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Wind Turbine Load Dynamics In The Context Of Intermittent Atmospheric Turbulence
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Book Synopsis Wind Turbine Load Dynamics in the Context of Intermittent Atmospheric Turbulence by : Carl Michael Schwarz
Download or read book Wind Turbine Load Dynamics in the Context of Intermittent Atmospheric Turbulence written by Carl Michael Schwarz and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work the impact of higher order statistics of wind on wind turbine loads, especially fatigue loads, is discussed. Non-Gaussian distributed wind velocity increments, which are related to the concept of turbulence intermittency, are the focal point of this thesis. Within this study, synthetic wind fields featuring Gaussian and non-Gaussian increment statistics are generated, utilizing a wind model based on Continuous-Time-Random-Walks. Subsequently, these fields are used as an input in a common wind turbine simulation. The resulting load responses are compared and analyzed with respect to the accumulated fatigue damage. In doing so, an increase in fatigue loading by approx. 5-10% for extreme coherent wind fields and selected load sensors is found. Additionally the dependency of this load enhancement on the coherence of the wind field is discussed. It is demonstrated that the intermittency effect decreases with the coherence.
Book Synopsis Non-steady Dynamics of Atmospheric Turbulence Interaction with Wind Turbine Loadings Through Blade-boundary-layer-resolved CFD. by : Ganesh Vijayakumar
Download or read book Non-steady Dynamics of Atmospheric Turbulence Interaction with Wind Turbine Loadings Through Blade-boundary-layer-resolved CFD. written by Ganesh Vijayakumar and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern commercial megawatt-scale wind turbines occupy the lower 15-20% of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), the atmospheric surface layer (ASL). The current trend of increasing wind turbine diameter and hub height increases the interaction of the wind turbines with the upper ASL which contains spatio-temporal velocity variations over a wide range of length and time scales. Our interest is the interaction of the wind turbine with the energetic integral-scale eddies, since thesecause the largest temporal variations in blade loadings. The rotation of a wind turbine blade through the ABL causes fluctuations in the local velocity magnitude and angle of attack at different sections along the blade. The blade boundary layer responds to these fluctuations and in turn causes temporal transients in localsectional loads and integrated blade and shaft bending moments. While the integral scales of the atmospheric boundary layer are O(10-100m) in the horizontal with advection time scales of order tens of seconds, the viscous surface layer of the blade boundary layer is O(10 - 100 [mu]m) with time scales of order milliseconds. Thus, the response of wind turbine blade loadings to atmospheric turbulence is the resultof the interaction between two turbulence dynamical systems at extremely disparateranges of length and time scales. A deeper understanding of this interaction canimpact future approaches to improve the reliability of wind turbines in wind farms,and can underlie future improvements. My thesis centers on the development of a computational framework to simulate the interaction between the atmospheric and wind turbine blade turbulence dynamical systems using a two step one-way coupled approach. Pseudo-spectral large eddy simulation (LES) is used to generate a true (equilibrium) atmospheric boundary layer over a flat land with specified surface roughness and heating consistent with the stability state of the daytime lower troposphere. Using the data from the precursor simulation as inflow conditions, a second simulation is performed on a smaller domain around the wind turbine using finite volume CFD with a body-fitted grid to compute the unsteady blade loads in response to atmospheric turbulence. Analysis of the precursor LES shows that the advective time scales multiple rotation time scales of the rotor. From blade element momentum theory coupled with LES of the ABL, we find that the energy-containing eddies were found to cause large temporal fluctuations (±50%) in the integrated moments, primarilydue to changes in the local flow angle relative to the local chord sections.A low-dissipation pseudo-spectral algorithm was applied to the ABL LES. A finite volume algorithm was required to resolve the flow features around the complex blade geometry. The effect of the finite volume algorithm on the accuracy of it's prediction of the rough-surface ABL was assessed using the method of Brasseur and Wei [1]. We found that finite volume algorithms need finer horizontal grid resolution to retain the same accuracy as the corresponding pseudo-spectral simulations. Theseresults were used to design our computational framework to accurately propagate the turbulence eddies through the finite volume domain. The ability of our computational framework to capture blade boundary layerdynamics in response to atmospheric turbulence is intimately associated with the extreme care taken in the design of our grid and with the development of a new hybrid URANS-LES turbulence model. The new turbulence model blends a 1-equation LES subgrid model in the far field with the k-w-SST-SAS URANS model to the blade boundary layer adjacent to the blade surface. With this computational framework, we simulated a single rotating blade of the NREL-5MW wind turbine in the moderately convective daytime atmosphere using blade-boundary-layer-resolved CFD simulations. The analysis of load fluctuations on a single rotating blade in a daytime atmosphere using blade-boundary-layer-resolved CFD has yielded two key results:(1) Whereas non-steady blade loadings are generally described as the response tonon-steadiness in wind speed, our analysis show that time changes in wind vectordirection are a much greater contributor to load transients, and strongly impact boundary layer dynamics; (2) largest temporal variations in loadings result from three distinct dynamical responses with disparate time scales: advection of atmospheric eddies through the rotor at the minute time scale, blade response at the rotor rotation time scale (5s) and blade response to turbulence-induced forcingsas the blades traverse internal atmospheric eddy structure at sub-blade rotation time scales. In our simulations at rated wind speed, quasi-2D blade boundary layer separation is observed over most of the outer 50% of the blade with chordwise motions, correlated with time changes in relative wind vector angle, which itself is strongly correlated with changes in blade sectional and integrated loads. Thus, tools based on sectional "table lookups" like FAST [2] and Actuator Line Methods[3], improved using data from high-fidelity simulations and experiment, have the potential to capture the major fluctuations in integrated loads from daytime atmospheric turbulence.
Book Synopsis Wind Energy - Impact of Turbulence by : Michael Hölling
Download or read book Wind Energy - Impact of Turbulence written by Michael Hölling and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-05-15 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the results of the seminar “Wind Energy and the Impact of Turbulence on the Conversion Process” which was supported from three societies, namely the EUROMech, EAWE and ERCOFATC and took place in Oldenburg, Germany in spring 2012. The seminar was one of the first scientific meetings devoted to the common topic of wind energy and basic turbulence. The established community of researchers working on the challenging puzzle of turbulence for decades met the quite young community of researchers, who face the upcoming challenges in the fast growing field of wind energy applications. From the fluid mechanical point of view, wind turbines are large machines operating in the fully turbulent atmospheric boundary layer. In particular they are facing small-scale turbulent inflow conditions. It is one of the central puzzles in basic turbulence research to achieve a fundamental understanding of the peculiarities of small-scale turbulence. This book helps to better understand the resulting aerodynamics around the wind turbine’s blades and the forces transmitted into the machinery in this context of puzzling inflow conditions. This is a big challenge due to the multi-scale properties of the incoming wind field ranging from local flow conditions on the profile up to the interaction of wake flows in wind farms.
Book Synopsis Effects of Daytime Atmospheric Boundary Layer Turbulence on the Generation of Nonsteady Wind Turbine Loadings and Predictive Accuracy of Lower Order Models by : Adam Lavely
Download or read book Effects of Daytime Atmospheric Boundary Layer Turbulence on the Generation of Nonsteady Wind Turbine Loadings and Predictive Accuracy of Lower Order Models written by Adam Lavely and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern utility-scale wind turbines operate in the the lower atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), which is characterized by large gradients in mean velocity and temperature and the existence of strong coherent turbulence eddies that reflect the interaction between strong mean shear and vertical buoyancy driven by solar heating. The spatio-temporal velocity variations drive nonsteady loadings on wind turbines that contribute to premature wind turbine component fatigue failure, decreasing the levelized cost of (wind) energy (LCOE). The aims of the current comprehensive research program center on the quantification of the characteristics of the nonsteady loads resulting from the interactions between the coherent energy contain gin atmospheric turbulence eddies within the lower ABL as the eddies advect through the rotor plane and the rotating wind turbine blade encounter the internal turbulence structure of the atmospheric eddies.We focus on the daytime atmospheric boundary layer, where buoyancy due to surface heating interacts with shear to create coherent turbulence structures. Pseudo-spectral large eddy simulation (LES) is used to generate an equilibrium atmospheric boundary layer over flat terrain with uniform surface roughness characteristic of the Midwest on a typical sunny windy afternoon when the ABL can be approximated as quasi-steady. The energy-containing eddies are found to create advective time-responses of order 30-90 seconds with lateral spatial scales of order the wind turbine rotor diameter. Different wind turbine simulation methods of a representative utility scale turbine were applied using the atmospheric turbulence as inflow.We apply three different fidelity wind turbine simulation methods to quantify the extent to which lower order models are able to accurately predict the nonsteady loading due to atmospheric turbulence eddies advecting through the rotor plane and interacting with the wind turbine. The methods vary both the coupling to the atmospheric boundary layer and the way in which the blade geometry is resolved and sectional blade forces are calculated. The highest fidelity simulation resolves the blade geometry to capture unsteady boundary layer response and separation dynamics within a simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer coupling the effect of the turbine to the atmospheric inflow. The lower order models both use empirical look-up tables to predict the time changes in blade sectional forces as a function of time changes in local velocity vector. The actuator line method (ALM) is two-way coupled and feeds these blade forces back into a simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer. The blade element momentum theory (BEMT) is one-way coupled and models the effect of the turbine on the incoming velocity field. The coupling method and method of blade resolution are both found to have an effect on the ability to accurately predict sectional blade load response to nonsteady atmospheric turbulence. The BEMT cannot accurately predict the timing of the response changes as these are modulated by the wind turbine within the ABL simulations. The lower order models have increased blade sectional load range and temporal gradients due to their inability to accurately capture the temporal response of the blade geometry to inflow changes. Taking advantage of horizontal homogeneity to collect statistics, we investigate the time period required to create well converged statistics in the equilibrium atmospheric boundary layer and find whereas the 10-minute industry standard for `averages' retains variability of order 10%, the 10-minute average is an optimal choice. We compare the industry standard 10-minute averaging period. The residual variability within the 10-minute period to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Gearbox Reliability Collaborative (GRC) field test database to find that whereas the 10-minute window still contains large variability, it is, in some sense, optimal because averaging times much longer would be required to significantly reduce variability. Turbulence fluctuations in streamwise velocity are found to be the primary driver of temporal variations in local angles of attack and sectional blade loads. Based on this new understanding, we develop analyses to show that whereas rotor torque and thrust correlate well with upstream horizontal velocity averaged over the rotor disk, out-of-plane bending moment magnitude correlates with the asymmetry in the horizontal fluctuating velocity over the rotor disk. Consequentially, off-design motions of the drivetrain and gearbox shown with the GRC field test data are well predicted using an asymmetry index designed to capture the response of a three-bladed turbine to asymmetry in the rotor plane. The predictors for torque, thrust and out-of-plane bending moment are shown to correlate well to upstream rotor planes indicating that they may be applied to advanced feed-forward control methods such as forward-facing LIDAR used to detect velocity changes in front of a wind turbine. This has the potential to increase wind turbine reliability by using controls to reduce potentially detrimental load responses to incoming atmospheric turbulence and decrease the LCOE.
Book Synopsis Multiphysics of Wind Turbines in Extreme Loading Conditions by : Arash Soleiman Fallah
Download or read book Multiphysics of Wind Turbines in Extreme Loading Conditions written by Arash Soleiman Fallah and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2024-01-26 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiphysics of Wind Turbines in Extreme Loading Conditions addresses the extreme transient loading of wind turbines through a multiphysics modeling approach, notably by considering the dynamic effects and the nonlinearities of the physics involved in such situations. The book forms the basis for understanding multiphysic numerical simulations conducted on onshore and offshore wind turbines and subjected to extreme loading conditions, including storms, earthquakes, blasts, impacts, and tsunamis. The multiphysics approaches used in this book are explained in each chapter, with algorithms then turned into numerical codes to attain a realistic picture of the dynamic response in each scenario. With numerical methods and loading data explained, the complexity of potential problems encountered when extreme dynamic loads are discussed, along with loading types and their effects. The book fills a specific niche in wind power, namely extreme transient loading of wind turbine, offering information and industrial practices as wind energy makes it useful to practice engineers, designers, undergraduate and graduate students. Defines best practices for unique scenarios which are not readily available in the wider literature, such as extreme load conditions, earthquake and storm scenarios Includes multi-physics methods and specific applications within the demands of extreme conditions Offers numerical simulations of both onshore and offshore wind turbines in one place
Book Synopsis Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines by : Martin O. L. Hansen
Download or read book Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines written by Martin O. L. Hansen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-05-01 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines is the established essential text for the fundamental solutions to efficient wind turbine design. Now in its third edition, it has been substantially updated with respect to structural dynamics and control. The new control chapter now includes details on how to design a classical pitch and torque regulator to control rotational speed and power, while the section on structural dynamics has been extended with a simplified mechanical system explaining the phenomena of forward and backward whirling modes. Readers will also benefit from a new chapter on Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT). Topics covered include increasing mass flow through the turbine, performance at low and high wind speeds, assessment of the extreme conditions under which the turbine will perform and the theory for calculating the lifetime of the turbine. The classical Blade Element Momentum method is also covered, as are eigenmodes and the dynamic behaviour of a turbine. The book describes the effects of the dynamics and how this can be modelled in an aeroelastic code, which is widely used in the design and verification of modern wind turbines. Furthermore, it examines how to calculate the vibration of the whole construction, as well as the time varying loads and global case studies.
Book Synopsis Analysis of the Effect of Intermittent Wind on Wind Turbines by Means of CFD by : Sebastian Ehrich
Download or read book Analysis of the Effect of Intermittent Wind on Wind Turbines by Means of CFD written by Sebastian Ehrich and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wind Energy Explained by : James F. Manwell
Download or read book Wind Energy Explained written by James F. Manwell and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind energy’s bestselling textbook- fully revised. This must-have second edition includes up-to-date data, diagrams, illustrations and thorough new material on: the fundamentals of wind turbine aerodynamics; wind turbine testing and modelling; wind turbine design standards; offshore wind energy; special purpose applications, such as energy storage and fuel production. Fifty additional homework problems and a new appendix on data processing make this comprehensive edition perfect for engineering students. This book offers a complete examination of one of the most promising sources of renewable energy and is a great introduction to this cross-disciplinary field for practising engineers. “provides a wealth of information and is an excellent reference book for people interested in the subject of wind energy.” (IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, November/December 2003) “deserves a place in the library of every university and college where renewable energy is taught.” (The International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education, Vol.41, No.2 April 2004) “a very comprehensive and well-organized treatment of the current status of wind power.” (Choice, Vol. 40, No. 4, December 2002)
Book Synopsis Introduction to Wind Turbine Aerodynamics by : A. P. Schaffarczyk
Download or read book Introduction to Wind Turbine Aerodynamics written by A. P. Schaffarczyk and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-28 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an introduction to the topic for professionals and students with a diverse range of backgrounds. Wind Turbine Aerodynamics is a self-contained textbook that shows how to progress from the basics of fluid mechanics to modern wind turbine blade design. It presents the fundamentals of fluid dynamics and inflow conditions, as well as extensive information on theories describing the aerodynamics of wind turbines. After examining a number of related experiments, the book applies the lessons learned to blade design. The text of the 2nd edition has been thoroughly revised, with a focus on improved readability. The examples and solutions have been extended to explain each problem in much greater detail.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Wind Energy Aerodynamics by : Bernhard Stoevesandt
Download or read book Handbook of Wind Energy Aerodynamics written by Bernhard Stoevesandt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-04 with total page 1495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides both a comprehensive overview and deep insights on the state-of-the-art methods used in wind turbine aerodynamics, as well as their advantages and limits. The focus of this work is specifically on wind turbines, where the aerodynamics are different from that of other fields due to the turbulent wind fields they face and the resultant differences in structural requirements. It gives a complete picture of research in the field, taking into account the different approaches which are applied. This book would be useful to professionals, academics, researchers and students working in the field.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric and wake turbulence impacts on wind turbine fatigue loading by :
Download or read book Atmospheric and wake turbulence impacts on wind turbine fatigue loading written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wind Turbine Aerodynamics and Vorticity-Based Methods by : Emmanuel Branlard
Download or read book Wind Turbine Aerodynamics and Vorticity-Based Methods written by Emmanuel Branlard and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-05 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book introduces the fundamentals of fluid-mechanics, momentum theories, vortex theories and vortex methods necessary for the study of rotors aerodynamics and wind-turbines aerodynamics in particular. Rotor theories are presented in a great level of details at the beginning of the book. These theories include: the blade element theory, the Kutta-Joukowski theory, the momentum theory and the blade element momentum method. A part of the book is dedicated to the description and implementation of vortex methods. The remaining of the book focuses on the study of wind turbine aerodynamics using vortex-theory analyses or vortex-methods. Examples of vortex-theory applications are: optimal rotor design, tip-loss corrections, yaw-models and dynamic inflow models. Historical derivations and recent extensions of the models are presented. The cylindrical vortex model is another example of a simple analytical vortex model presented in this book. This model leads to the development of different BEM models and it is also used to provide the analytical velocity field upstream of a turbine or a wind farm under aligned or yawed conditions. Different applications of numerical vortex methods are presented. Numerical methods are used for instance to investigate the influence of a wind turbine on the incoming turbulence. Sheared inflows and aero-elastic simulations are investigated using vortex methods for the first time. Many analytical flows are derived in details: vortex rings, vortex cylinders, Hill's vortex, vortex blobs etc. They are used throughout the book to devise simple rotor models or to validate the implementation of numerical methods. Several Matlab programs are provided to ease some of the most complex implementations.
Book Synopsis REDUCED-ORDER CHARACTERIZATION OF THE AEROELASTIC RESPONSE OF STALL-CONTROLLED WIND TURBINES UNDER ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE by :
Download or read book REDUCED-ORDER CHARACTERIZATION OF THE AEROELASTIC RESPONSE OF STALL-CONTROLLED WIND TURBINES UNDER ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Wind, by its vary nature, varies with place and time, making energy conversion difficult. This calls for the development of improved technologies that efficiently harness energy from the available wind resource, and advanced control systems are a key research aspect of wind turbine technology. Such systems are needed to maximize the rotor's output power at wind speeds below the nominal value for the turbine, limit rotor power at wind speeds higher than the nominal, and reduce fluctuating loads on the turbine blades that may compromise their long-term operational life. Among the several families of control methods for wind turbines, Pitch and Stall are by far the most used in modern utility-scale machines. Both are based on altering the aerodynamic characteristics of the blade sections in order to control the forces which produce the rotor's torque, power, and thrust, and its deformation. A very popular control method to optimize power production and control is using Variable-Speed Wind Turbines (VSWT) a relatively new idea, which offers has a promising perspective for future applications. As with the classical Fixed-Speed (FS) stall method lowers the capital cost and reduces maintenance expenses, while at the same time, allows for a more efficient and precise control of power production. This research investigated the aeroselastic behavior of the stall-controlled rotors, studied the frequency content and time evolution of their oscillatory behavior, and gained a better understanding of the underlying physics. This calls for a wide range of experiments that assess the effects of rapid variations on the rotor's operational conditions, like gusts and turbulent fluctuations on the wind flow. To systematize this analysis, various gust conditions tested for different wind speeds. These are represented by pulses of different intensity, occurring suddenly in and otherwise constant wind regime. This allows us to observe the pure aero-elasto-inertial dynamics of the rotor's response. We will show the results from an extensive series of experiments analyzing the aeroelastic response of the rotor to wind speed fluctuations associated to the turbulent characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer, focusing on obtaining a reduced-order characterization of the rotor's dynamics as an oscillatory system based on energy-transfer principles. Besides on its intrinsic scientific value, this aspect of the work presented here is of fundamental interest for researchers and engineers working on developing optimized control strategies for wind turbines. It allows for the critical elements of the rotor's dynamic behavior to be described as a reduced-order model that can be solved in real-time, an essential requirement for determining predictive control actions.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Wake Turbulence in a Wind Turbine Array Submerged in Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flow by : Pankaj Jha
Download or read book Characterization of Wake Turbulence in a Wind Turbine Array Submerged in Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flow written by Pankaj Jha and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind energy is becoming one of the most significant sources of renewable energy. With its growing use, and social and political awareness, efforts are being made to harness it in the most efficient manner. However, a number of challenges preclude efficient and optimum operation of wind farms. Wind resource forecasting over a long operation window of a wind farm, development of wind farms over a complex terrain on-shore, and air/wave interaction off-shore all pose difficulties in materializing the goal of the efficient harnessing of wind energy. These difficulties are further amplified when wind turbine wakes interact directly with turbines located downstream and in adjacent rows in a turbulent atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). In the present study, an ABL solver is used to simulate different atmospheric stability states over a diurnal cycle. The effect of the turbines is modeled by using actuator methods, in particular the state-of-the-art actuator line method (ALM) and an improved ALM are used for the simulation of the turbine arrays. The two ALM approaches are used either with uniform inflow or are coupled with the ABL solver. In the latter case, a precursor simulation is first obtained and data saved at the inflow planes for the duration the turbines are anticipated to be simulated. The coupled ABL-ALM solver is then used to simulate the turbine arrays operating in atmospheric turbulence.A detailed accuracy assessment of the state-of-the-art ALM is performed by applying it to different rotors. A discrepancy regarding over-prediction of tip loads and an artificial tip correction is identified. A new proposed ALM* is developed and validated for the NREL Phase VI rotor. This is also applied to the NREL 5-MW turbine, and guidelines to obtain consistent results with ALM* are developed.Both the ALM approaches are then applied to study a turbine-turbine interaction problem consisting of two NREL 5-MW turbines. The simulations are performed for two ABL stability states. The effect of ABL stability as well the ALM approaches on the blade loads, turbulence statistics, unsteadiness, wake profile etc., is quantified. It is found that ALM and ALM* yield a noticeable difference in most of the parameters quantified. The ALM* also senses small-scale blade motions better. However, the ABL state dominates the wake recovery pattern. The ALM* is then applied to a mini wind farm comprising five NREL 5-MW turbines in two rows and in a staggered configuration. A detailed wake recovery study is performed using a unique wake-plane analysis technique. An actuator curve embedding (ACE) method is developed to model a general-shaped lifting surface. This method is validated for the NREL Phase VI rotor and applied to the NREL 5-MW turbine. This method has the potential for application to aero-elasticity problems of utility-scale wind turbines.
Book Synopsis A Case for Including Atmospheric Thermodynamic Variables in Wind Turbine Fatigue Loading Parameter Identification by : Neil Davis Kelley
Download or read book A Case for Including Atmospheric Thermodynamic Variables in Wind Turbine Fatigue Loading Parameter Identification written by Neil Davis Kelley and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atmospheric and Wake Turbulence Impacts on Wind Turbine Fatigue Loading :. by :
Download or read book Atmospheric and Wake Turbulence Impacts on Wind Turbine Fatigue Loading :. written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781725001718 Total Pages :26 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (17 download)
Book Synopsis A Model of Rotationally-Sampled Wind Turbulence for Predicting Fatigue Loads in Wind Turbines by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book A Model of Rotationally-Sampled Wind Turbulence for Predicting Fatigue Loads in Wind Turbines written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical equations are presented with which to model rotationally-sampled (R-S) turbulence for input to structural-dynamic computer codes and the calculation of wind turbine fatigue loads. These equations are derived from R-S turbulence data which were measured at the vertical-plane array in Clayton, New Mexico. For validation, the equations are applied to the calculation of cyclic flapwise blade loads for the NASA/DOE Mod-2 2.5-MW experimental HAWT's (horizontal-axis wind turbines), and the results compared to measured cyclic loads. Good correlation is achieved, indicating that the R-S turbulence model developed in this study contains the characteristics of the wind which produce many of the fatigue loads sustained by wind turbines. Empirical factors are included which permit the prediction of load levels at specified percentiles of occurrence, which is required for the generation of fatigue load spectra and the prediction of the fatigue lifetime of structures. Spera, David A. Unspecified Center ...
