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Why The Igbo Massacre Of 1966 67
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Book Synopsis Why the Igbo Massacre of 1966-67? by : Julius Afolalu
Download or read book Why the Igbo Massacre of 1966-67? written by Julius Afolalu and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2023-05-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From HOSPITALITY to HOSTILITY -Untold Story of Biafran War: WHY THE IGBO MASSACRE OF 1966-67? Propaganda typically gives only one side of its story. Therefore, Biafrans begin their story with the massacres of 1966-67, when easterners, particularly Igbos, living in the North were subjected to indiscriminate and brutal slaughter. As a result, they believed that their security lay only in the sovereign state of Biafra. By May 1967, most easterners preferred secession to any other form of association with Nigeria. They declared secession and a bloody civil war began. As in all forms of propaganda, you need to hear the other side of the story to find the truth. Before the massacre, the Hausa/Fulani oligarchy and Igbo hegemony in the East were allies and coalition partners in the government that ushered Independence for Nigeria. In addition, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, Col. Odumegwu-Ojukwu, Major Patrick Nzeogwu, and many Igbo foremost leaders were born in Northern Nigeria. The North was hospitable enough to be a second home to the Igbos. So, what happened that HOSPITALITY drastically changed to HOSTILITY? The answer is fully researched and supplied in this book.
Download or read book The Nigeria-Biafra War written by and published by Cambria Press. This book was released on with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Asaba Massacre by : S. Elizabeth Bird
Download or read book The Asaba Massacre written by S. Elizabeth Bird and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-31 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An interdisciplinary study of the Asaba massacre, re-examining Nigerian history and enriching the understanding of post-conflict trauma and memory construction.
Book Synopsis Massacre of Ndi-Igbo in 1966 by : G. C. M. Onyiuke Tribunal of Inquiry (Eastern Nigeria, Nigeria)
Download or read book Massacre of Ndi-Igbo in 1966 written by G. C. M. Onyiuke Tribunal of Inquiry (Eastern Nigeria, Nigeria) and published by . This book was released on 2001* with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A History of the Republic of Biafra by : Samuel Fury Childs Daly
Download or read book A History of the Republic of Biafra written by Samuel Fury Childs Daly and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-08-27 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Republic of Biafra lasted for less than three years, but the war over its secession would contort Nigeria for decades to come. Samuel Fury Childs Daly examines the history of the Nigerian Civil War and its aftermath from an uncommon vantage point – the courtroom. Wartime Biafra was glutted with firearms, wracked by famine, and administered by a government that buckled under the weight of the conflict. In these dangerous conditions, many people survived by engaging in fraud, extortion, and armed violence. When the fighting ended in 1970, these survival tactics endured, even though Biafra itself disappeared from the map. Based on research using an original archive of legal records and oral histories, Daly catalogues how people navigated conditions of extreme hardship on the war front, and shows how the conditions of the Nigerian Civil War paved the way for the country's long experience of crime that was to follow.
Book Synopsis There Was a Country by : Chinua Achebe
Download or read book There Was a Country written by Chinua Achebe and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2012-10-11 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the legendary author of Things Fall Apart—a long-awaited memoir of coming of age in a fragile new nation, and its destruction in a tragic civil war For more than forty years, Chinua Achebe maintained a considered silence on the events of the Nigerian civil war, also known as the Biafran War, of 1967–1970, addressing them only obliquely through his poetry. Decades in the making, There Was a Country is a towering account of one of modern Africa’s most disastrous events, from a writer whose words and courage left an enduring stamp on world literature. A marriage of history and memoir, vivid firsthand observation and decades of research and reflection, There Was a Country is a work whose wisdom and compassion remind us of Chinua Achebe’s place as one of the great literary and moral voices of our age.
Book Synopsis Proclivity to Genocide by : Grace O. Okoye
Download or read book Proclivity to Genocide written by Grace O. Okoye and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2014-08-20 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines proclivity to genocide in the protracted killings that have continued for decades in the northern Nigeria ethno-religious conflict, spanning from the 1966 northern Nigeria massacres of thousands of Ibos up to the present, ongoing killings between extremist Muslims and Christians or non-Muslims in the region. It explores the ethnic and religious dimensions of the conflict over five phases to investigate genocidal proclivity to the killings and the extent to which religion foments and escalates the conflict. This book adopts a conceptual analytic approach of establishing similarity of genocidal patterns to the northern Nigeria ethno-religious conflict by examining genocidal occurrences and massacres in history, particularly the twentieth-century contemporary genocides, for an understanding of genocide. With this reference frame, the study structures a Genocide Proclivity Model for identifying inclinations to genocide and derives a substantive theory using the Strauss and Corbin (1990) approach. By identifying genocidal intent as underlying the various manifestations and causes of genocide in specific genocide cases, the book establishes that genocidal proclivity or the intent to exterminate the “other” on the basis of religion and/or ethnicity underlies most of the northern Nigerian episodic, but protracted, killings. The book’s analytic framework and approach are grounded in identifiable and provable evidences of specific intent to annihilate the “other,” mostly involving extremist Muslimsintent to‘cleanse’ northern Nigeria of Christians and other non-Muslims through the ‘exclusionary ideology’ of imposition of the Sharia Law, and to ‘force assimilation’ or ‘extermination’ through massacres and genocidal killings of those who refuse to assimilate or adopt the Muslim ideology. The study establishes that the genocidal inclinations to the conflict have remained latent because of the intermittent but protracted nature of the killings and lends credence to the conception of genocidal intent and its covertness in situations of genocidal intermittency. The book unearths the latency of episodic genocide in the northern Nigeria ethno-religious conflict, prescribes recommendations, and launches a clarion call for international intervention to stop the genocide.
Book Synopsis The Biafran War and Postcolonial Humanitarianism by : Lasse Heerten
Download or read book The Biafran War and Postcolonial Humanitarianism written by Lasse Heerten and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A global history of 'Biafra', providing a new explanation for the ascendance of humanitarianism in a postcolonial world.
Book Synopsis The Biafra Story by : Frederick Forsyth
Download or read book The Biafra Story written by Frederick Forsyth and published by Pen and Sword. This book was released on 2015-03-21 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fearless act of journalism in 1960s Nigeria and the true story behind the international bestselling novel The Dogs of War. The Nigerian civil war of the late 1960s was one of the first occasions when Western consciences were awakened and deeply affronted by the level of suffering and the scale of atrocity being played out in the African continent. This was thanks not just to advances in communication technology but to the courage and journalistic skills of foreign correspondents like Frederick Forsyth, who had already earned an enviable reputation for tenacity and accuracy working for Reuters and the BBC. In The Biafra Story, Forsyth reveals the depth of the British Government’s active involvement in the conflict—information which many in power would have preferred to remain secret. General Gowon’s genocide of the Biafran people was facilitated by a ready supply of British arms and advice. Still tragically relevant in its depiction of global affairs, this powerful book also launched Frederick Forsyth to literary stardom by providing him with the background material for The Dogs of War. The dramatic events and shocking political exposures, all delivered with Forsyth’s bold and perceptive style, makes The Biafra Story a compelling lesson in courage.
Book Synopsis A History of Nigeria by : Toyin Falola
Download or read book A History of Nigeria written by Toyin Falola and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-04-24 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nigeria is Africa's most populous country and the world's eighth largest oil producer, but its success has been undermined in recent decades by ethnic and religious conflict, political instability, rampant official corruption and an ailing economy. Toyin Falola, a leading historian intimately acquainted with the region, and Matthew Heaton, who has worked extensively on African science and culture, combine their expertise to explain the context to Nigeria's recent troubles through an exploration of its pre-colonial and colonial past, and its journey from independence to statehood. By examining key themes such as colonialism, religion, slavery, nationalism and the economy, the authors show how Nigeria's history has been swayed by the vicissitudes of the world around it, and how Nigerians have adapted to meet these challenges. This book offers a unique portrayal of a resilient people living in a country with immense, but unrealized, potential.
Book Synopsis Biafra's War 1967-1970 by : Al J. Venter
Download or read book Biafra's War 1967-1970 written by Al J. Venter and published by Helion and Company. This book was released on 2016-02-19 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost half a century has passed since the Nigerian Civil War ended. But memories die hard, because a million or more people perished in that internecine struggle, the majority women and children, who were starved to death. Biafra’s war was modern Africa’s first extended conflict. It lasted almost three years and was based largely on ethnic, by inference, tribal grounds. It involved, on the one side, a largely Christian or animist southeastern quadrant of Nigeria which called itself Biafra, pitted militarily against the country’s more populous and preponderant Islamic north. These divisions – almost always brutal – persist. Not a week goes by without reports coming in of Christian communities or individuals persecuted by Islamic zealots. It was also a conflict that saw significant Cold War involvement: the Soviets (and Britain) siding and supplying Federal Nigeria with weapons, aircraft and expertise and several Western states – Portugal, South Africa and France especially – providing clandestine help to the rebel state. For that reason alone, this book is an important contribution towards understanding Nigeria’s ethnic divisions, which are no better today than they were then. Biafra was the first of a series of religious wars that threaten to engulf much of Africa. Similar conflicts have recently taken place in the Ivory Coast, Kenya, Southern Sudan, the Central African Republic, Senegal (Cassamance), both Congo Republics and elsewhere. As the war progressed, Biafra also attracted mercenary involvement, many of whom arriving from the Congo which had already seen much turmoil. Western pilots were hired by Lagos and they flew the first Soviet MiG-17 jet fighters to have played an active role in a ‘Western’ war. Al Venter spent time covering this struggle. He left the rebel enclave in December 1969, only weeks before it ended and claims the distinction of being the only foreign correspondent to have been rocketed by both sides: first by Biafra’s tiny Swedish-built Minicon fighter planes while he was on a ship lying at anchor in Warri harbour and thereafter, by MiG jets flown by mercenaries. Among his colleagues inside the beleaguered territory were the celebrated Italian photographer Romano Cagnoni as well as Frederick Forsyth who originally reported for the BBC and then resigned because of the partisan, pro-Nigerian stance taken by Whitehall. He briefly shared quarters with French photographer Giles Caron who was later killed in Cambodia. Prior to that Venter had been working for John Holt in Lagos. It is interesting that his office at the time was at Ikeja International Airport (Murtala Muhammed today) where the second Nigerian army mutiny was plotted and from where it was launched. From this perspective he had a proverbial ‘ringside seat’ of the tribal divisions that followed as hostilities escalated. Venter took numerous photos while on this West African assignment, both in Nigeria while he was based there and later in Biafra itself. Others come from various sources, including some from the same mercenary pilots who originally targeted him from the air.
Book Synopsis Trends in Migrant Political Organizations in Nigeria by : Eghosa E. Osaghae
Download or read book Trends in Migrant Political Organizations in Nigeria written by Eghosa E. Osaghae and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oil, Politics and Violence by : Max Siollun
Download or read book Oil, Politics and Violence written by Max Siollun and published by Algora Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An insider traces the details of hope and ambition gone wrong in the Giant of Africa, Nigeria, Africa's most populous country. When it gained independence from Britain in 1960, hopes were high that, with mineral wealth and over 140 million people, the most educated workforce in Africa, Nigeria would become Africa s first superpower and a stabilizing democratic influence in the region. However, these lofty hopes were soon dashed and the country lumbered from crisis to crisis, with the democratic government eventually being overthrown in a violent military coup in January 1966. From 1966 until 1999, the army held onto power almost uninterrupted under a succession of increasingly authoritarian military governments and army coups. Military coups and military rule (which began as an emergency aberration) became a seemingly permanent feature of Nigerian politics. The author names names, and explores how British influence aggravated indigenous rivalries. He shows how various factions in the military were able to hold onto power and resist civil and international pressure for democratic governance by exploiting the country's oil wealth and ethnic divisions to its advantage."--Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Biafra Revisited by : Herbert Ekwe-Ekwe
Download or read book Biafra Revisited written by Herbert Ekwe-Ekwe and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text demonstrates that the Biafran War, 1967-1970, was the second phase of the Igbo genocide, following the initial massacre of 100,000 Igbo across the principal towns and cities of northern Nigeria. It shows how the slaughter was sanctioned and organised by the State, with its leading institutions - the military, police, religious, media and academia - implicated therein.
Book Synopsis Things Fall Apart by : Chinua Achebe
Download or read book Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe and published by Penguin. This book was released on 1994-09-01 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A true classic of world literature . . . A masterpiece that has inspired generations of writers in Nigeria, across Africa, and around the world.” —Barack Obama “African literature is incomplete and unthinkable without the works of Chinua Achebe.” —Toni Morrison Nominated as one of America’s best-loved novels by PBS’s The Great American Read Things Fall Apart is the first of three novels in Chinua Achebe's critically acclaimed African Trilogy. It is a classic narrative about Africa's cataclysmic encounter with Europe as it establishes a colonial presence on the continent. Told through the fictional experiences of Okonkwo, a wealthy and fearless Igbo warrior of Umuofia in the late 1800s, Things Fall Apart explores one man's futile resistance to the devaluing of his Igbo traditions by British political andreligious forces and his despair as his community capitulates to the powerful new order. With more than 20 million copies sold and translated into fifty-seven languages, Things Fall Apart provides one of the most illuminating and permanent monuments to African experience. Achebe does not only capture life in a pre-colonial African village, he conveys the tragedy of the loss of that world while broadening our understanding of our contemporary realities.
Book Synopsis On Aburi We Stand by : Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu
Download or read book On Aburi We Stand written by Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Biafran Humanitarian Crisis, 1967–1970 by : Arua Oko Omaka
Download or read book The Biafran Humanitarian Crisis, 1967–1970 written by Arua Oko Omaka and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2016-09-30 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the Biafran humanitarian crisis of 1967–1970 which generated a surge of human rights anxieties and attracted the attention of world humanitarian organizations. For the first time in recent history, different church groups and humanitarian activists around the world came together for the sole purpose of alleviating human suffering and saving lives regardless of theological differences, race, ethnic affiliation, nationality, and geographical distance. Despite their role in shaping the course and outcome of the conflict, most scholars of the Nigeria-Biafra War treat the humanitarian aspect of the war as a footnote, making it appear less important among other issues of interest in the conflict. Notable exceptions, however, include Joseph Thomson’s American Policy and African Famine, which focuses on American policy on the humanitarian aid, and Reverend Tony Byrne’s Airlift to Biafra. This study underlines that the international humanitarian aid largely contributed to the internationalization of the war. The efforts of the churches from thirty-three countries which remain virtually unexplored was not just the first of its kind in the developing world but also the largest civilian airlift in history. While the paucity of scholarship on the humanitarian aspect of the Biafra war could be attributed to the newness of this field of enquiry, the increase in conflicts in different parts of the world has just opened humanitarian aid studies as a new frontier in academic study. This book is a masterful example of scholarship in this newly emergent field.
