Who Saved The Parthenon

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Who Saved the Parthenon?: A New History of the Acropolis Before, During and After the Greek Revolution

Author : William St Clair
Publisher : Open Book Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781783744626
Total Pages : 898 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Who Saved the Parthenon?: A New History of the Acropolis Before, During and After the Greek Revolution by : William St Clair

Download or read book Who Saved the Parthenon?: A New History of the Acropolis Before, During and After the Greek Revolution written by William St Clair and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2022-05-12 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this magisterial book, William St Clair unfolds the history of the Parthenon throughout the modern era to the present day, with special emphasis on the period before, during, and after the Greek War of Independence of 1821-33. Focusing particularly on the question of who saved the Parthenon from destruction during this conflict, with the help of documents that shed a new light on this enduring question, he explores the contributions made by the Philhellenes, Ancient Athenians, Ottomans and the Great Powers. Marshalling a vast amount of primary evidence, much of it previously unexamined and published here for the first time, St Clair rigorously explores the multiple ways in which the Parthenon has served both as a cultural icon onto which meanings are projected and as a symbol of particular national, religious and racial identities, as well as how it illuminates larger questions about the uses of built heritage. This book has a companion volume with the classical Parthenon as its main focus, which offers new ways of recovering the monument and its meanings in ancient times. St Clair builds on the success of his classic text, The Reading Nation in the Romantic Period, to present this rich and authoritative account of the Parthenon's presentation and reception throughout history. With weighty implications for the present life of the Parthenon, it is itself a monumental contribution to accounts of the Greek Revolution, to classical studies, and to intellectual history.

Who Saved the Parthenon?

Author : William St Clair
Publisher : Open Book Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1783744642
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (837 download)

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Book Synopsis Who Saved the Parthenon? by : William St Clair

Download or read book Who Saved the Parthenon? written by William St Clair and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2022-05-26 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this magisterial book, William St Clair unfolds the history of the Parthenon throughout the modern era to the present day, with special emphasis on the period before, during, and after the Greek War of Independence of 1821–32. Focusing particularly on the question of who saved the Parthenon from destruction during this conflict, with the help of documents that shed a new light on this enduring question, he explores the contributions made by the Philhellenes, Ancient Athenians, Ottomans and the Great Powers. Marshalling a vast amount of primary evidence, much of it previously unexamined and published here for the first time, St Clair rigorously explores the multiple ways in which the Parthenon has served both as a cultural icon onto which meanings are projected and as a symbol of particular national, religious and racial identities, as well as how it illuminates larger questions about the uses of built heritage. This book has a companion volume with the classical Parthenon as its main focus, which offers new ways of recovering the monument and its meanings in ancient times. St Clair builds on the success of his classic text, The Reading Nation in the Romantic Period, to present this rich and authoritative account of the Parthenon’s presentation and reception throughout history. With weighty implications for the present life of the Parthenon, it is itself a monumental contribution to accounts of the Greek Revolution, to classical studies, and to intellectual history.

The Parthenon Enigma

Author : Joan Breton Connelly
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0385350503
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (853 download)

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Book Synopsis The Parthenon Enigma by : Joan Breton Connelly

Download or read book The Parthenon Enigma written by Joan Breton Connelly and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2014-01-28 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Built in the fifth century b.c., the Parthenon has been venerated for more than two millennia as the West’s ultimate paragon of beauty and proportion. Since the Enlightenment, it has also come to represent our political ideals, the lavish temple to the goddess Athena serving as the model for our most hallowed civic architecture. But how much do the values of those who built the Parthenon truly correspond with our own? And apart from the significance with which we have invested it, what exactly did this marvel of human hands mean to those who made it? In this revolutionary book, Joan Breton Connelly challenges our most basic assumptions about the Parthenon and the ancient Athenians. Beginning with the natural environment and its rich mythic associations, she re-creates the development of the Acropolis—the Sacred Rock at the heart of the city-state—from its prehistoric origins to its Periklean glory days as a constellation of temples among which the Parthenon stood supreme. In particular, she probes the Parthenon’s legendary frieze: the 525-foot-long relief sculpture that originally encircled the upper reaches before it was partially destroyed by Venetian cannon fire (in the seventeenth century) and most of what remained was shipped off to Britain (in the nineteenth century) among the Elgin marbles. The frieze’s vast enigmatic procession—a dazzling pageant of cavalrymen and elders, musicians and maidens—has for more than two hundred years been thought to represent a scene of annual civic celebration in the birthplace of democracy. But thanks to a once-lost play by Euripides (the discovery of which, in the wrappings of a Hellenistic Egyptian mummy, is only one of this book’s intriguing adventures), Connelly has uncovered a long-buried meaning, a story of human sacrifice set during the city’s mythic founding. In a society startlingly preoccupied with cult ritual, this story was at the core of what it meant to be Athenian. Connelly reveals a world that beggars our popular notions of Athens as a city of staid philosophers, rationalists, and rhetoricians, a world in which our modern secular conception of democracy would have been simply incomprehensible. The Parthenon’s full significance has been obscured until now owing in no small part, Connelly argues, to the frieze’s dismemberment. And so her investigation concludes with a call to reunite the pieces, in order that what is perhaps the greatest single work of art surviving from antiquity may be viewed more nearly as its makers intended. Marshalling a breathtaking range of textual and visual evidence, full of fresh insights woven into a thrilling narrative that brings the distant past to life, The Parthenon Enigma is sure to become a landmark in our understanding of the civilization from which we claim cultural descent.

The Elgin Marbles

Author : Christopher Hitchens
Publisher : Verso
ISBN 13 : 9781859842201
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis The Elgin Marbles by : Christopher Hitchens

Download or read book The Elgin Marbles written by Christopher Hitchens and published by Verso. This book was released on 1997 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Elgin Marbles, designed and executed by Phidias to adorn the Parthenon, are some of the most beautiful sculptures of ancient Greece. In 1801 Lord Elgin, then British ambassador to the Turkish government in Athens, had pieces of the frieze sawn off and removed to Britain, where they remain, igniting a storm of controversy which has continued to the present day. In the first full-length work on this fiercely debated issue, Christopher Hitchens recounts the history of these precious sculptures and forcefully makes the case for their return to Greece. Drawing out the artistic, moral, legal and political perspectives of the argument, Hitchens's eloquent prose makes The Elgin Marbles an invaluable contribution to one of the most important cultural controversies of our times.

Parthenon

Author : David Stuttard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780714122847
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (228 download)

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Book Synopsis Parthenon by : David Stuttard

Download or read book Parthenon written by David Stuttard and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Parthenon is one of the world's most iconic buildings: today, its silhouette symbolizes Greece. Built on the rocky acropolis of Athens in the aftermath of the devastating invasion of Xerxes, the Parthenon was part temple to Athene, part war memorial, part treasure trove of some of the most outstanding art of its age. Parthenon: Power and Politics on the Acropolis takes the reader through the dramatic story of the conception and creation of the Parthenon, setting it against a turbule nt historical background and rooting the building firmly in the real and mythological landscape of Athens. Written as a pacy, narrative history, the text features a cast of memorable characters, including Themistocles, the general whose decision to eva cuat e Athens led to the Persian sack of the acropolis; Pericl es, visionary statesman and mastermind of the Athens' building project; and Pheidi as, who created the cult statue of Athene, and narrowly escaped impeachment for embezzlement. Beautifully illustrated with evocative site photography, details from the Parthenon sculptures and other related artworks from the superb collection of the British Museum, this book explores the Parthenon as the spiritual heart of a network of commanding buildings, de vised by Pericles and continued by his successors to promote the power of Athens as leader of the Greek world.

The Parthenon

Author : Mary Beard
Publisher : Profile Books
ISBN 13 : 1847650635
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (476 download)

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Book Synopsis The Parthenon by : Mary Beard

Download or read book The Parthenon written by Mary Beard and published by Profile Books. This book was released on 2010-12-09 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ruined silhouette of the Parthenon on its hill above Athens is one of the world's most famous images. Its 'looted' Elgin Marbles are a global cause celebre. But what actually are they? In a revised and updated edition, Mary Beard, award winning writer, reviewer and leading Cambridge classicist, tells the history and explains the significance of the Parthenon, the temple of the virgin goddess Athena, the divine patroness of ancient Athens.

The Classical Parthenon

Author : William St Clair
Publisher : Open Book Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1800643470
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis The Classical Parthenon by : William St Clair

Download or read book The Classical Parthenon written by William St Clair and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2022-08-24 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complementing Who Saved the Parthenon? this companion volume sets aside more recent narratives surrounding the Athenian Acropolis, supposedly ‘the very symbol of democracy itself’, instead asking if we can truly access an ancient past imputed with modern meaning. And, if so, how? In this book William St Clair presents a reconstructed understanding of the Parthenon from within the classical Athenian worldview. He explores its role and meaning by weaving together a range of textual and visual sources into two innovative oratorical experiments – a speech in the style of Thucydides and a first-century CE rhetorical exercise – which are used to develop a narrative analysis of the temple structure, revealing a strange story of indigeneity, origins, and empire. The Classical Parthenon offers new answers to old questions, such as the riddle of the Parthenon frieze, and provides a framing device for the wider relationship between visual artefacts, built heritage, and layers of accumulated cultural rhetoric. This groundbreaking and pertinent work will appeal across the disciplines to readers interested in the classics, art history, and the nature of history, while also speaking to a general audience that is interrogating the role of monuments in contemporary society.

The Stones of the Parthenon

Author : Manolēs Korres
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Stones of the Parthenon by : Manolēs Korres

Download or read book The Stones of the Parthenon written by Manolēs Korres and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2000 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most visitors to the Acropolis in Athens pause to wonder how the large marble pieces were hauled up the sacred mount. In fact, even with today's far more advanced construction equipment, it would be impossible to match the precision with which the ancient builders built the imposing structures of the Parthenon in just eight years! The Stones of the Parthenon is a riveting investigation of the technological achievements of the ancient Greeks. This highly readable account explains how an 11-ton Doric column capital was quarried and transported to Athens. The author's intricate line drawings clearly illustrate the methods and tools employed in the accomplishment of this feat of ancient craftsmanship.

The Parthenon Sculptures

Author : Ian Dennis Jenkins
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674026926
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (269 download)

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Book Synopsis The Parthenon Sculptures by : Ian Dennis Jenkins

Download or read book The Parthenon Sculptures written by Ian Dennis Jenkins and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Parthenon sculptures in the British Museum are unrivaled examples of classical Greek art, an inspiration to artists and writers since their creation in the fifth century bce. A superb visual introduction to these wonders of antiquity, this book offers a photographic tour of the most famous of the surviving sculptures from ancient Greece, viewed within their cultural and art-historical context. Ian Jenkins offers an account of the history of the Parthenon and its architectural refinements. He introduces the sculptures as architecture--pediments, metopes, Ionic frieze--and provides an overview of their subject matter and possible meaning for the people of ancient Athens. Accompanying photographs focus on the pediment sculptures that filled the triangular gables at each end of the temple; the metopes that crowned the architrave surmounting the outer columns; and the frieze that ran around the four sides of the building, inside the colonnade. Comparative images, showing the sculptures in full and fine detail, bring out particular features of design and help to contrast Greek ideas with those of other cultures. The book further reflects on how, over 2,500 years, the cultural identity of the Parthenon sculptures has changed. In particular, Jenkins expands on the irony of our intimate knowledge and appreciation of the sculptures--a relationship far more intense than that experienced by their ancient, intended spectators--as they have been transformed from architectural ornaments into objects of art.

The Parthenon Marbles and International Law

Author : Catharine Titi
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303126357X
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis The Parthenon Marbles and International Law by : Catharine Titi

Download or read book The Parthenon Marbles and International Law written by Catharine Titi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-24 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Parthenon marbles case is the most famous international cultural heritage dispute concerning repatriation of looted antiquities, the Parthenon marbles in the British Museum’s ‘Elgin Collection’. The case has polarised observers ever since Elgin had the marbles hacked out of the ancient temple at the turn of the 19th century in Ottoman-occupied Athens. In 1816, a debt-stricken Elgin sold the marbles to the British government, which subsequently entrusted them to the British Museum, where they have remained since then. Much ink has been spilled on the Parthenon marbles. The ethical and cultural merits of their repatriation have been fiercely debated for years. But what has generally not been considered are the legal merits of their return in light of contemporary international law. This book is the first in legal scholarship to provide an international law perspective of the cause célèbre of international cultural heritage disputes and, in doing so, to clarify the new customary international law on the return of cultural property unlawfully removed from its original context. The book, which includes a foreword by Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, is a unique reference work on the legal case for the return of the Parthenon marbles and the new normative framework for the protection of cultural heritage.

The Parthenon Marbles Dispute

Author : Alexander Herman
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509967192
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis The Parthenon Marbles Dispute by : Alexander Herman

Download or read book The Parthenon Marbles Dispute written by Alexander Herman and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-09-21 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are we still arguing over the Parthenon Marbles? This book offers a fresh take on the history of those famous pieces of ancient sculpture removed from the Acropolis in Athens by Lord Elgin's men in the early 19th century. It explains how they became the cause célèbre of the larger debates around cultural heritage and restitution now taking place. The subject is one that is currently embroiling museums, governments, universities and the public at large. Herman provides a balanced, thorough and critical account of the history of the Marbles, while considering the legalities of their initial removal and the ethics of their retention by the British Museum. It incorporates the views of curators, museum directors, lawyers, archaeologists, politicians and others in both London and Athens. It explains why this particular dispute has not been satisfactorily resolved, and suggests new ways of seeking resolution for the Parthenon Marbles and for the many other cultural treasures held in museum collections outside their countries of origin. The book sets out a way forward for this famously intractable dispute, one based on evidence of past practice, legal rules around the transfer of cultural objects and the role of museums in negotiating international exchanges.

The Treasures of the Parthenon and Erechtheion

Author : Diane Harris
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780198149408
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (494 download)

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Book Synopsis The Treasures of the Parthenon and Erechtheion by : Diane Harris

Download or read book The Treasures of the Parthenon and Erechtheion written by Diane Harris and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two hundred fragments of these stelai which have survived are the only evidence for these cult objects, gifts to Athena, and treasures of the city, since the items themselves have long since vanished - either stolen, melted down, or disintegrated. This volume presents the evidence for these ancient treasures for the first time, and provides data with important implications for the history of Athens and Greek religion. Chapters include a history of the treasures on the Acropolis, catalogues of each object kept in the Opisthodomus, Proneos, Parthenon, Hekatompedos Neos, and Erechtheion, and an analysis of the individual worshippers and allied-city states who gave gifts and offerings to their goddess, Athena.

From Pentelicon to the Parthenon

Author : Manolēs Korres
Publisher : Melissa Publishing House
ISBN 13 : 9789602040171
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis From Pentelicon to the Parthenon by : Manolēs Korres

Download or read book From Pentelicon to the Parthenon written by Manolēs Korres and published by Melissa Publishing House. This book was released on 1995 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises two parts: the first presents, in the form of 22 full-page drawings, the story of a doric column capital (weighing some 12 tonnes) and of the men who hewed it from the quarry and transported it to the Acropolis. The second part discusses the ancient Pentelic marble quarries, their function and the stages of their development.

The Parthenon

Author : Jenifer Neils
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521820936
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis The Parthenon by : Jenifer Neils

Download or read book The Parthenon written by Jenifer Neils and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-05 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an overview of a classical monument interjected with the discoveries of modern scholarship.

The Parthenon Marbles

Author : Christopher Hitchens
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1786631822
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (866 download)

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Book Synopsis The Parthenon Marbles by : Christopher Hitchens

Download or read book The Parthenon Marbles written by Christopher Hitchens and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2016-06-14 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fascinating history of an art world scandal—the seizure and sale of Ancient Greek sculptures to the British Museum—and a passionate cry for their return to the Parthenon in Athens. The Parthenon Marbles (formerly known as the Elgin Marbles), designed and executed by Pheidias to adorn the Parthenon, are perhaps the greatest of all classical sculptures. In 1801, Lord Elgin, then ambassador to the Turkish government, had chunks of the frieze sawn off and shipped to England, where they were subsequently seized by Parliament and sold to the British Museum to help pay off his debts. This scandal, exacerbated by the inept handling of the sculptures by their self-appointed guardians, remains unresolved to this day. In his fierce, eloquent account of a shameful piece of British imperial history, Christopher Hitchens makes the moral, artistic, legal, and political case for re-unifying the Parthenon frieze in Athens. The opening of the New Acropolis Museum emphatically trumps the British Museum’s long-standing (if always questionable) objection that there is nowhere in Athens to house the Parthenon Marbles. With contributions by Nadine Gordimer and Professor Charalambos Bouras, The Parthenon Marbles will surely end all arguments about where these great treasures belong, and help bring a two-centuries-old disgrace to a just conclusion.

The Rescue Ships and the Convoys

Author : B.B. Schofield
Publisher : Pen and Sword Maritime
ISBN 13 : 1036102696
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (361 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rescue Ships and the Convoys by : B.B. Schofield

Download or read book The Rescue Ships and the Convoys written by B.B. Schofield and published by Pen and Sword Maritime. This book was released on 2024-06-30 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rescue Ships and the Convoys tells the history of one of the least known aspects of Second World War maritime history. Despite the threat of heavy losses of ships and lives, no hospital ships, which had to be lit, could accompany the convoys as they would betray a convoy’s position. The solution was to create a fleet of 30 small Merchant Navy vessels of about 1,500 gross tons, mostly from coastal trade. These ‘Rescue Ships’, commanded and manned by Merchant Navy personnel, carried medical teams, and life-saving equipment including operating theaters, hospital beds, ‘Carley’ floats, and hoists. Undeterred either by either enemy action or atrocious weather conditions, these vessels accompanied close to 800 convoys and saved 4,194 lives from ships sunk in the North Atlantic and with the Arctic convoys. During their service, seven Rescue Ships were lost. This is a story packed with suspense, danger, achievement and tragedy. As the author, Vice Admiral Schofield, who was closely involved in the establishment of the fleet, writes, it is a record ‘of great humanitarian endeavour, of superb acts of courage, of a display of seamanship of the highest order, of a devotion to duty by medical officers under the most arduous conditions imaginable, of great deeds by men of the Merchant Navy in little ships on voyages they were never designed to undertake.’

Where Is the Parthenon?

Author : Roberta Edwards
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0399542930
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis Where Is the Parthenon? by : Roberta Edwards

Download or read book Where Is the Parthenon? written by Roberta Edwards and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2016-01-19 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the ruins of the Parthenon, one of the most famous and beautiful places in the world! Athens, Greece, is best known for the Parthenon, the ruins of an ancient temple completed in 438 BC to honor the goddess Athena. But what many people don't know is that it only served as a temple for a couple hundred years. It then became a church, then a mosque, and by the end of the 1600s served as a storehouse for munitions. When an enemy army fired hundreds of cannon balls at the Acropolis, one directly hit the Parthenon. Much of the sculpture was destroyed, three hundred people died, and the site fell into ruin. Today, visitors continue to flock to this world famous landmark, which has become a symbol for Ancient Greece, democracy, and modern civilization. Includes black-and-white illustrations and a foldout color map!