Who Guidelines On Tularaemia

Download Who Guidelines On Tularaemia full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Who Guidelines On Tularaemia ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

WHO Guidelines on Tularaemia

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241547375
Total Pages : 125 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis WHO Guidelines on Tularaemia by : World Health Organization

Download or read book WHO Guidelines on Tularaemia written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2007-12-15 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tularaemia is a bacterial zoonotic disease of the northern hemisphere. The bacterium (Francisella tularensis) is highly virulent for humans and a range of animals such as rodents hares and rabbits. Humans can infect themselves by direct contact with infected animals by arthropod bites by ingestion of contaminated water or food or by inhalation of infective aerosols. There is no human-to-human transmission. In addition to its natural occurrence F. tularensis evokes great concern as a potential bioterrorism agent. F. tularensis subspecies tularensis is one of the most infectious pathogens known in human medicine. In order to avoid laboratory-associated infection safety measures are needed and consequently clinical laboratories do not generally accept specimens for culture. However since clinical management of cases depends on early recognition there is an urgent need for diagnostic services. This first edition of WHO Guidelines on tularaemia provides background information on the disease describes the current best practices for its diagnosis and treatments in humans suggests measures to be taken in case of epidemics and provides guidance on how to handle F. tularensis in the laboratory. The target audience includes clinicians laboratory personnel public health workers veterinarians and any other person with an interest in zoonoses.

Who Guidelines on Tularaemia

Author : Organizzazione mondiale della sanità
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 115 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (822 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Who Guidelines on Tularaemia by : Organizzazione mondiale della sanità

Download or read book Who Guidelines on Tularaemia written by Organizzazione mondiale della sanità and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Anthrax in Humans and Animals

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241547537
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Anthrax in Humans and Animals by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Anthrax in Humans and Animals written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourth edition of the anthrax guidelines encompasses a systematic review of the extensive new scientific literature and relevant publications up to end 2007 including all the new information that emerged in the 3-4 years after the anthrax letter events. This updated edition provides information on the disease and its importance, its etiology and ecology, and offers guidance on the detection, diagnostic, epidemiology, disinfection and decontamination, treatment and prophylaxis procedures, as well as control and surveillance processes for anthrax in humans and animals. With two rounds of a rigorous peer-review process, it is a relevant source of information for the management of anthrax in humans and animals.

Caring for People who Sniff Petrol Or Other Volatile Substances

Author : National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781864965223
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (652 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Caring for People who Sniff Petrol Or Other Volatile Substances by : National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia)

Download or read book Caring for People who Sniff Petrol Or Other Volatile Substances written by National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These guidelines provide recommendations that outline the critical aspects of infection prevention and control. The recommendations were developed using the best available evidence and consensus methods by the Infection Control Steering Committee. They have been prioritised as key areas to prevent and control infection in a healthcare facility. It is recognised that the level of risk may differ according to the different types of facility and therefore some recommendations should be justified by risk assessment. When implementing these recommendations all healthcare facilities need to consider the risk of transmission of infection and implement according to their specific setting and circumstances.

Communicable Disease Control and Health Protection Handbook

Author : Jeremy Hawker
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119328047
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (193 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Communicable Disease Control and Health Protection Handbook by : Jeremy Hawker

Download or read book Communicable Disease Control and Health Protection Handbook written by Jeremy Hawker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-02-04 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential guide to controlling and managing today’s communicable diseases The fourth edition of Communicable Disease Control and Health Protection Handbook offers public health workers of all kinds an authoritative and up-to-date guide to current protocols surrounding the identification and control of infectious diseases. With its concise, accessible design, the book is a practical tool that can be relied upon to explain topics ranging from the basic principles of communicable disease control to recent changes and innovations in health protection practice. Major syndromes and individual infections are insightfully addressed, while the authors also outline the WHO’s international health regulations and the organizational arrangements in place in all EU nations. New to the fourth edition are chapters on Ebola, the Zika virus, and other emerging pandemics. In addition, new writing on healthcare-associated infection, migrant and refugee health, and the importance of preparedness make this an essential and relevant text for all those in the field. This vital resource: Reflects recent developments in the science and administration of health protection practice Covers topics such as major syndromes, control of individual infections, main services and activities, arrangements for all European countries, and much more Includes new chapters on the Zika virus, Schistosomiasis, Coronavirus including MERS + SARS, and Ebola Follows a format designed for ease of use and everyday consultation Created to provide public and environmental health practitioners, physicians, epidemiologists, infection control nurses, microbiologists and trainees with a straightforward – yet informative – resource, Communicable Disease Control and Health Protection Handbook is a practical companion for all those working the field today.

Global Public Health

Author : Franklin White
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199876991
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Global Public Health by : Franklin White

Download or read book Global Public Health written by Franklin White and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-21 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amid ongoing shifts in the world economic and political order, the promise for future public health is tenuous. Will today's economic systems sustain tomorrow's health? Will future generations inherit fair access to health and health care? An important hope for the health of future generations is the establishment of a well-grounded, global public health system. Global Public Health: Ecological Foundations addresses both the challenges and cooperative solutions of contemporary public health, within a framework of social justice, environmental sustainability, and global cooperation. With an emphasis on ecological foundations, this book approaches public health principles-history, foundations, topics, and applications-with a community-oriented perspective. By achieving global reach through cooperative, community-based interventions, this text illustrates that the practical application of public health principles can help maintain the health of the world's people. Blending established wisdom with new perspectives, Global Public Health will stimulate better understanding of how the different streams of public health can work more synergistically to promote global health equity. It is a foundation for future public health measures to be built and to succeed.

Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9789241546164
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (461 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Communicable Disease Control in Emergencies written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2005 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This field manual is intended to help health professionals and public health coordinators working in emergency situations prevent, detect and control the major communicable diseases encountered by affected populations. The manual is the result of collaboration among a number of WHO departments and several external partner agencies in reviewing existing guidelines on communicable disease control and adapting them to emergency situations. The manual deals with the fundamental principles of communicable disease control in emergencies, which are: Rapid assessment to identify the communicable disease threats faced by the emergency-affected population, including those with epidemic potential, and define the health status of the population by conducting a rapid assessment; Prevention to prevent communicable disease by maintaining a healthy physical environment and good general living conditions; Surveillance to set up or strengthen disease surveillance system with an early warning mechanism to ensure the early reporting of cases to monitor disease trends, and to facilitate prompt detection and response to outbreaks; outbreak control to ensure outbreaks are rapidly detected and controlled through adequate preparedness (i.e. stockpiles, standard treatment protocols and staff training) and rapid response (i.e.confirmation, investigation and implementation of control measures); and disease management to diagnose and treat cases promptly with trained staff using effective treatment and standard protocols at all health facilities.

The Prokaryotes

Author : Edward F. DeLong
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783642389214
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (892 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Prokaryotes by : Edward F. DeLong

Download or read book The Prokaryotes written by Edward F. DeLong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Prokaryotes is a comprehensive, multi-authored, peer reviewed reference work on Bacteria and Achaea. This fourth edition of The Prokaryotes is organized to cover all taxonomic diversity, using the family level to delineate chapters. Different from other resources, this new Springer product includes not only taxonomy, but also prokaryotic biology and technology of taxa in a broad context. Technological aspects highlight the usefulness of prokaryotes in processes and products, including biocontrol agents and as genetics tools. The content of the expanded fourth edition is divided into two parts: Part 1 contains review chapters dealing with the most important general concepts in molecular, applied and general prokaryote biology; Part 2 describes the known properties of specific taxonomic groups. Two completely new sections have been added to Part 1: bacterial communities and human bacteriology. The bacterial communities section reflects the growing realization that studies on pure cultures of bacteria have led to an incomplete picture of the microbial world for two fundamental reasons: the vast majority of bacteria in soil, water and associated with biological tissues are currently not culturable, and that an understanding of microbial ecology requires knowledge on how different bacterial species interact with each other in their natural environment. The new section on human microbiology deals with bacteria associated with healthy humans and bacterial pathogenesis. Each of the major human diseases caused by bacteria is reviewed, from identifying the pathogens by classical clinical and non-culturing techniques to the biochemical mechanisms of the disease process. The 4th edition of The Prokaryotes is the most complete resource on the biology of prokaryotes. The following volumes are published consecutively within the 4th Edition: Prokaryotic Biology and Symbiotic Associations Prokaryotic Communities and Ecophysiology Prokaryotic Physiology and Biochemistry Applied Bacteriology and Biotechnology Human Microbiology Actinobacteria Firmicutes Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria Other Major Lineages of Bacteria and the Archaea

Highly Infectious Diseases in Critical Care

Author : Jorge Hidalgo
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030338037
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Highly Infectious Diseases in Critical Care by : Jorge Hidalgo

Download or read book Highly Infectious Diseases in Critical Care written by Jorge Hidalgo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of highly infectious diseases (HIDs) in the ICU. The text is designed to help critical care specialists and other healthcare practitioners prepare and plan for potential outbreaks of emerging or resurgent HIDs, lead a team in the ICU, perform emergency triage, and provide care for patients with a HID. The book also reviews some of the most prevalent highly infectious diseases, including influenza, SARS, plague, anthrax, and malaria. Written by experts in the field, Highly Infectious Diseases in Critical Care: A Comprehensive Clinical Guide is a valuable resource for critical care and infectious disease specialists who treat patients afflicted with a highly infectious disease in the ICU.

Public Health Significance of Urban Pests

Author : Xavier Bonnefoy
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9289071885
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (89 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Public Health Significance of Urban Pests by : Xavier Bonnefoy

Download or read book Public Health Significance of Urban Pests written by Xavier Bonnefoy and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century witnessed important changes in ecology, climate and human behaviour that favoured the development of urban pests. Most alarmingly, urban planners now face the dramatic expansion of urban sprawl, in which city suburbs are growing into the natural habitats of ticks, rodents and other pests. Also, many city managers now erroneously assume that pest-borne diseases are relics of the past. All these changes make timely a new analysis of the direct and indirect effects of present-day urban pests on health. Such an analysis should lead to the development of strategies to manage them and reduce the risk of exposure. To this end, WHO invited international experts in various fields - pests, pest-related diseases and pest management - to provide evidence on which to base policies. These experts identified the public health risk posed by various pests and appropriate measures to prevent and control them. This book presents their conclusions and formulates policy options for all levels of decision-making to manage pests and pest-related diseases in the future. [Ed.]

Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases E-Book

Author : Edward T Ryan
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323625509
Total Pages : 1264 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (236 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases E-Book by : Edward T Ryan

Download or read book Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases E-Book written by Edward T Ryan and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 1264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New emerging diseases, new diagnostic modalities for resource-poor settings, new vaccine schedules ... all significant, recent developments in the fast-changing field of tropical medicine. Hunter’s Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10th Edition, keeps you up to date with everything from infectious diseases and environmental issues through poisoning and toxicology, animal injuries, and nutritional and micronutrient deficiencies that result from traveling to tropical or subtropical regions. This comprehensive resource provides authoritative clinical guidance, useful statistics, and chapters covering organs, skills, and services, as well as traditional pathogen-based content. You’ll get a full understanding of how to recognize and treat these unique health issues, no matter how widespread or difficult to control. Includes important updates on malaria, leishmaniasis, tuberculosis and HIV, as well as coverage of Ebola, Zika virus, Chikungunya, and other emerging pathogens. Provides new vaccine schedules and information on implementation. Features five all-new chapters: Neglected Tropical Diseases: Public Health Control Programs and Mass Drug Administration; Health System and Health Care Delivery; Zika; Medical Entomology; and Vector Control – as well as 250 new images throughout. Presents the common characteristics and methods of transmission for each tropical disease, as well as the applicable diagnosis, treatment, control, and disease prevention techniques. Contains skills-based chapters such as dentistry, neonatal pediatrics and ICMI, and surgery in the tropics, and service-based chapters such as transfusion in resource-poor settings, microbiology, and imaging. Discusses maladies such as delusional parasitosis that are often seen in returning travelers, including those making international adoptions, transplant patients, medical tourists, and more.

Waterborne Disease

Author : Paul Hunter
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471966463
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (664 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Waterborne Disease by : Paul Hunter

Download or read book Waterborne Disease written by Paul Hunter and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1997-12-29 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water borne disease is responsible for millions of deaths worldwide every year. Within both developed and developing countries the demand for clean drinking and bathing water is ever increasing and the control of water borne disease is therefore of extreme importance. The book first addresses the magnitude of the problem, with subsequent chapters on specific diseases including Crytosporidiosis, Schistosomiasis, legionellosis and viral gastrointeritis. Concluding chapters discuss practical control issues such as basic water treatment and the problems of water borne disease control in less developed countries.

Molecular Detection of Human Bacterial Pathogens

Author : Dongyou Liu
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439812381
Total Pages : 1282 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Molecular Detection of Human Bacterial Pathogens by : Dongyou Liu

Download or read book Molecular Detection of Human Bacterial Pathogens written by Dongyou Liu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-04-18 with total page 1282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As more original molecular protocols and subsequent modifications are described in the literature, it has become difficult for those not directly involved in the development of these protocols to know which are most appropriate to adopt for accurate identification of bacterial pathogens. Molecular Detection of Human Bacterial Pathogens addresses this issue, with international scientists in respective bacterial pathogen research and diagnosis providing expert summaries on current diagnostic approaches for major human bacterial pathogens. Each chapter consists of a brief review on the classification, epidemiology, clinical features, and diagnosis of an important pathogenic bacterial genus, an outline of clinical sample collection and preparation procedures, a selection of representative stepwise molecular protocols, and a discussion on further research requirements relating to improved diagnosis. This book represents a reliable and convenient reference on molecular detection and identification of major human bacterial pathogens; an indispensable tool for upcoming and experienced medical, veterinary, and industrial laboratory scientists engaged in bacterial characterization; and an essential textbook for undergraduate and graduate students in microbiology.

Human Diseases from Wildlife

Author : Michael R. Conover
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466562145
Total Pages : 554 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Human Diseases from Wildlife by : Michael R. Conover

Download or read book Human Diseases from Wildlife written by Michael R. Conover and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-09-18 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Diseases from Wildlife presents information on the most prevalent and serious zoonotic diseases in the US and Canada, some of which have been national headline news like anthrax, influenza, and West Nile virus. Diseases that are caused by pathogens with the ability to infect both humans and animals are known as zoonotic diseases, which literally means "disease from animals." The issue of human–wildlife disease interactions is a growing concern as humans continue to interface with wildlife. People who handle wildlife including field workers, wildlife professionals, trappers, and hunters want to know about potential diseases, risks, and how to protect themselves from disease. This book was written because many people are uninformed about zoonotic diseases. This lack of information causes some people to have a heightened fear of zoonotic diseases, preventing them from enjoying wildlife or spending time outdoors. Other people needlessly expose themselves to disease by neglecting simple precautions. This book includes information on bacterial, spirochetal, rickettsial, and viral diseases as well as macroparasites and emerging zoonotic diseases. More than two dozen diseases are covered including rabies, tularemia, baylisascariasis, salmonellosis, leprosy, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and swimmer’s itch. Each chapter contains the history of the disease, symptoms in humans, medical treatment, transmission of pathogens to humans, the role of wildlife as vectors, and methods to minimize risk. The diseases people can contract from wild animals can be both threatening and fascinating, and the book includes interesting information to make it more enjoyable to read.

Treatment of Skin Disease E-Book

Author : Mark G. Lebwohl
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0702069132
Total Pages : 912 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Treatment of Skin Disease E-Book by : Mark G. Lebwohl

Download or read book Treatment of Skin Disease E-Book written by Mark G. Lebwohl and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2017-09-19 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering more than 250 of the most common dermatologic conditions from A to Z, Treatment of Skin Disease, 5th Edition, by Drs. Mark G. Lebwohl, Warren R. Heymann, John Berth-Jones, and Ian Coulson, is your go-to resource for authoritative, evidence-based treatment strategies in your daily practice. This award-winning text provides guidance on the fast-moving dermatological therapy options for virtually any skin disease you’re likely to encounter, including third-line and unusual therapies when initial options have not been successful. Summaries of each treatment strategy are accompanied by detailed discussions of treatment choices, with ratings on a consistent scale ranging from clinical studies to anecdotal reports. Puts every possible therapeutic option at your disposal – including management strategies and first- to third-line therapies – for a truly complete guide to the vast array of dermatologic treatment options. Presents information in a consistent, tabular format, with checklists of diagnostic and investigative pearls and color-coded boxes for quick reference. Offers the combined knowledge and expertise of the world’s leading authorities in dermatology. Features eight all-new chapters on Atypical Fibroxanthoma, Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis, Cryopyrin Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS), Hypopigmented Dermatoses, Nail Psoriasis, Necrolytic Acral Erythema, Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation, and Regional Pain. Provides more than 250 full-color clinical images of skin diseases, most of which are new to this edition. Includes off-label uses, new treatments like therapeutic antibodies and hedgehog inhibitors, and new indications for existing treatments.

Basic Microbiology and Infection Control for Midwives

Author : Elisabeth Presterl
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030020266
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Basic Microbiology and Infection Control for Midwives by : Elisabeth Presterl

Download or read book Basic Microbiology and Infection Control for Midwives written by Elisabeth Presterl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-26 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an evidence-based, practical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of the most frequent fungal infections in a general hospital. It offers a comprehensive overview of the basic medical and scientific background of fungal infections and carefully explains and discusses epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation. Readers will acquire a good and clear perception of invasive fungal infections, including diagnosis and treatment. This user-friendly resource not only serves as a valuable tool in clinical management, but also provides the basis for further research questions and studies in this particular field. It will be a useful companion for midwives as well as for doctors, medical and pharmacy students, nurses and other healthcare professionals.

Tularemia: Epidemiology, Ecology, Genomics, Immunity and Pathogenesis

Author : Marina Santic
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889633632
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Tularemia: Epidemiology, Ecology, Genomics, Immunity and Pathogenesis by : Marina Santic

Download or read book Tularemia: Epidemiology, Ecology, Genomics, Immunity and Pathogenesis written by Marina Santic and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tularemia is a severe anthropozoonosis caused by Francisella tularensis. The genus Francisella contains five species: F. tularensis, F. philomiragia, F. hispaniensis, F. noatunensis and F. novicida. First described in 1911 in Tulare County, California, it has since been reported worldwide, capable of infecting more than 250 vertebrates and invertebrate species. Although it causes disease in various animal species, no animal has been identified as a main reservoir of this pathogen. Humans acquire infection by several routes, including direct contact with infected animals, ingestion of water or food contaminated by infected animals, exposure to infected arthropod vectors or by inhalation of infective aerosols resulting in pneumonic, oropharyngeal, glandular, ulceroglandular or oculoglandular tularemia. The clinical presentation of human tularemia depends on route of the infection, the causative Francisella strain, and the immune response of the host. A live attenuated vaccine (LVS) has been available for more than 50 years, however, unlikely to become licensed in the future due to a lack of understanding of the genetic basis for its attenuation. Due to the ease of its dissemination, its multiple routes of infection, its low dose of infection, severe morbidity, and high rate of mortality, F. tularensis subsp. tularensis has been classified as a category A bioterrorism agent by the CDC. Many virulence factors of F. tularensis have been discovered and investigated, but more in-depth host pathogen interaction analyses are needed to define mechanisms of pathogenicity and virulence of this unique pathogen.