Where Equal Opportunity Fails

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Schools and the Equal Opportunity Problem

Author : Ludger Woessmann
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026223257X
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis Schools and the Equal Opportunity Problem by : Ludger Woessmann

Download or read book Schools and the Equal Opportunity Problem written by Ludger Woessmann and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading researchers from the United States and Europe report on new findings on the effect of education on equal opportunity, using economic and statistical techniques to assess the results of education policy reform in countries including the United States, Britain, Sweden, Germany, and Italy. Much educational research today is focused on assessing reforms that are intended to create equal opportunity for all students. Many current policies aim at concentrating extra resources on the disadvantaged. The state-of-the-art research in Schools and the Equal Opportunity Problem suggests, however, that even sizeable differential spending on the disadvantaged will not yield an equality of results. In this CESifo volume, leading scholars from the United States and Europe use the tools of economics to assess the outcome of efforts to solve education's equal opportunity problem in a range of countries, including the United States, Britain, Germany, Sweden, and Italy. The evidence shows some routes for advancement--testing with high performance standards, for example, and well-designed school choice--but also raises considerable doubts about whether many current school policies are effective in dramatically altering the opportunity structure. The evidence presented also calls into question the idea that causal peer effects are very strong. The contributors examine such topics as the link between education and parental income, the problematic past research on peer effects, tracking, the distribution of educational outcomes, human capital policy aimed at disadvantaged students, and private/public school choice. The research suggests that achieving universal primary and secondary education is both urgently needed and feasible. Will the international community commit the necessary economic, human, and political resources? The challenge, say the editors, is "as inspiring and formidable... as any extraterrestrial adventures--and far more likely to enrich and improve life on earth."

How to Make Opportunity Equal

Author : Paul Gomberg
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 047069162X
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis How to Make Opportunity Equal by : Paul Gomberg

Download or read book How to Make Opportunity Equal written by Paul Gomberg and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This critical examination of racial equality takes a new approach to breaking down racial barriers by proposing a system of equal opportunity through shared labor and contributive justice. Focuses on how race and class inevitably structure vastly unequal life prospects Shows how human society can be organized in a way that does not socialize children for lives of routine labour Looks towards contribution, not distribution, as a way to promote racial equality Argues that by sharing routine and complex labor, social relationships would be transformed, eliminating competition for limited opportunities to develop and contribute abilities A discussion board for ideas and comments relating to the book can be found at: http://howtomakeopportunityequal.blogspot.com/

Against Equality of Opportunity

Author : Matt Cavanagh
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191584045
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Against Equality of Opportunity by : Matt Cavanagh

Download or read book Against Equality of Opportunity written by Matt Cavanagh and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2002-02-14 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against Equality of Opportunity deals with the ways in which opportunities - education, jobs and other things which affect how people get on in life - are distributed. Take jobs: should the best person always get the job? Or should everyone be given an equal 'life chance'? Or can we somehow combine these two ideas, saying that the best person should always get the job, but that everyone should have an equal chance to become the best? These seem to be the standard views, but this book argues that they are all flawed. We need to understand meritocracy for what it is - a technical rather than a moral ideal; and we need to accept that equality just isn't something we should be striving for at all in this area. We also need to rethink our approach to the related issue of discrimination. We tend to assume discrimination is wrong because it violates either meritocracy or equality, when in fact it is wrong for quite different reasons. In all these areas, then, Cavanagh aims to loosen the grip of established ways of thinking, in order that other ideas might find room to breathe. This is particularly important in the case of meritocracy, which after the recent conversion of the centre-left now dominates the debate more than ever. This book will be of interest to students and teachers of political philosophy, but ultimately it is aimed at anyone who cares about the fundamental values that lie behind the way society is organized. Though the argument is rigorous, it does not require a professional philosophical training to follow it.

Failing Boys?

Author : Debbie Epstein
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
ISBN 13 : 0335231500
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (352 download)

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Book Synopsis Failing Boys? by : Debbie Epstein

Download or read book Failing Boys? written by Debbie Epstein and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 1998-11-16 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Failing Boys? Issues in Gender and Achievement challenges the widespread perception that all boys are underachieving at school. It raises the more important and critical questions of which boys? At what stage of education? And according to what criteria? The issues surrounding boys' 'underachievement' have been at the centre of public debate about education and the raising of standards in recent years. Media and political responses to the 'problem of boys' have tended to be simplistic, partial, and owe more to 'quick fixes' than investigation and research. Failing Boys? provides a detailed and nuanced 'case study' of the issues in the UK, which will be of international relevance as the moral panic is a globalised one, taking place in diverse countries. The contributors to this book take seriously the issues of boys' 'underachievement' inside and outside school from a critical perspective which draws on the insights of previous feminist studies of education to illuminate the problems associated with the education of boys. This will be a key text for educators, policy makers, students and teachers of education, sociology, gender studies and cultural studies and others interested in gender and achievement.

Equality of Opportunity

Author : John E. Roemer
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674042875
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Equality of Opportunity by : John E. Roemer

Download or read book Equality of Opportunity written by John E. Roemer and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Roemer points out that there are two views of equality of opportunity that are widely held today. The first, which he calls the nondiscrimination principle, states that in the competition for positions in society, individuals should be judged only on attributes relevant to the performance of the duties of the position in question. Attributes such as race or sex should not be taken into account. The second states that society should do what it can to level the playing field among persons who compete for positions, especially during their formative years, so that all those who have the relevant potential attributes can be considered. Common to both positions is that at some point the principle of equal opportunity holds individuals accountable for achievements of particular objectives, whether they be education, employment, health, or income. Roemer argues that there is consequently a "before" and an "after" in the notion of equality of opportunity: before the competition starts, opportunities must be equalized, by social intervention if need be; but after it begins, individuals are on their own. The different views of equal opportunity should be judged according to where they place the starting gate which separates "before" from "after." Roemer works out in a precise way how to determine the location of the starting gate in the different views.

The State of Access

Author : Jorrit De Jong
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815701764
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis The State of Access by : Jorrit De Jong

Download or read book The State of Access written by Jorrit De Jong and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2009-11-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Brookings Institution Press and Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation publication This book documents a worrisome gap between principles and practice in democratic governance. The State of Access is a comparative, cross-disciplinary exploration of the ways in which democratic institutions fail or succeed to create the equal opportunities that they have promised to deliver to the people they serve. In theory, rules and regulations may formally guarantee access to democratic processes, public services, and justice. But reality routinely disappoints, for a number of reasons—exclusionary policymaking, insufficient attention to minorities, underfunded institutions, inflexible bureaucracies. The State of Access helps close the gap between the potential and performance in democratic governance.

Oversight on Activities of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Subcommittee on Employment and Productivity
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Oversight on Activities of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Subcommittee on Employment and Productivity

Download or read book Oversight on Activities of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Subcommittee on Employment and Productivity and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Communities in Action

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Equal Opportunity in Housing

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 752 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Equal Opportunity in Housing by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights

Download or read book Equal Opportunity in Housing written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Equal Opportunity in Lending

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Equal Opportunity in Lending by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs

Download or read book Equal Opportunity in Lending written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Someone Has to Fail

Author : David F. Labaree
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674058860
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Someone Has to Fail by : David F. Labaree

Download or read book Someone Has to Fail written by David F. Labaree and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-01 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What do we really want from schools? Only everything, in all its contradictions. Most of all, we want access and opportunity for all children—but all possible advantages for our own. So argues historian David Labaree in this provocative look at the way “this archetype of dysfunction works so well at what we want it to do even as it evades what we explicitly ask it to do.” Ever since the common school movement of the nineteenth century, mass schooling has been seen as an essential solution to great social problems. Yet as wave after wave of reform movements have shown, schools are extremely difficult to change. Labaree shows how the very organization of the locally controlled, administratively limited school system makes reform difficult. At the same time, he argues, the choices of educational consumers have always overwhelmed top-down efforts at school reform. Individual families seek to use schools for their own purposes—to pursue social opportunity, if they need it, and to preserve social advantage, if they have it. In principle, we want the best for all children. In practice, we want the best for our own. Provocative, unflinching, wry, Someone Has to Fail looks at the way that unintended consequences of consumer choices have created an extraordinarily resilient educational system, perpetually expanding, perpetually unequal, constantly being reformed, and never changing much.

Irish Social Policy

Author : Dukelow, Fiona
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 1447329627
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (473 download)

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Book Synopsis Irish Social Policy by : Dukelow, Fiona

Download or read book Irish Social Policy written by Dukelow, Fiona and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2017-05-31 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the first edition of Irish Social Policy was published in 2009, Ireland's enduring economic crisis was only beginning to emerge. In the time since, nearly all areas of Irish social policy have been significantly affected, as policy makers have sought to combat the numerous, multifaceted social challenges posed by Ireland's economic downfall. Retaining the first edition's original structure and the same highly accessible style, this second edition of Irish Social Policy is fully updated and revised to reflect these dramatic shifts. Needs and risks associated with recession and economic precarity have escalated, while social services have simultaneously been forced to cope with significant cutbacks and restructuring. Changes in the landscape of policy making processes and policy drivers are also occurring, as are shifts in the politics and ideas underpinning Ireland's social policy. Particularly timely in light of these ongoing changes, this imperative book offers a comprehensive and in-depth introduction to social policy in the evolving Ireland of today.

Why Elections Fail

Author : Pippa Norris
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110705284X
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Elections Fail by : Pippa Norris

Download or read book Why Elections Fail written by Pippa Norris and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-07-08 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume compares international and institutional accounts as alternative perspectives to explain why elections fail to meet international standards.

Regulatory Program of the United States Government

Author : United States. Office of Management and Budget
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 732 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Regulatory Program of the United States Government by : United States. Office of Management and Budget

Download or read book Regulatory Program of the United States Government written by United States. Office of Management and Budget and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

American Education

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis American Education by :

Download or read book American Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Procedures for Affirmative Action

Author : United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Chicago Area Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Procedures for Affirmative Action by : United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Chicago Area Office

Download or read book Procedures for Affirmative Action written by United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Chicago Area Office and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Failed Promise of the American High School, 1890-1995

Author : David L. Angus
Publisher : Teachers College Press
ISBN 13 : 9780807738429
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis The Failed Promise of the American High School, 1890-1995 by : David L. Angus

Download or read book The Failed Promise of the American High School, 1890-1995 written by David L. Angus and published by Teachers College Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This provocative new study of the American high school examines the historical debates about curriculum policy and also traces changes in the institution itself, as evidenced by what students actually studied. Contrary to conventional accounts, the authors argue that beginning in the 1930s, American high schools shifted from institutions primarily concerned with academic and vocational education to institutions mainly focused on custodial care of adolescents. Claiming that these changes reflected educators' racial, class, and gender biases, the authors offer original suggestions for policy adjustments that may lead to greater educational equality for our ever-growing and ever more diverse population of students.