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What Is And What Is In Itself
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Book Synopsis What Is, and What Is In Itself by : Robert Merrihew Adams
Download or read book What Is, and What Is In Itself written by Robert Merrihew Adams and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-12-30 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is ''a systematic ontology.'' Ontology is the study of being as such, and a systematic ontology is an account of the most fundamental ways of being something or other - of what they are and of how they are related to each other. The questions it pursues are not primarily about what causes things, but about what things are or consist in - though causal questions cannot be totally avoided. The title of the work, What Is, and What Is in Itself, marks the most important distinction in ways of being. What is includes everything there is, but not everything there is included in what is in itself. The first five chapters of the book define and examine the ways of being: in chapters 1 and 2, being actual or existing, or even just being something without existing or being actual; in chapter 3, being an intentional object, and perhaps a merely intentional object; in chapter 4, relations between things and their properties; and in chapter 5, being a thing in itself. Chapter 6 discusses whether only conscious beings are things in themselves, and suggests an affirmative answer. Chapter 7 discusses the epistemology of ontology. Chapters 8 and 9 discuss issues about thisness and identity. And chapters 10 and 11 discuss mainly occasionalist and panentheist answers to questions about the causal unity of the universe.
Book Synopsis The Self Beyond Itself by : Heidi M. Ravven
Download or read book The Self Beyond Itself written by Heidi M. Ravven and published by New Press, The. This book was released on 2014-09-16 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Intertwines history, philosophy, and science . . . A powerful challenge to conventional notions of individual responsibility” (Publishers Weekly). Few concepts are more unshakable in our culture than free will, the idea that individuals are fundamentally in control of the decisions they make, good or bad. And yet the latest research about how the brain functions seems to point in the opposite direction . . . In a work of breathtaking intellectual sweep and erudition, Heidi M. Ravven offers a riveting and accessible review of cutting-edge neuroscientific research into the brain’s capacity for decision-making—from “mirror” neurons and “self-mapping” to surprising new understandings of group psychology. The Self Beyond Itself also introduces readers to a rich, alternative philosophical tradition of ethics, rooted in the writing of Baruch Spinoza, that finds uncanny confirmation in modern science. Illustrating the results of today’s research with real-life examples, taking readers from elementary school classrooms to Nazi concentration camps, Ravven demonstrates that it is possible to build a theory of ethics that doesn’t rely on free will yet still holds both individuals and groups responsible for the decisions that help create a good society. The Self Beyond Itself is that rare book that injects new ideas into an old debate—and “an important contribution to the development of our thinking about morality” (Washington Independent Review of Books). “An intellectual hand-grenade . . . A magisterial survey of how contemporary neuroscience supports a vision of human morality which puts it squarely on the same plane as other natural phenomena.” —William D. Casebeer, author of Natural Ethical Facts
Book Synopsis The World as Will and Representation, Vol. 1 by : Arthur Schopenhauer
Download or read book The World as Will and Representation, Vol. 1 written by Arthur Schopenhauer and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 1 of the definitive English translation of one of the most important philosophical works of the 19th century, the basic statement in one important stream of post-Kantian thought.
Book Synopsis THE TREADMILLS OF TIME by : Richard John Kosciejew
Download or read book THE TREADMILLS OF TIME written by Richard John Kosciejew and published by Author House. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If the universe is a seamlessly interactive system that evolves to an assigning of some levelling plexuity, and that, the lawful regularities of this universe are emergent properties of this system; we can legibly assume that the cosmos, as a legitimate point of singularity, as an undivided totality in the contributions for making of its whole. In that, for evincing to the 'progressive principal order' of complementarity, as placed within the intertwining relations within its given parts. Minded that this collective and undivided whole exists in some sense within all contributions of its parts, then one can declare positively or firmly maintain that it operates in self-reflective fashion and is the evidence for all emergent plexuities. Since human consciousness evinces self-reflective awareness in the human brain and since this brain is equivalently matched to all physical phenomena, as this can be viewed as an emergent property in the possessive nature of totality, such that it can be found within the whole for existing by its reason of certainty. As, can be feasible as plausibly concluded, that locality presupposes the consciousness of the universe, as 'we' are conscious to its existing conventions within this prevalent response to approaching the expeditions into which of the past-present-future dimensions, allow to some marginal glimpse into the unthinkable.
Download or read book Life Itself written by Robert Rosen and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are living things alive? As a theoretical biologist, Robert Rosen saw this as the most fundamental of all questions-and yet it had never been answered satisfactorily by science. The answers to this question would allow humanity to make an enormous leap forward in our understanding of the principles at work in our world. For centuries, it was believed that the only scientific approach to the question "What is life?" must proceed from the Cartesian metaphor (organism as machine). Classical approaches in science, which also borrow heavily from Newtonian mechanics, are based on a process called "reductionism." The thinking was that we can better learn about an intricate, complicated system (like an organism) if we take it apart, study the components, and then reconstruct the system-thereby gaining an understanding of the whole. However, Rosen argues that reductionism does not work in biology and ignores the complexity of organisms. Life Itself, a landmark work, represents the scientific and intellectual journey that led Rosen to question reductionism and develop new scientific approaches to understanding the nature of life. Ultimately, Rosen proposes an answer to the original question about the causal basis of life in organisms. He asserts that renouncing the mechanistic and reductionistic paradigm does not mean abandoning science. Instead, Rosen offers an alternate paradigm for science that takes into account the relational impacts of organization in natural systems and is based on organized matter rather than on particulate matter alone. Central to Rosen's work is the idea of a "complex system," defined as any system that cannot be fully understood by reducing it to its parts. In this sense, complexity refers to the causal impact of organization on the system as a whole. Since both the atom and the organism can be seen to fit that description, Rosen asserts that complex organization is a general feature not just of the biosphere on Earth-but of the universe itself.
Book Synopsis The True Christian Religion by : Emanuel Swedenborg
Download or read book The True Christian Religion written by Emanuel Swedenborg and published by . This book was released on 1833 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Feeling of Life Itself by : Christof Koch
Download or read book The Feeling of Life Itself written by Christof Koch and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thought-provoking argument that consciousness—more widespread than previously assumed—is the feeling of being alive, not a type of computation or a clever hack In The Feeling of Life Itself, Christof Koch offers a straightforward definition of consciousness as any subjective experience, from the most mundane to the most exalted—the feeling of being alive. Psychologists study which cognitive operations underpin a given conscious perception. Neuroscientists track the neural correlates of consciousness in the brain, the organ of the mind. But why the brain and not, say, the liver? How can the brain—three pounds of highly excitable matter, a piece of furniture in the universe, subject to the same laws of physics as any other piece—give rise to subjective experience? Koch argues that what is needed to answer these questions is a quantitative theory that starts with experience and proceeds to the brain. In The Feeling of Life Itself, Koch outlines such a theory, based on integrated information. Koch describes how the theory explains many facts about the neurology of consciousness and how it has been used to build a clinically useful consciousness meter. The theory predicts that many, and perhaps all, animals experience the sights and sounds of life; consciousness is much more widespread than conventionally assumed. Contrary to received wisdom, however, Koch argues that programmable computers will not have consciousness. Even a perfect software model of the brain is not conscious. Its simulation is fake consciousness. Consciousness is not a special type of computation—it is not a clever hack. Consciousness is about being.
Book Synopsis The Corpses of Times Generations by : RICHARD J. KOSCIEJEW
Download or read book The Corpses of Times Generations written by RICHARD J. KOSCIEJEW and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2014-01-09 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anyone who has ever tried to present a rather abstract scientific subject in a popular manner knows the great difficulties of such an attempt. Either he succeeds in being intelligible by concealing the core of the problem and by offering to the reader only superficial aspects or vague allusions, thus of deluding the reader by arousing in him the deceptive illusion of comprehension; Or else he gives an expert account of the problem, but as the untrained reader is unable to follow the exposition and becomes discouraged from reading any further. If these two categories are omitted from todays popular scientific literature, surprisingly little remains. But the little left is very valuable indeed. It is very important that the public is given an opportunity to experience-consciously and intelligently-the efforts and results of scientific research. It is not sufficient that each successive progression is taken up, elaborated, and applied by a few specialists in the field. Restricting the body of knowledge to a small group deadens the philosophical spirit of these people and leads to spiritual poverty. THE CORPSES OF TIMES GENERATIONS represents a valuable contribution to popular scientific writing. The main ideas to Theory are extremely well presented. Moreover, the presents state of our knowledge in which the paradigms of science are aptly characterized. Mr. Kosciejew shows how the criterial growth of our factual knowledge, with the striving for a unified conception comprising all empirical data, has led to the present situation which is characterized -despite all successes by an uncertainty concerning the choice of the basic theoretical concept.
Author :Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling Publisher :University of Virginia Press ISBN 13 :9780813914589 Total Pages :292 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (145 download)
Book Synopsis System of Transcendental Idealism (1800) by : Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling
Download or read book System of Transcendental Idealism (1800) written by Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 1978 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: System of Transcendental Idealism is probably Schelling's most important philosophical work. A central text in the history of German idealism, its original German publication in 1800 came seven years after Fichte's Wissenschaftslehre and seven years before Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit.
Book Synopsis A New Aristotle Reader by : J. L. Ackrill
Download or read book A New Aristotle Reader written by J. L. Ackrill and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a single volume that will be of service to philosophy students of all levels and to their teachers, this reader provides modern, accurate translations of the texts necessary for a careful study of most aspects of Aristotle's philosophy. In selecting the texts Professor J. L. Ackrill has drawn on his broad experience of teaching graduate classes, and his choice reflects issues of current philosophical interest as well as the perennial themes. Only recent translations which achieve a high level of accuracy have been chosen; the aim is to place the Greekless reader, as nearly as possible, in the position of a reader of Greek. As an aid to study, Professor Ackrill supplies a valuable guide to the key topics covered. The guide gives references to the works or passages contained in the reader, and indication of their interrelations, and current bibliography.
Book Synopsis Essays on Life Itself by : Robert Rosen
Download or read book Essays on Life Itself written by Robert Rosen and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compiling twenty articles on the nature of life and on the objective of the natural sciences, this remarkable book complements Robert Rosen's groundbreaking Life Itself--a work that influenced a wide range of philosophers, biologists, linguists, and social scientists. In Essays on Life Itself, Rosen takes to task the central objective of the natural sciences, calling into question the attempt to create objectivity in a subjective world and forcing us to reconsider where science can lead us in the years to come.
Book Synopsis Hegel: Lectures on the Philosophy of World History, Volume I by :
Download or read book Hegel: Lectures on the Philosophy of World History, Volume I written by and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-04-07 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition makes available an entirely new version of Hegel's lectures on the development and scope of world history. Volume I presents Hegel's surviving manuscripts of his introduction to the lectures and the full transcription of the first series of lectures (1822-23). These works treat the core of human history as the inexorable advance towards the establishment of a political state with just institutions-a state that consists of individuals with a free and fully-developed self-consciousness. Hegel interweaves major themes of spirit and culture-including social life, political systems, commerce, art and architecture, religion, and philosophy-with an historical account of peoples, dates, and events. Following spirit's quest for self-realization, the lectures presented here offer an imaginative voyage around the world, from the paternalistic, static realm of China to the cultural traditions of India; the vast but flawed political organization of the Persian Empire to Egypt and then the Orient; and the birth of freedom in the West to the Christian revelation of free political institutions emerging in the medieval and modern Germanic world. Brown and Hodgson's new translation is an essential resource for the English reader, and provides a fascinating account of the world as it was conceived by one of history's most influential philosophers. The Editorial Introduction surveys the history of the texts and provides an analytic summary of them, and editorial footnotes introduce readers to Hegel's many sources and allusions. For the first time an edition is made available that permits critical scholarly study, and translates to the needs of the general reader.
Download or read book Plato written by John Niemeyer Findlay and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: J.N. Findlay, distinguished scholar and acknowledged expert on Plato, argues persuasively for a new interpretation of the Platonic writings. He believes that Plato's Unwritten Doctrines were present in the background of all the great philosopher's mature written work. With the use of Aristotelian and other writings on these reported doctrines he demonstrates that they admit of an intelligible elucidation and they direct indispensable light upon the full meaning of the written Dialogues. The author emphasizes the valuable use of Platonic notions and methods by the Neoplatonists and the Schoolmen as well as by such modern thinkers as Husserl and Russell. He also censures, as a great misinterpretation, the widespread Aristotelian view of Platonism as a two-world theory, and argues that, for Plato, the Ideas and their Principles alone have full reality, everything else being logically parasitic upon them. The work also includes two important Appendices, the first providing translations of the Aristotelian and other ancient material regarding Plato's oral teaching, the second criticizing and refuting the views of Harold F. Cherniss on the same material.
Book Synopsis Being and Time by : Martin Heidegger
Download or read book Being and Time written by Martin Heidegger and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2008-07-22 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What is the meaning of being?" This is the central question of Martin Heidegger's profoundly important work, in which the great philosopher seeks to explain the basic problems of existence. A central influence on later philosophy, literature, art, and criticism—as well as existentialism and much of postmodern thought—Being and Time forever changed the intellectual map of the modern world. As Richard Rorty wrote in the New York Times Book Review, "You cannot read most of the important thinkers of recent times without taking Heidegger's thought into account." This first paperback edition of John Macquarrie and Edward Robinson's definitive translation also features a new foreword by Heidegger scholar Taylor Carman.
Book Synopsis Existentialist Engagement in Wallace, Eggers and Foer by : Allard den Dulk
Download or read book Existentialist Engagement in Wallace, Eggers and Foer written by Allard den Dulk and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The novels of David Foster Wallace, Dave Eggers and Jonathan Safran Foer are increasingly regarded as representing a new trend, an 'aesthetic sea change' in contemporary American literature. 'Post-postmodernism' and 'New Sincerity' are just two of the labels that have been attached to this trend. But what do these labels mean? What characterizes and connects these novels? Den Dulk shows that the connection between these works lies in their shared philosophical dimension. On the one hand, they portray excessive self-reflection and endless irony as the two main problems of contemporary Western life. On the other hand, the novels embody an attempt to overcome these problems: sincerity, reality-commitment and community are portrayed as the virtues needed to achieve a meaningful life. This shared philosophical dimension is analyzed by viewing the novels in light of the existentialist philosophies of Søren Kierkegaard, Jean-Paul Sartre, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Albert Camus.
Book Synopsis The Works of the Rev. John Howe ... by : John Howe
Download or read book The Works of the Rev. John Howe ... written by John Howe and published by . This book was released on 1838 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reality Itself by : Joseph S. O'Leary
Download or read book Reality Itself written by Joseph S. O'Leary and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-03-04 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reality Itself is a set of fifteen essays exploring interactions between Buddhist and Western philosophy. The first section presents the two traditions as sharing a quest for reality itself and illustrates this in discussions of everyday life, forgiveness, and religion. The second section engages with central concepts of Mahāyāna Buddhism: emptiness in the Heart Sutra, nonduality in the Vimalakirti Sutra, and skillful means in the Lotus Sutra. The third section focuses on Nāgārjuna's Root Verses of the Middle Way, showing how their dialectical logic and their dyad of ultimate and conventional can be applied in discussing divine personality, time, and truth. The final section studies interactions between Buddhism and Western thinkers (Hume, Hegel, Husserl, and Sartre), chiefly on the topic of self and non-self. The book should be of interest to graduate students in philosophy and theology.
