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Author : Friederike Maier
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Wage Determination and Sex Segregation in Employment in West Germany written by Friederike Maier and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781871782011
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (82 download)
Download or read book Wage determination and sex segregation in employment in West Germany written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Stepan Jurajda
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Sex Segregation and Wage Gaps in East and West Germany written by Stepan Jurajda and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we examine occupational and firm-level sex segregation and their relationship with wages in West Germany and in East Germany, where anti-discrimination policies were recently implemented. We employ a representative sample of social-security wage records from 1992 and 1995, including a matched employer-employee sub-sample. We find large differences in the size of the wage gap, but not in the degree of segregation across the two parts of Germany. In contrast to U.S. literature German wages are not lower in predominantly female occupations. Conditioning on unobservable taste and labor quality differences, there is a small wage impact of sex segregation in both parts of Germany. Finally, by 1992 the East German wage structure appears as stable as that of West Germany.
Author : Jill Rubery
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (53 download)
Download or read book Wage Determination and Sex Segregation in Employment in the European Community written by Jill Rubery and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Janneke Plantenga
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (62 download)
Download or read book Wage Determination and Sex Segregation in Employment written by Janneke Plantenga and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jill Rubery
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Wage Determination and Sex Segregation in Employment in the European Community written by Jill Rubery and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ondanks de toename van het aantal vrouwen op de arbeidsmarkt bestaan er nog grote verschillen in de beloning van mannen en vrouwen die hetzelfde werk doen. Besproken wordt de situtatie in de Europese Unie. Ook komen hierbij aan de orde de beloning van vrouwen in relatie tot de Europese Unie, beloning van vrouwen en cao's. Tot slot komen beleidsvoorstellen en initiatieven voor gelijke beloning aan de orde.
Author : Patrick Emmenegger
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 0199797897
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)
Download or read book The Age of Dualization written by Patrick Emmenegger and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-01-17 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty, increased inequality, and social exclusion are back on the political agenda in Western Europe, not only as a consequence of the Great Recession of 2008, but also because of a seemingly structural trend towards increased inequality in advanced industrial societies that has persisted since the 1970s. How can we explain this increase in inequalities? Policies in labor markets, social policy, and political representation are strongly linked in the creation, widening, and deepening of insider-outsider divides--a process known as dualization. While it is certainly not the only driver of increasing inequality, the encompassing nature of its development across multiple domains makes dualization one of the most important current trends affecting developed societies. However, the extent and forms of dualization vary greatly across countries. The comparative perspective of this book provides insights into why Nordic countries witness lower levels of insider-outsider divides, whereas in continental, liberal and southern welfare states, they are more likely to constitute a core characteristic of the political economy. Most importantly, the comparisons presented in this book point to the crucial importance of politics and political choice in driving and shaping the social outcomes of deindustrialization. While increased structural labor market divides can be found across all countries, governments have a strong responsibility in shaping the distributive consequences of these labor market changes. Insider-outsider divides are not a straightforward consequence of deindustrialization, but rather the result of political choice. A landmark publication, this volume is geared for faculty and graduate students of economics, political science, social policy, and sociology, as well as policymakers concerned with increasing inequality in a period of deep economic and social crisis.
Author : Lilja Mosesdottir
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351756605
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)
Download or read book The Interplay Between Gender, Markets and the State in Sweden, Germany and the United States written by Lilja Mosesdottir and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was first published in 2001. The development of gender relations during the post-war period in Sweden, Germany and the US forms the core of this work. It looks at the hierarchical relations between men and women based on economic, political, social and biological differentiations. The analytical focus is primarily on how actors, cultural norms and institutional arrangements interrelate and affect the relative position of men and women to create patterns/forms of gender relations that vary across countries and change through time. The main advantages of a comparative study is that it highlights the differences and similarities of the countries being compared. This book argues that social blocks involving a stable system of relations that have challenged and become embedded into institutional arrangements are the main force creating differences in the patterns of gender relations across the countries.
Author : Colette Fagan
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134639902
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (346 download)
Download or read book Women's Employment in Europe written by Colette Fagan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1999-08-05 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on extensive original research, this volume examines contemporary patterns of womens employment in Europe in the context of the profound economic, social and cultural changes that have taken place in recent years. It considers the progress made towards equal treatment in the labour market in the light of European Union action programmes, and
Author : Susan L. Averett
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190878266
Total Pages : 889 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy written by Susan L. Averett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.
Author : International Labour Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789220313466
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (134 download)
Download or read book Global Wage Report 2018/19 written by International Labour Office and published by . This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2018/19 edition analyses the gender pay gap. The report focuses on two main challenges: how to find the most useful means for measurement, and how to break down the gender pay gap in ways that best inform policy-makers and social partners of the factors that underlie it. The report also includes a review of key policy issues regarding wages and the reduction of gender pay gaps in different national circumstances.
Author : Hannah Brückner
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9780202366241
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (662 download)
Download or read book Gender Inequality in the Life Course written by Hannah Brückner and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do women fare in a society that is characterized by a set of institutions that promote income stability over the life course and thereby maintain and even amplify status difference? Using recently issued public files of social security records with longitudinal earnings data of well over half a million persons, this book describes gender inequality in earnings and labor market participation in contemporary Germany between 1975 and 1995. Because of the advanced industrial base of Germany, its relevance to other nations at the high end of production and consumer indices becomes apparent. Brückner's work is a unique combination of empirical and theoretical work. She takes seriously the effect of marriage status on labor supply and wages: married men work more and earn more, while married women work less and earn less. But to this rather conventional measure she introduces a second important consideration: the life course, multiple social contexts that help explain the unfolding of social action and economic status. In this way the family becomes a critical factor in explaining such crucial sources of inequality as tax laws, property transference, and transfer payments--and how these are regulated by the welfare state. The results from a life course analysis are contrasted with cross-sectional trends and a traditional lifecycle model to show that much depends in part on the data and methods used to explore it. The work closes with a solid social scientific analysis of systems choices: the private market in contrast to the social democratic welfare state solution. While recognizing that the latter is a direct effort at resolving the gender gap in wages and welfare, Professor Brückner also appreciates that there are high costs to the overall economy, not the least being a taxation that erodes the earning power of families and individuals as a whole, and hence is less of a solution than the spreading of the problem.
Author : Stanley Lieberson
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520908422
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (29 download)
Download or read book Making It Count written by Stanley Lieberson and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1987-03-16 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title reexamines and reconsiders the model of empirical research underlying most empirical work. The goal is neither a whitewash nor capital punishment, but rather it is to reform and mold empirical research into an activity that contributes as much as possible to a rigorous understanding of society. Without worrying about defining science or even determining the essence of the scientific enterprise, the goal is one that pools together logical thinking and empirically determined information. One of the fundamental issues to be addressed in this volume: Are there questions currently studied that are basically unanswerable even if the investigator had ideal nonexperimental data? If so, what are the alternative questions that can be dealt with successfully by empirical social research, and how should they be approached? In the chapters ahead, it will be important to keep in mind this doctrine of the undoable. Of course, one cannot simply mutter "undoable" when a difficult obstacle is encountered, turn off the computer, and look in the want ads for a new job—or at least a new task. Instead, it means considering if there is some inherent logical reason or sociological force that makes certain empirical questions unanswerable. There are four types of undoable questions to consider: those that are inherently impossible; those that are premature; those that are overly complicated; and those that empirical and theoretical knowledge have nullified.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1052 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Environment & Planning A. written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1052 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Max Haller
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642594433
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)
Download or read book The Making of the European Union written by Max Haller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outstanding social scientists (economists, sociologists, political scientists, and policy researchers) discuss in this book the issue of the social aspects of European integration. For each field, they sketch out the main problems, provide a survey on the relevant literature, and point to areas wherein more research is needed. The science and research policy of the European Union is examined critically both in terms of relevant social issues and in terms of its organizational efficacy.
Author : Richard B. Freeman
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226261840
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)
Download or read book Differences and Changes in Wage Structures written by Richard B. Freeman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past two decades, wages of skilled workers in the United States rose while those of unskilled workers fell; less-educated young men in particular have suffered unprecedented losses in real earnings. These twelve original essays explore whether this trend is unique to the United States or is part of a general growth in inequality in advanced countries. Focusing on labor market institutions and the supply and demand forces that affect wages, the papers compare patterns of earnings inequality and pay differentials in the United States, Australia, Korea, Japan, Western Europe, and the changing economies of Eastern Europe. Cross-country studies examine issues such as managerial compensation, gender differences in earnings, and the relationship of pay to regional unemployment. From this rich store of data, the contributors attribute changes in relative wages and unemployment among countries both to differences in labor market institutions and training and education systems, and to long-term shifts in supply and demand for skilled workers. These shifts are driven in part by skill-biased technological change and the growing internationalization of advanced industrial economies.
