Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Chronic Illness

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Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781542949057
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (49 download)

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Book Synopsis Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Chronic Illness by : Mike Newman

Download or read book Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Chronic Illness written by Mike Newman and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-12-08 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vitamin B12 Deficiency is now being revealed as one of the most misunderstood conditions of the 21st century. The potential for it to result in permanent nerve damage and varying levels of disability irrespective of the amount of B12 replaced in the blood is slowly being recognized by modern clinicians. Yet this is knowledge which is not emerging, but re-emerging, because physicians who dealt with this illness a century ago were well aware of the long-term implications. They were also aware of an underlying cause - low stomach acid. In addition, they understood that patients suffering from the condition would also have stomach atrophy, gut dysbiosis and intestinal permeability - in themselves conditions which could give rise to further ailments relating to mental health issues, autoimmune conditions and a broad range of what we today recognize as chronic diseases. Yet for decades these issues, once well recognized, have been forgotten, and patients of the 21st century are often given advice and treatment which fails to combat not only the injuries caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B12, but which may well be misinterpreted as other, often untreatable conditions, or, as is possibly the case, that the underlying cause of the B12 deficiency may also be the cause of other illnesses. This book aims to pave the way in setting the record straight. It aims to help both patients and clinicians to deepen their understanding in respect of a condition which was once feared and which, it would seem, still exists but is simply not recognized for what it is. It also aims to explain to those with other chronic and neurological conditions that a deficiency of B12 might prove to be a cause of at least some of their symptoms, and that the cause of any deficiency, even outside of B12 may well be impacting their health.

Epidemiology of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases

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Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535127403
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Epidemiology of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases by : Fyson Kasenga

Download or read book Epidemiology of Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases written by Fyson Kasenga and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-11-09 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human sufferings, including deaths, can be reduced or avoided by applying routine principles of hygiene in individuals' lives. Some hygiene routines are purely simple remedies, which are inexpensive, affordable, acceptable and easily accessible. It is evident that change is first enacted from within the mindset of an individual, then transmitted to families, groups and communities, and eventually the mindset of a nation can change creating an environment which is better for everybody to live in. This book contains chapters discussing conditions or diseases that may not be common in the readers' area. Caution as such may never be underestimated considering the fact that we are living in a global village where one can never say 'this does not occur in my area' but rather question, does this occur in my community, why does it occur, who is affected, where and when does it occur and what can be done about it? These questions constitute what epidemiology is all about, and their precise and comprehensive answers can transform lives and help us have the right perceptions for the health challenges we face and accept the possibility of dealing with them directly.

Signs of Vitamin B12 Deficiencies

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Publisher : Hunting4Clients, LLC
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Signs of Vitamin B12 Deficiencies by : Joyce Zborower, M.A.

Download or read book Signs of Vitamin B12 Deficiencies written by Joyce Zborower, M.A. and published by Hunting4Clients, LLC. This book was released on 2013-06-27 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Signs of Vitamin B12 Deficiencies Who’s at Risk – Why – What Can Be Done -- Strict Vegans -- Newborns of Strict Vegans -- The Elderly -- Dialysis Patients -- Pregnant Women Are you or any of your loved ones among the above groups? If so, then you/they are in danger of suffering the effects of a serious vitamin B12 deficiency. These “effects” can take various forms such as anemia where you feel tired all the time and that your strength has absolutely vanished to real neurological damage as in newborn babies of strict vegan mothers to mental disorders in the elderly mimicking Alzheimer’s disease. Without proper testing, even doctors can be fooled into providing inaccurate diagnoses. Signs of Vitamin B12 Deficiencies is written in straight-forward, easy-to-understand language so anyone with an interest in the subject matter can quickly grasp the concepts. However, self-diagnosis and treatment is highly discouraged. To peek inside the book and read the first few pages, scroll up the page and click on the book’s cover (different excerpt below). You’ll get a sense of the writing style and be able to decide if it’s for you. To purchase, click the purchase button on the upper right. Other information about Signs of Vitamin B12 Deficiencies : Genre – Health & Fitness/diet & nutrition/vitamins ---- Medical – Nutrition Tags –b12 deficiencies, vitamin b12 deficiency, strict vegan diet, vitamin B12 shots, vitamin b12 side effects, vitamin B12 deficiency treatment, vegan b12 Excerpt from Signs of Vitamin B12 Deficiencies: . . . Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Neurological Symptoms One of the most important functions of vitamin B12 in the body is helping to form the protective coating, called the myelin sheath (i.e. Schwann cells), around the nerves. They make the nerve fiber in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) look like a string of pearls. Schwann cells are one of two supporting cells in the PNS. The other is called a satellite cell and surrounds cell bodies within the ganglia (cell bodies that lie along the nerves in the PNS). It is believed that both types of supporting cells provide insulation for the electrical current that flows through the nerves, but their function is still largely unknown. When vitamin B12 is deficient, this protective covering does not develop properly. One of the conditions caused by B12 deficiency is neuropathy in the feet and lower limbs. The definition of neuropathy is: Any disease of nervous tissue, but particularly a degenerative disease of nerves. Accompanying symptoms include: -- tingling -- numbness -- loss of sensation (heat/cold) -- and sometimes a burning sensation Since vitamin B12 can be stored in the liver for between 3 – 5 years to provide tiny amounts for the body’s use, the symptoms of deficiency can take a long time before becoming noticeable. Also, the pernicious anemia that also accompanies B12 deficiency can be hidden by the ingestion of folic acid. If the anemia is hidden and the deficiency symptoms are not treated, permanent neurological damage occurs. --End of Excerpt –

Could It Be B12?

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Publisher : Linden Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1610350650
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Could It Be B12? by : Sally Pacholok

Download or read book Could It Be B12? written by Sally Pacholok and published by Linden Publishing. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting a wide scope of problems caused by B12 deficiency, this comprehensive guide provides up-to-date medical information about symptoms, testing, diagnosis, and treatment. Written for both the patient and the interested layperson, this detailed book outlines how physicians frequently misdiagnose B12 deficiency as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, heart disease, mental retardation, Parkinson's disease, depression, or other mental illnesses. Now in the second edition, this resource has been thoroughly updated with the latest research, diagnostic tests, treatment options, case studies, and testimonials.

Signs of Vitamin B12 Deficiencies

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Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781492148098
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Signs of Vitamin B12 Deficiencies by : Joyce Zborower

Download or read book Signs of Vitamin B12 Deficiencies written by Joyce Zborower and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-08-13 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Signs of Vitamin B12 DeficienciesWho's at Risk – Why – What Can Be Done Strict Vegans Newborns of Strict Vegans The Elderly Dialysis Patients Pregnant WomenAre you or any of your loved ones among the above groups? If so, then you/they are in danger of suffering the effects of a serious vitamin B12 deficiency. These “effects” can take various forms such as anemia where you feel tired all the time and that your strength has absolutely vanished to real neurological damage as in newborn babies of strict vegan mothers to mental disorders in the elderly mimicking Alzheimer's disease. Without proper testing, even doctors can be fooled into providing inaccurate diagnoses.Signs of Vitamin B12 Deficiencies is written in straight-forward, easy-to-understand language so anyone with an interest in the subject matter can quickly grasp the concepts. However, self-diagnosis and treatment is highly discouraged.

Optimal Calcium Intake

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimal Calcium Intake by :

Download or read book Optimal Calcium Intake written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses the following questions: what is the optimal amount of calcium intake; what are the important cofactors for achieving optimal calcium intake; what are the risks associated with increased levels of calcium intake; what are the best ways to attain optimal calcium intake; what public health strategies are available and needed to implement optimal calcium intake recommendations; and what are the recommendations for future research on calcium intake.

Pernicious Anaemia

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781781610046
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Pernicious Anaemia by : Martyn Hooper

Download or read book Pernicious Anaemia written by Martyn Hooper and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book could save you years of ill health! Vitamin B12 definicency, often caused by pernicious anaemia, can be a devastating condition if left untreated, leaing to irreversible nerve damage and disability after years of exhaustion and mental 'fog'. Its symptoms creep up on sufferers and are under-recognised by doctors; tests to confirm it and underlying pernicious anaemia, are problematic. Martyn Hooper, the founder of the Pernicious Anaemia Society, now brings together vital information about the condition and real-life stories - including his own and those of many members of the society - that will help sufferers and their friends and fmailies recognise the condition and understand how best to tackle it. In particular, the book draws on the findings of a survey of society members that give new clarity to the complex issues involved.

Diet and Health

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309039940
Total Pages : 765 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Diet and Health by : National Research Council

Download or read book Diet and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.

Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030913269X
Total Pages : 591 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-06-15 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1941, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) has been recognized as the most authoritative source of information on nutrient levels for healthy people. Since publication of the 10th edition in 1989, there has been rising awareness of the impact of nutrition on chronic disease. In light of new research findings and a growing public focus on nutrition and health, the expert panel responsible for formulation RDAs reviewed and expanded its approachâ€"the result: Dietary Reference Intakes. This new series of references greatly extends the scope and application of previous nutrient guidelines. For each nutrient the book presents what is known about how the nutrient functions in the human body, what the best method is to determine its requirements, which factors (caffeine or exercise, for example) may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease. This volume of the series presents information about thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. Based on analysis of nutrient metabolism in humans and data on intakes in the U.S. population, the committee recommends intakes for each age groupâ€"from the first days of life through childhood, sexual maturity, midlife, and the later years. Recommendations for pregnancy and lactation also are made, and the book identifies when intake of a nutrient may be too much. Representing a new paradigm for the nutrition community, Dietary Reference Intakes encompasses: Estimated Average Requirements (EARs). These are used to set Recommended Dietary Allowances. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs). Intakes that meet the RDA are likely to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all individuals in a life-stage and gender group. Adequate Intakes (AIs). These are used instead of RDAs when an EAR cannot be calculated. Both the RDA and the AI may be used as goals for individual intake. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs). Intakes below the UL are unlikely to pose risks of adverse health effects in healthy people. This new framework encompasses both essential nutrients and other food components thought to pay a role in health, such as dietary fiber. It incorporates functional endpoints and examines the relationship between dose and response in determining adequacy and the hazards of excess intake for each nutrient.

The B12 Deficiency Survival Handbook

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Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781494918798
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (187 download)

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Book Synopsis The B12 Deficiency Survival Handbook by : Aqsa Ghazanfar

Download or read book The B12 Deficiency Survival Handbook written by Aqsa Ghazanfar and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2014-01-06 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “If vitamin B12 deficiency is a concern, or you simply want to have a real understanding of this all too common issue, then there is only one book that you should buy. The Vitamin B12 Deficiency Survival Handbook is the authority on all such matters. It is written in a way that allows the layman to understand the issue, and provides the most comprehensive coverage of the topic available as far as I can tell. A must for anyone interested in this issue.” - David Turner, LeanApe.com. Could a lack of vitamin B12 be the reason you're so tired or stressed? What if you were told that something found in your diet could prevent memory loss, Alzheimer and heart disease? What if complex neurological problems, developmental delay in children and infertility in you or a loved one were due to the deficiency of an easily available nutrient? Those associations (and many more) aren't just speculations or proposed theories – these theories have all risen up due to observations made by numerous people and have been proven by the help of research. That means they're not just theories - they're proven facts. This is what our new book is about – B12. Time to de-construct the mystery behind this vitamin to small, manageable, easy-to-understand pieces. “Vitamin B12 is the only nutrient not supplied by a vegan diet. Therefore when I saw Aqsa and Regev's book, I knew I had to read it. It's a great read full of bonafide references. I'm sure I could have found the majority of the information on the topic doing my own research online, but the time investment required would have been huge. Getting the book at a discounted rate just made it even better value.” - Andy Cowan, JuiceFiend.co.uk. “The B12 Deficiency Survival Handbook” is the direct result of hours and hours and hours of data-crunching, research papers and case studies, separating the junk from the real legit science. With plenty of specialist help and on the shoulders of giant scientists, we managed to create this resource and we're very confident it's going to solve all your B12 issues. Avoid Serious and Often Irreversible Damage B12 deficiency is not a joke, it can wreck havoc on your health. It's one of the most underrated yet destructive conditions relevant in the western society today, and early treatment can literally save your life. * Avoid or Treat Your Anemia * Avoid Irreversible Nervous and Brain Damage * Depressed? Get Your Happiness Back! * Have a LOT More Energy * Don't Lose Your Eyesight * Keep Your Hormones In Good Shape and Feel Like Wolverine * Avoid Ageing and Alzheimer * Have a Better Concentration and Memory * Protect Your Child From Autism and Developmental Abnormalities “The B12 Deficiency Survival Handbook” Got You Covered. You'll Discover The Best Possible Solutions For Your Specific Deficiency. Guaranteed. Save a Huge Amount of Time and Money You would otherwise spend on future medical procedures, supplements or other unnecessary fluff. That's right, not buying this book will actually cost you MORE money. Can you afford that? You will also save a lot of time by learning how to avoid or treat this condition early on. Believe me, you don't want to find yourself spending weeks or months in a hospital. The earlier you treat it – the less complicated it becomes. Anything Else? Definitely. Through the book you'll learn to understand: All Functions and Aspects of Vitamin B12 Where B12 Comes From The Best Natural Sources and Foods The Absorption Process of B12 How B12 Deficiency Is Treated How to Choose The Best Supplement for YOU Why People Become Deficient In B12 Very Similar Conditions That Are Easily Mistakable The Signs and Symptoms of a B12 Deficiency The Different Stages of B12 deficiency Get your hands on your book before it gets too late and you suffer irreversible nervous damage!

Immunotherapy

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Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535131052
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Immunotherapy by : Krassimir Metodiev

Download or read book Immunotherapy written by Krassimir Metodiev and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-04-26 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is another attempt of InTechOpen to continue the dissemination of international knowledge and experience in the field of immunology. The present book includes a number of modern concepts of specialists and experts in the field of immunotherapy, covering the major topics and analyzing the history, current stage, and future ideas of application of modern immunomodulation. It is always a benefit, but also a compliment, to gather a team of internationally distinguished authors and to motivate them to reveal their expertise for the benefit of medical science and health practice. On behalf of all readers, immunologists, immunogeneticists, biologists, oncologists, microbiologists, virologists, hematologists, chemotherapists, health-care experts, as well as students and medical specialists, also on my personal behalf, I would like to extend my gratitude and highest appreciation to InTechOpen for giving me the unique chance to be the editor of this exclusive book.

Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139437739
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins by : David A. Bender

Download or read book Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins written by David A. Bender and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-09-18 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative and comprehensive review of our current knowledge of the vitamins, their metabolic functions and the scientific basis for setting recommended intakes for the prevention of deficiency and promotion of optimum health. This publication will be a valuable reference for students and specialists alike in the field of nutritional biochemistry.

Principles of Nutritional Assessment

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Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195171691
Total Pages : 930 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Principles of Nutritional Assessment by : Rosalind S. Gibson

Download or read book Principles of Nutritional Assessment written by Rosalind S. Gibson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2005 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With over 200 newly drafted figures & many new tables drawn from the wealth of data published over the last 15 years, this new edition has been thoroughly revised.

What You Need to Know About Pernicious Anaemia and Vitamin B12 Deficiency

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781781610510
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis What You Need to Know About Pernicious Anaemia and Vitamin B12 Deficiency by : Martyn Hooper

Download or read book What You Need to Know About Pernicious Anaemia and Vitamin B12 Deficiency written by Martyn Hooper and published by . This book was released on 2015-10-29 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Are you constantly exhausted? Does sleep not refresh you? Is your balance not what it was? Do you have tingling or even burning in your fingers and toes? Then your problem may be vitamin B12 deficiency. Your doctor may test you for this but your blood levels look OK so what should you do then? Or you may receive treatment but not feel any better? This book is a guide to the complexities of this deceptively simple problem - how it can be diagnosed, how it can be treated, and how those who have it can cope with the lifelong repercussions. Incorporating the latest research, and the input of the thousands of members of the Pernicious Anaemia Society, this book is both practical and engaging, illustrated with many personal stories that will resonate with sufferers and their friends and families." --Publisher's description.

Diagnostic Criteria in Autoimmune Diseases

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1603272852
Total Pages : 593 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Diagnostic Criteria in Autoimmune Diseases by : Yehuda Shoenfeld

Download or read book Diagnostic Criteria in Autoimmune Diseases written by Yehuda Shoenfeld and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-08 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the Autoimmune Diseases Coordinating Committee (ADCC), between 14.7 and 23.5 million people in the USA – up to eight percent of the population are affected by autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases are a family of more than 100 chronic, and often disabling, illnesses that develop when underlying defects in the immune system lead the body to attack its own organs, tissues, and cells. In Handbook of Autoimmune Disease, the editors have gathered in a comprehensive handbook a critical review, by renowned experts, of more than 100 autoimmune diseases, divided into two main groups, namely systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. A contemporary overview of these conditions with special emphasis on diagnosis is presented. Each chapter contains the essential information required by attending physicians as well as bench scientists to understand the definition of a specific autoimmune disease, the diagnostic criteria, and the treatment.

Williams Hematology, 10th Edition

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Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 126046413X
Total Pages : 2705 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Williams Hematology, 10th Edition by : Kenneth Kaushansky

Download or read book Williams Hematology, 10th Edition written by Kenneth Kaushansky and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2021-01-14 with total page 2705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The landmark text that has guided generations of hematologists and related practitioners―updated with the latest research findings and improved format and presentation Long revered for its comprehensiveness and extraordinary depth of detail, Williams Hematology provides essential coverage of the origins, pathophysiological mechanisms, and management of benign and malignant disorders of blood and marrow cells and coagulation proteins. The text contains a wealth of basic science and translational pathophysiology for optimal, lifelong learning. Experts in research and clinical hematology, the editors are known worldwide for their contributions to the field. This new edition contains everything that has made Williams Hematology the go-to resource for decades and has been updated with new chapters and critical new research into the molecular mechanisms responsible for hematological disorders and the impact on diagnosis and treatment. And the new format enables you to access each chapter via content modules covering key topics, with summaries, infographics, and cases―all linked to review questions for self-assessment. The full-color presentation integrates images of blood and tissue findings where they are cited in the text. NEW TO THIS EDITION: Updated and revised content reflecting the latest research and developments Convenient format that streamlines the learning process and improves retention Additional chapters added on: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Immune Cell Therapy: Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy Immune Cell Therapy Dendritic Cell and Natural Killer Cell Therapy The processes of cell death and survival Application of Big Data and Deep Learning in Hematology Williams Hematology Cases with multiple-choice questions including detailed explanations—perfect preparation for the boards Continuously updated online content with comprehensive drug therapy database and other resources

Guiding Principles for Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease

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Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309462568
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Guiding Principles for Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Guiding Principles for Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-12-21 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1938 and 1941, nutrient intake recommendations have been issued to the public in Canada and the United States, respectively. Currently defined as the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), these values are a set of standards established by consensus committees under the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and used for planning and assessing diets of apparently healthy individuals and groups. In 2015, a multidisciplinary working group sponsored by the Canadian and U.S. government DRI steering committees convened to identify key scientific challenges encountered in the use of chronic disease endpoints to establish DRI values. Their report, Options for Basing Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) on Chronic Disease: Report from a Joint US-/Canadian-Sponsored Working Group, outlined and proposed ways to address conceptual and methodological challenges related to the work of future DRI Committees. This report assesses the options presented in the previous report and determines guiding principles for including chronic disease endpoints for food substances that will be used by future National Academies committees in establishing DRIs.