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Visualizing Early Stage Breast Cancer Tumors In A Mammographic Environment Through A 3 Dimensional Mathematical Model
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Book Synopsis Visualizing Early-Stage Breast Cancer Tumors in a Mammographic Environment Through a 3-Dimensional Mathematical Model by : Christopher B. Bassham
Download or read book Visualizing Early-Stage Breast Cancer Tumors in a Mammographic Environment Through a 3-Dimensional Mathematical Model written by Christopher B. Bassham and published by . This book was released on 1999-03-01 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the insidious and deadly nature of breast cancer and the less-than-perfect detection ability of mammography, we develop a mathematical model as a foundation to the long-term goal of improving early breast cancer detection. By using modeling and simulation to construct an accurate breast cancer tumor model, we hope to solve the problems associated with mammogram misdiagnosis and, perhaps as a by-product, lend insight to tumor development dynamics. The final tumor model, written in MATLAB, provides realistic tumor growth and 2-dimensional visualization of 3-dimensional structures. Earlier modeling attempts capture slices of the tumor in the 2- dimensional growth spaces. The final 3-dimensional model closely mimics the characteristics of theoretical breast cancer development within the female breast by establishing an algorithm that reliably represents the ideal tumor model. The possible impact of this model and its progeny is earlier detection of breast cancer, which leads to an increased chance of survival for those afflicted with the disease.
Book Synopsis Visualizing Early-stage Breast Cancer Tumors in a Mammographic Environment Through a 3-dimensional Mathematical Model by : C. Brian Bassham (1LT, USAF.)
Download or read book Visualizing Early-stage Breast Cancer Tumors in a Mammographic Environment Through a 3-dimensional Mathematical Model written by C. Brian Bassham (1LT, USAF.) and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sixteen Paintings from the Collection... by :
Download or read book Sixteen Paintings from the Collection... written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fractal Analysis of Breast Masses in Mammograms by : Thanh Cabral
Download or read book Fractal Analysis of Breast Masses in Mammograms written by Thanh Cabral and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fractal analysis is useful in digital image processing for the characterization of shape roughness and gray-scale texture or complexity. Breast masses present shape and gray-scale characteristics in mammograms that vary between benign masses and malignant tumors. This book demonstrates the use of fractal analysis to classify breast masses as benign masses or malignant tumors based on the irregularity exhibited in their contours and the gray-scale variability exhibited in their mammographic images. A few different approaches are described to estimate the fractal dimension (FD) of the contour of a mass, including the ruler method, box-counting method, and the power spectral analysis (PSA) method. Procedures are also described for the estimation of the FD of the gray-scale image of a mass using the blanket method and the PSA method. To facilitate comparative analysis of FD as a feature for pattern classification of breast masses, several other shape features and texture measures are described in the book. The shape features described include compactness, spiculation index, fractional concavity, and Fourier factor. The texture measures described are statistical measures derived from the gray-level cooccurrence matrix of the given image. Texture measures reveal properties about the spatial distribution of the gray levels in the given image; therefore, the performance of texture measures may be dependent on the resolution of the image. For this reason, an analysis of the effect of spatial resolution or pixel size on texture measures in the classification of breast masses is presented in the book. The results demonstrated in the book indicate that fractal analysis is more suitable for characterization of the shape than the gray-level variations of breast masses, with area under the receiver operating characteristics of up to 0.93 with a dataset of 111 mammographic images of masses. The methods and results presented in the book are useful for computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer. Table of Contents: Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Breast Cancer / Detection and Analysis of\newline Breast Masses / Datasets of Images of Breast Masses / Methods for Fractal Analysis / Pattern Classification / Results of Classification of Breast Masses / Concluding Remarks
Book Synopsis Fractal Analysis of Breast Masses in Mammograms by : Thanh M. Cabral
Download or read book Fractal Analysis of Breast Masses in Mammograms written by Thanh M. Cabral and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2012-10-01 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fractal analysis is useful in digital image processing for the characterization of shape roughness and gray-scale texture or complexity. Breast masses present shape and gray-scale characteristics in mammograms that vary between benign masses and malignant tumors. This book demonstrates the use of fractal analysis to classify breast masses as benign masses or malignant tumors based on the irregularity exhibited in their contours and the gray-scale variability exhibited in their mammographic images. A few different approaches are described to estimate the fractal dimension (FD) of the contour of a mass, including the ruler method, box-counting method, and the power spectral analysis (PSA) method. Procedures are also described for the estimation of the FD of the gray-scale image of a mass using the blanket method and the PSA method. To facilitate comparative analysis of FD as a feature for pattern classification of breast masses, several other shape features and texture measures are described in the book. The shape features described include compactness, spiculation index, fractional concavity, and Fourier factor. The texture measures described are statistical measures derived from the gray-level cooccurrence matrix of the given image. Texture measures reveal properties about the spatial distribution of the gray levels in the given image; therefore, the performance of texture measures may be dependent on the resolution of the image. For this reason, an analysis of the effect of spatial resolution or pixel size on texture measures in the classification of breast masses is presented in the book. The results demonstrated in the book indicate that fractal analysis is more suitable for characterization of the shape than the gray-level variations of breast masses, with area under the receiver operating characteristics of up to 0.93 with a dataset of 111 mammographic images of masses. The methods and results presented in the book are useful for computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer. Table of Contents: Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Breast Cancer / Detection and Analysis of\newline Breast Masses / Datasets of Images of Breast Masses / Methods for Fractal Analysis / Pattern Classification / Results of Classification of Breast Masses / Concluding Remarks
Book Synopsis Modeling and Analysis of Shape with Applications in Computer-aided Diagnosis of Breast Cancer by : Denise Guliato
Download or read book Modeling and Analysis of Shape with Applications in Computer-aided Diagnosis of Breast Cancer written by Denise Guliato and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malignant tumors due to breast cancer and masses due to benign disease appear in mammograms with different shape characteristics: the former usually have rough, spiculated, or microlobulated contours, whereas the latter commonly have smooth, round, oval, or macrolobulated contours. Features that characterize shape roughness and complexity can assist in distinguishing between malignant tumors and benign masses. In spite of the established importance of shape factors in the analysis of breast tumors and masses, difficulties exist in obtaining accurate and artifact-free boundaries of the related regions from mammograms. Whereas manually drawn contours could contain artifacts related to hand tremor and are subject to intra-observer and inter-observer variations, automatically detected contours could contain noise and inaccuracies due to limitations or errors in the procedures for the detection and segmentation of the related regions. Modeling procedures are desired to eliminate the artifacts in a given contour, while preserving the important and significant details present in the contour. This book presents polygonal modeling methods that reduce the influence of noise and artifacts while preserving the diagnostically relevant features, in particular the spicules and lobulations in the given contours. In order to facilitate the derivation of features that capture the characteristics of shape roughness of contours of breast masses, methods to derive a signature based on the turning angle function obtained from the polygonal model are described. Methods are also described to derive an index of spiculation, an index characterizing the presence of convex regions, an index characterizing the presence of concave regions, an index of convexity, and a measure of fractal dimension from the turning angle function. Results of testing the methods with a set of 111 contours of 65 benign masses and 46 malignant tumors are presented and discussed. It is shown that shape modeling and analysis can lead to classification accuracy in discriminating between benign masses and malignant tumors, in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, of up to 0.94. The methods have applications in modeling and analysis of the shape of various types of regions or objects in images, computer vision, computer graphics, and analysis of biomedical images, with particular significance in computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer. Table of Contents: Analysis of Shape / Polygonal Modeling of Contours / Shape Factors for Pattern Classification / Classification of Breast Masses
Book Synopsis Computerized Analysis of Mammographic Images for Detection and Characterization of Breast Cancer by : Paola Casti
Download or read book Computerized Analysis of Mammographic Images for Detection and Characterization of Breast Cancer written by Paola Casti and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2017-07-06 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The identification and interpretation of the signs of breast cancer in mammographic images from screening programs can be very difficult due to the subtle and diversified appearance of breast disease. This book presents new image processing and pattern recognition techniques for computer-aided detection and diagnosis of breast cancer in its various forms. The main goals are: (1) the identification of bilateral asymmetry as an early sign of breast disease which is not detectable by other existing approaches; and (2) the detection and classification of masses and regions of architectural distortion, as benign lesions or malignant tumors, in a unified framework that does not require accurate extraction of the contours of the lesions. The innovative aspects of the work include the design and validation of landmarking algorithms, automatic Tabár masking procedures, and various feature descriptors for quantification of similarity and for contour independent classification of mammographic lesions. Characterization of breast tissue patterns is achieved by means of multidirectional Gabor filters. For the classification tasks, pattern recognition strategies, including Fisher linear discriminant analysis, Bayesian classifiers, support vector machines, and neural networks are applied using automatic selection of features and cross-validation techniques. Computer-aided detection of bilateral asymmetry resulted in accuracy up to 0.94, with sensitivity and specificity of 1 and 0.88, respectively. Computer-aided diagnosis of automatically detected lesions provided sensitivity of detection of malignant tumors in the range of [0.70, 0.81] at a range of falsely detected tumors of [0.82, 3.47] per image. The techniques presented in this work are effective in detecting and characterizing various mammographic signs of breast disease.
Book Synopsis Breast Cancer: Early Detection with Mammography by : Laszlo Tabar
Download or read book Breast Cancer: Early Detection with Mammography written by Laszlo Tabar and published by Georg Thieme Verlag. This book was released on 2007-03-07 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In "Breast Cancer: The Art and Science of Early Detection with Mammography-Perception, Interpretation, Histopathologic Correlation," L&ászl&ó Tab&ár, one of the world's most renowned mammographers, has shared his decades of experience in presenting the fundamentals of perception and interpretation of mammographic images. This is the second volume in a series of books written by the team of Tab&ár, Tot, and Dean describing breast cancer in its earliest phase according to the imaging findings and correlating these findings with sophisticated histopathologic images and patient outcome. This volume covers a particularly troublesome subtype of breast cancer characterized by casting type calcifications. Highlights: Extensive coverage of the morphology and outcome of this deceptive breast cancer subtype Nearly 1000 illustrations of stunning quality showing the full range of manifestations Photomicrographs of large, thin-section pathology slides and unique 3D pathology images which are carefully correlated with mammographic images to explain why mammograms appear as they do Stereoscopic images that demonstrate normal breast structures and the distortion caused by this unique malignant process Presentation of an original theory of neoductgenesis to explain the surprising disease outcome all too frequently observed Scientific rationale for using individualized treatment methods which include the mammographic prognostic features
Book Synopsis Computational Intelligence and Modelling Techniques for Disease Detection in Mammogram Images by : D. Jude Hemanth
Download or read book Computational Intelligence and Modelling Techniques for Disease Detection in Mammogram Images written by D. Jude Hemanth and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-11-16 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Intelligence and Modelling Techniques for Disease Detection in Mammogram Images comprehensively examines the wide range of AI-based mammogram analysis methods for medical applications. Beginning with an introductory overview of mammogram data analysis, the book covers the current technologies such as ultrasound, molecular breast imaging (MBI), magnetic resonance (MR), and Positron Emission mammography (PEM), as well as the recent advancements in 3D breast tomosynthesis and 4D mammogram. Deep learning models are presented in each chapter to show how they can assist in the efficient processing of breast images. The book also discusses hybrid intelligence approaches for early-stage detection and the use of machine learning classifiers for cancer detection, staging and density assessment in order to develop a proper treatment plan. This book will not only aid computer scientists and medical practitioners in developing a real-time AI based mammogram analysis system, but also addresses the issues and challenges with the current processing methods which are not conducive for real-time applications. - Presents novel ideas for AI based mammogram data analysis - Discusses the roles deep learning and machine learning techniques play in efficient processing of mammogram images and in the accurate defining of different types of breast cancer - Features dozens of real-world case studies from contributors across the globe
Book Synopsis Mammography and Beyond by : National Research Council
Download or read book Mammography and Beyond written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-23 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year more than 180,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed in women in the U.S. If cancer is detected when small and local, treatment options are less dangerous, intrusive, and costly-and more likely to lead to a cure. Yet those simple facts belie the complexity of developing and disseminating acceptable techniques for breast cancer diagnosis. Even the most exciting new technologies remain clouded with uncertainty. Mammography and Beyond provides a comprehensive and up-to-date perspective on the state of breast cancer screening and diagnosis and recommends steps for developing the most reliable breast cancer detection methods possible. This book reviews the dramatic expansion of breast cancer awareness and screening, examining the capabilities and limitations of current and emerging technologies for breast cancer detection and their effectiveness at actually reducing deaths. The committee discusses issues including national policy toward breast cancer detection, roles of public and private agencies, problems in determining the success of a technique, availability of detection methods to specific populations of women, women's experience during the detection process, cost-benefit analyses, and more. Examining current practices and specifying research and other needs, Mammography and Beyond will be an indispensable resource to policy makers, public health officials, medical practitioners, researchers, women's health advocates, and concerned women and their families.
Book Synopsis Casting Type Calcifications by : László Tabár
Download or read book Casting Type Calcifications written by László Tabár and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2007 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Breast Cancer: The Art and Science of Early Detection with Mammography-Perception, Interpretation, Histopathologic Correlation, Lszl Tabr, one of the world's most renowned mammographers, has shared his decades of experience in presenting the fundamentals of perception and interpretation of mammographic images. This is the second volume in a series of books written by the team of Tabr, Tot, and Dean describing breast cancer in its earliest phase according to the imaging findings and correlating these findings with sophisticated histopathologic images and patient outcome. This volume covers a particularly troublesome subtype of breast cancer characterized by casting type calcifications. Highlights: Extensive coverage of the morphology and outcome of this deceptive breast cancer subtype Nearly 1000 illustrations of stunning quality showing the full range of manifestations Photomicrographs of large, thin-section pathology slides and unique 3D pathology images which are carefully correlated with mammographic images to explain why mammograms appear as they do Stereoscopic images that demonstrate normal breast structures and the distortion caused by this unique malignant process Presentation of an original theory of neoductgenesis to explain the surprising disease outcome all too frequently observed Scientific rationale for using individualized treatment methods which include the mammographic prognostic features
Book Synopsis Atlas of Breast Cancer by : Daniel Hayes
Download or read book Atlas of Breast Cancer written by Daniel Hayes and published by Mosby Elsevier Health Science. This book was released on 1993 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multidisciplinary approach to breast cancer, this text presents diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and includes information on new or experimental therapies. The book includes chapters on epidemiology, screening and diagnostic mammography, surgical techniques, radiotherapy techniques and biopsy processing.
Book Synopsis Mathematical and Computational Studies on Progress, Prognosis, Prevention and Panacea of Breast Cancer by : Suhrit Dey
Download or read book Mathematical and Computational Studies on Progress, Prognosis, Prevention and Panacea of Breast Cancer written by Suhrit Dey and published by Springer. This book was released on 2023-03-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book’s aim is to study the mathematical and computational models to analyze the progress, prognosis, prevention, and panacea of breast cancer. The book discusses application of Markov chains and transient mappings, Charlie–Simpson numerical algorithm, models represented by nonlinear reaction–diffusion-type partial differential equations, and related techniques. The book also attempts to design mathematical model of targeted strategic treatments by using Skilled Killer Drugs (SKD1 and SKD2) to suggest the improvisation of future cancer treatments. Both graduate students and researchers of computational biology and oncologists will benefit by studying this book. Researchers of cancer studies and biological sciences will also find this work helpful.
Book Synopsis Early Detection of Breast Cancer by : S. Brünner
Download or read book Early Detection of Breast Cancer written by S. Brünner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enormous expansion seen over the last decade in the mammo graphic detection of breast cancer lesions, especially the use of screen ing procedures for the early detection of clinically unsuspected tumors, has made it necessary to summarize the experience made by various centers in the world. The 2nd International Copenhagen Symposium on Detection of Breast Cancer afforded an opportunity of gathering scientists from all over the world to discuss the various problems of early breast cancer detection with special reference to screening procedures. This book forms a synthesis of the information presented by leading scientists from many of the world's mammo graphic centers, particularly those in Sweden and the USA. Hence, the reader will have the opportunity to study the outstanding work carried out by various institutes and centers of breast cancer screening. It is our sincere hope that a study of this volume will encourage other scientists to join in the work on screening procedures. S. Brunner B. Langfeldt P. E. Andersen Contents S. A. Feig: 1 Hypothetical Breast Cancer Risk from Mammography S. A. Feig: Benefits and Risks of Mammography 11 R. L. Egan and M. B. McSweeney: Multicentric Breast Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 M. B. McSweeney and R. L. Egan: Breast Cancer in the Younger Patient: A Preliminary Report 36 M. B. McSweeney and R. L. Egan: Bilateral Breast Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' 41 N. Bjurstam: The Radiographic Appearance of Normal and Metastatic Axillary Lymph Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 M. Moskowitz, S. A. Feig, C. Cole-Beuglet, S. H.
Book Synopsis EARLY DETECTION OF MALIGNANCY IN HUMAN BREASTS USING DEEP LEARNING by : Ashok Kumar
Download or read book EARLY DETECTION OF MALIGNANCY IN HUMAN BREASTS USING DEEP LEARNING written by Ashok Kumar and published by . This book was released on 2022-10-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast cancer is the fitful growth of cells that originate in the breast tissue. Breast cancer is any form of malignancy which develops from breast cells. Cancer is a disease in which malignancy cells in the body grow, change and multiply out of control. It is the most common cancer disease in women worldwide, especially those who are in the age group of 40 to 55 years and one of the leading causes of death from cancer in women. Breast cancer is reported as the second most prevalent cause of the cancerous death in the report of World Health Organization]. Breast cancer is"the second most common cancer worldwide. There were over 2 million new cases reported in 2018. The recent statistics of a study by American Cancer Society gives an alarming message that about 3,30,080 new cases of breast cancer are expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. and about 2,550 new cases of invasive breast cancer are expected to be diagnosed in men in 2018. These new cases of breast cancer in women are further classified as 2,66,120 new cases of invasive and 63,960 new cases of non-invasive breast cancer. A man's lifetime risk of breast cancer is about 1 in 1,000 whereas 1 in 8 for women which is about 12.4% chances of having breast cancer over the course of the lifetime . The worldwide cancer statistics report says breast cancer is the third most common cancer in the world in terms of number of new cases . In India, there are around 2.5 million diagnosed with cancer and will lead to 5,56,600 deaths per year. By 2020, India is reported to have over 17.5 lakhs diagnosed patients with breast cancer and near 8.8 lakhs deaths caused by this disease . As reported in literature, most prevailing cancer in India is breast cancer and its explanation is a 27% count in all types of cancer in women. Early detection is an exhausting effort and a nerve center on cancer detection. Imaging modalities and advancements in technology disported a far-reaching role in early detection [4]. Mammography has been extensively recognized as a diagnostic and shielding weapon for an early detection of breast cancer and even up to ten years before detection and diagnosis stage. Mammography can curtail the number of mortality native to breast cancer, particularly among women in an age group of years 40-70. Mammography implies the assimilation of anomalies such as calcifications and masses to detect breast cancer. It makes image analysis as a thrust area of research for an early detection of breast cancer. The enactment of a Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system can revamp the early cancer detection rate and could also share the experts workload [6]. A recent report manifested that the enactment of CAD refined the process of breast cancer detection by 7.62% and this automated or semi-automated gizmo has captivated great considerations [6]. Many Computer Aided Diagnosis systems prospected to assist radiologists to curtail the diagnostic errors effectively by using mammogram and MRI imaging modality of breast mass or calcification [33] [26]. Computer Aided Diagnosis systems substantiated a probably compelling tool for detecting the masses or micro calcifications in recent considerations
Download or read book The New Navigators written by Robert Baud and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extensive use of the web by patients and laymen for health information, challenges us to build information services that are easily accessible and trustworthy. The evolution towards a semantic web is addressed and papers covering all the fields of biomedical informatics are also included. [Ed.].
Book Synopsis Reconstituting the 3D Breast Cancer Microenvironment for Chemo and Immunotherapy by : Madhuri Dey
Download or read book Reconstituting the 3D Breast Cancer Microenvironment for Chemo and Immunotherapy written by Madhuri Dey and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metastatic breast cancer is one of the deadliest forms of malignancy, primarily driven by its characteristic microenvironment comprising of cancer cells interacting with immune and stromal components. These interactions induce genetic and metabolic alterations creating a conducive environment for tumor growth. Immune-cancer interactions resulting in an immunosuppressive microenvironment further reduces the anti-tumor efficacy of immune-therapeutics. Thus, despite several advancements in cancer treatment, it still remains elusive with only a 5% success rate of new therapeutics entering clinical trials. This necessitates the development of an in vitro tumor model which would not only help us disseminate the steps in cancer progression but also aid in rapid pre-clinical screening of therapeutics. Traditionally, two-dimensional (2D) tumor models or animal models have been widely used for studying cancer growth; however, these models lack the essential cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions of a native three-dimensional (3D) tissue. A tumor in human body grows in 3D and is surrounded by a dynamic microenvironment, which marks the different stages of tumor progression. Thus, it is essential to fabricate 3D in vitro platforms which are capable of incorporating intricacies of the tumor interaction with its microenvironment. To this end, we have developed a 3D vascularized breast cancer microenvironment comprising of metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) loaded in human dermal fibroblast (HDF)-laden fibrin, representing the tumor stroma. Employing these cell types enabled us to study the impact of matrix as well as stromal cell density on tumor angiogenesis and cancer invasion, two of the major hallmarks of cancer. Specifically, presence of fibroblasts impacted the transcriptional profile of genes involved in tumor angiogenesis and cancer invasion, which further led to the identification of cancer-specific canonical pathways and activated upstream regulators in these complex 3D cultures. Additionally, immune-cancer crosstalk was explored employing different 3D tumor models to assess the efficiency of a novel T cell receptor- (TCR) modified primary human T cells in identifying and killing MR1 expressing MDA-MB-231 cells. TCR-modified T cells were effective in eradicating ~90% cancer cells in MDA-MB-231-only spheroids and ~70% cancer cells in MDA-MB-231/HDF spheroids, over three days of in vitro culture. The effect of T cell localization on tumor growth was also studied using a hybrid bioprinting approach. MDA-MB-231/HDF spheroids bioprinted proximal to T cells exhibited higher expression of IFN-gamma, granzymes, CCL2 and other cytokines, all indicative of T cell activation. Immune-cancer crosstalk was also explored in a dynamic-flow based 3D bioprinted vascularized tumor model. Heterotypic tumor spheroids, comprising metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were precisely bioprinted in a collagen/fibrin biomimetic matrix. Spheroids were bioprinted at proximal (~100 micrometer) and distal (~500 micrometer) locations from a perfused vasculature which revealed enhanced capillary sprouting, angiogenesis and anastomosis for the proximally bioprinted spheroids. Proximally bioprinted spheroids also exhibited higher invasion of cancer cells compared to the distal groups. Doxorubicin, a commonly used chemotherapy drug was perfused through the vasculature at varying dosages. A dose dependent drug response behavior with gradual reduction in tumor growth was observed after 72 h of doxorubicin perfusion. Furthermore, overexpression of several cancer biomarkers was observed for doxorubicin treated groups. Immune-cancer interaction in this complex dynamic microenvironment was studied by perfusing anti HER2-Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells through the central vasculature. Perfusing CAR-T cells for 24 h resulted in extensive T cell recruitment to the endothelium as well as T cell infiltration to the tumor site resulting in decreased in tumor volume. This physiologically-relevant 3D platform paves the way for a robust, high throughput and clinically relevant 3D tumor microenvironment platform for future translation of anti-cancer therapies to personalized medicine for cancer patients.
