Virtual Trade And Comparative Advantage

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Virtual Trade and Comparative Advantage

Author : Sugata Marjit
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811539065
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Virtual Trade and Comparative Advantage by : Sugata Marjit

Download or read book Virtual Trade and Comparative Advantage written by Sugata Marjit and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main purpose of this book is to expose economics graduate students and researchers to the most significant development in international trade that has taken place in the recent past. Service transactions now make up a sizeable portion of global trade. Trade in both final and intermediate inputs is done virtually through information and communication networks, raising afresh the question of the basis of trade and calling for in-depth investigation. This book succinctly comes up with a relatively new explanation for the basis of trade, thus it adds a new dimension to three existing building blocks: technology, endowment, and returns to scale. Against a backdrop of standard Ricardian and Heckscher–Ohlin competitive models of trade, the chapters of this book nicely introduce the issue of communication cost and the difference in time zones between two trading nations. Then follow many intricate phenomena such as informality, skill formation, growth, wage inequality, and decisions regarding foreign direct investment (FDI). However, imperfectly competitive models are not dealt with in great detail as they deserve more space than can be allotted to them here. Given the nonexistence of any research-oriented in-depth analyses of competitive trade models with time-zone differences, this book is a valuable addition to the resources available to researchers and policymakers interested in deciphering recent developments in global trade patterns and the subsequent welfare effect.

Virtual Trade in a Changing World

Author : Sugata Marjit
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009115804
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Virtual Trade in a Changing World by : Sugata Marjit

Download or read book Virtual Trade in a Changing World written by Sugata Marjit and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-08-31 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Virtual economic transactions have radically transformed the way we think about trade and markets in closed and open economies. Continuous decline in costs of information and communications and setting up of phenomenally large number of virtual platforms have brought in 'Time' as an essential element in the discourse on international trade. This work delves deep into the issue of how Time enters as a major catalyst of international trade and virtual transactions. This changes the way we look at ideas of comparative advantage, factor mobility, growth, income distribution, and allied concepts. A key result is that greater physical distance might encourage trade contrary to what we are accustomed to accept.

Heckscher-Ohlin

Author : Tadashi Ito
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Heckscher-Ohlin by : Tadashi Ito

Download or read book Heckscher-Ohlin written by Tadashi Ito and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fragmentation of production chains across borders has been one of the most distinctive features of globalization since the 1980s. Nonetheless, our understanding of its implications for trade theory and policy is only in its infancy. We suggest that trade in value added should follow theories of comparative advantage more closely than gross trade, as value-added flows capture where factors of production, e.g. skilled and unskilled labor, are used along the global value chain. We find empirical evidence that Heckscher-Ohlin theory does predict manufacturing trade in value-added, and it does so better than for gross shipment flows. While countries export across a broad range of sectors, they contribute more value-added in techniques using their abundant factor intensively.

Free Trade and Absolute and Comparative Advantage

Author : Reinhard Schumacher
Publisher : Universitätsverlag Potsdam
ISBN 13 : 3869561955
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (695 download)

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Book Synopsis Free Trade and Absolute and Comparative Advantage by : Reinhard Schumacher

Download or read book Free Trade and Absolute and Comparative Advantage written by Reinhard Schumacher and published by Universitätsverlag Potsdam. This book was released on 2012 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis deals with two theories of international trade: the theory of comparative advantage, which is connected to the name David Ricardo and is dominating current trade theory, and Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage. Both theories are compared and their assumptions are scrutinised. The former theory is rejected on theoretical and empirical grounds in favour of the latter. On the basis of the theory of absolute advantage, developments of free international trade are examined, whereby the focus is on trade between industrial and underdeveloped countries. The main conclusions are that trade patterns are determined by absolute production cost advantages and that the gap between developed and poor countries is not reduced but rather increased by free trade.

Economic Justice in Two MMORPGs

Author : Angela Pool Funai
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Justice in Two MMORPGs by : Angela Pool Funai

Download or read book Economic Justice in Two MMORPGs written by Angela Pool Funai and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The virtual realms of massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) have gained worldwide popularity in recent years. In particular, researchers have identified legitimate elements of community within these aptly called synthetic worlds. The present paper seeks to apply familiar theories of economic justice to two selected MMORPGs to discover how such frameworks are modeled in virtual worlds. We will draw from communitarian, cosmopolitan, and liberal internationalist perspectives, with special attention given to virtual currency and trade.

Comparative Advantage and Growth

Author : David Evans
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Comparative Advantage and Growth by : David Evans

Download or read book Comparative Advantage and Growth written by David Evans and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Comparative Advantage, Geographic Advantage, and the Volume of Trade

Author : James E. Rauch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Comparative Advantage, Geographic Advantage, and the Volume of Trade by : James E. Rauch

Download or read book Comparative Advantage, Geographic Advantage, and the Volume of Trade written by James E. Rauch and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A functional relationship between the degree of a country?s comparative advantage in any good and the volume of its net exports of that good to its trading partner is established using a model with per-unit-distance transportation costs between countries' coasts and their interiors. The greater a country's comparative advantage, the greater the transportation cost it can overcome and hence the deeper its exports can penetrate geographically into its trading partner. The internal spatial structure of a country is modeled using cities as the basic spatial units. It is shown that the city closest to the coast will be the largest and have the highest wage rate and residential rental rates, and that population sizes, wage rates, and residential rental rates of cities all fall as one moves inland.

Comparative Advantage and Heterogeneous Firms

Author : Andrew B. Bernard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Comparative Advantage and Heterogeneous Firms by : Andrew B. Bernard

Download or read book Comparative Advantage and Heterogeneous Firms written by Andrew B. Bernard and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines how country, industry and firm characteristics interact in general equilibrium to determine nations' responses to trade liberalization. When firms possess heterogeneous productivity, countries differ in relative factor abundance and industries vary in factor intensity, falling trade costs induce reallocations of resources both within and across industries and countries. These reallocations generate substantial job turnover in all sectors, spur relatively more creative destruction in comparative advantage industries than comparative disadvantage industries, and magnify ex ante comparative advantage to create additional welfare gains from trade. The relative ascendance of high-productivity firms within industries boosts aggregate productivity and drives down consumer prices. In contrast with the neoclassical model, these price declines dampen and can even reverse the real wage losses of scarce factors as countries liberalize.

Trade in Virtual Water

Author : Ankai Xu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Trade in Virtual Water by : Ankai Xu

Download or read book Trade in Virtual Water written by Ankai Xu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the determinants of virtual water trade - embodied in agricultural products - and tests the relationship between property rights and the export of water-intensive products. Using two different measures of property rights protection, I show that countries with weaker property rights have an apparent comparative advantage in the export of water-intensive products. After controlling for economic size, natural resource endowments and bilateral trade determinants, the trade flow of virtual water is negatively and significantly correlated with the property rights index of the exporting country. The results are robust across different estimation methods.

Can Comparative Advantage Explain the Growth of US Trade?

Author : Alejandro Cuñat
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (254 download)

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Book Synopsis Can Comparative Advantage Explain the Growth of US Trade? by : Alejandro Cuñat

Download or read book Can Comparative Advantage Explain the Growth of US Trade? written by Alejandro Cuñat and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The concept of virtual water as a policy tool?

Author : Kristina Kirfel
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3640958918
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (49 download)

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Book Synopsis The concept of virtual water as a policy tool? by : Kristina Kirfel

Download or read book The concept of virtual water as a policy tool? written by Kristina Kirfel and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-07-14 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich VWL - Umweltökonomie, Note: 1,3, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (Environmental and Resource Economics), Veranstaltung: Land and Water Management, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Water is distributed unevenly over the globe, making it scarce in many regions of the world. This scarcity is projected to increase significantly due to rapid population growth and increasing per capita affluence, leading to higher per capita water consumption. Global climate change may be an additional factor intensifying water shortness in some regions due to an increasing number of drought events. As water scarcity immediately effects agricultural production, food supply is at risk of becoming insecure in countries poorly endowed with water. ALLAN introduced the concept of virtual water in mid 1990s, stressing that import of food crops and thereby of virtual water could be the solution to water scarcity and food insecurity in water deficient countries (see ALLAN, 1996). Meanwhile, the trade of virtual water is strongly promoted in the water resources literature as a policy tool serving to enhance global water use efficiency, release pressure on nations’ short water resources, ensure food security, and even to prevent wars over water (see ALLAN, 1998, p.545). This is supported by the suggestion that food staples are readily available on the world market at prices undercutting the costs of production (see ALLAN, 1996, p.1, YANG AND ZEHNDER, 2002, p.1422). Following its potential benefits, ALLAN even called it ‘‘the dream solution in water-stressed economies’’ (see ALLAN, 2002, cited in ROTH AND WARNER, 2007, p.258). This paper aims at calling attention to the limitations of the concept and the adverse effects virtual water trade can have on the exporting aswell as on the importing countries. While the implementation of virtual water trade may lead to the desired outcome in terms of water savings, it may be socially, economically, and environmentally detrimental, if its many implications are not taken into account and economic and social adjustments to it are lacking. The paper is structured as follows: in chapter 2, the concept of virtual water will be explained by its definition and application to international trade, thereby highlighting its potential in water saving. Chapter 3 is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between water scarcity and virtual water trade, showing that water scarcity is only in few cases the driver of importing water-intensive commodities. [...]

Trade Intensity, Net Trade and Revealed Comparative Advantage

Author : A. A. Gnidchenko
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis Trade Intensity, Net Trade and Revealed Comparative Advantage by : A. A. Gnidchenko

Download or read book Trade Intensity, Net Trade and Revealed Comparative Advantage written by A. A. Gnidchenko and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Comparative Advantage and Gains from Trade in the Presence of Random Preferences

Author : Gerhard Clemenz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (256 download)

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Book Synopsis Comparative Advantage and Gains from Trade in the Presence of Random Preferences by : Gerhard Clemenz

Download or read book Comparative Advantage and Gains from Trade in the Presence of Random Preferences written by Gerhard Clemenz and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Understanding Global Trade

Author : Elhanan Helpman
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674060784
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Global Trade by : Elhanan Helpman

Download or read book Understanding Global Trade written by Elhanan Helpman and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-25 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global trade is of vital interest to citizens as well as policymakers, yet it is widely misunderstood. This compact exposition of the market forces underlying international commerce addresses both of these concerned groups, as well as the needs of students and scholars. Although it contains no equations, it is almost mathematical in its elegance, precision, and power of expression. Understanding Global Trade provides a thorough explanation of what shapes the international organization of production and distribution and the resulting trade flows. It reviews the evolution of knowledge in this field from Adam Smith to today as a process of theoretical modeling, accumulation of new empirical data, and then revision of analytical frameworks in response to evidence and changing circumstances. It explains the sources of comparative advantage and how they lead countries to specialize in making products which they then sell to other countries. While foreign trade contributes to the overall welfare of a nation, it also creates winners and losers, and Helpman describes mechanisms through which trade affects a country's income distribution. The book provides a clear and original account of the revolutions in trade theory of the 1980s and the most recent decade. It shows how scholars shifted the analysis of trade flows from the sectoral level to the business-firm level, to elucidate the growing roles of multinational corporations, offshoring, and outsourcing in the international division of labor. Helpman’s explanation of the latest research findings is essential for an understanding of world affairs.

Trade Liberalisation and "revealed" Comparative Advantage

Author : Bela A. Balassa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (185 download)

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Book Synopsis Trade Liberalisation and "revealed" Comparative Advantage by : Bela A. Balassa

Download or read book Trade Liberalisation and "revealed" Comparative Advantage written by Bela A. Balassa and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Economic Gains from Trade

Author : Robert E. Kennedy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economic Gains from Trade by : Robert E. Kennedy

Download or read book The Economic Gains from Trade written by Robert E. Kennedy and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Food-Energy-Water Nexus

Author : Peter Saundry
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030299147
Total Pages : 686 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis The Food-Energy-Water Nexus by : Peter Saundry

Download or read book The Food-Energy-Water Nexus written by Peter Saundry and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-06 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This will be the first textbook on the integration of food, energy and water systems (FEWS). In recent years, the world has seen a dramatic rise in interdisciplinary energy and environmental courses and degrees at the undergraduate and graduate levels. In the US for instance, the number and variety of such programs has increased significantly over the past decade, Simultaneously, national and international initiatives that integrate food, energy and water systems have been launched. This textbook provides a substantive introduction to the food-energy-water nexus suitable for use in higher level undergraduate and graduate level courses and for scholars moving into the field of nexus studies without a strong background in all three areas and the many aspects of nexus studies.