Viking Silver Hoards And Containers

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Viking Silver, Hoards and Containers

Author : Jacek Gruszczyński
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351243632
Total Pages : 627 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

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Book Synopsis Viking Silver, Hoards and Containers by : Jacek Gruszczyński

Download or read book Viking Silver, Hoards and Containers written by Jacek Gruszczyński and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is widely accepted that the Viking Age (c. 800–1050) stimulated the development of long-distance, regional and local trade and exchange networks. The clearest archaeological evidence for these contacts is mainly in the form of silver artefacts predominantly found in hoards in Northern and Central Europe – the Baltic zone. However, beyond occasional national- or regional-level research, there have been no attempts at a historically guided comparative archaeological survey of the Baltic zone as a whole. By investigating silver hoards and the context of their deposition, Viking Silver, Hoards and Containers seeks to understand the variety of functions performed by hoards; the differences in function within regions; the hoards’ relationship with trade; and the nature and function of emporia. It also examines the extent to which the findings mesh with literary evidence and the nature of the different societies benefiting from the influx of silver in the Viking Age. Crucially, the book features a catalogue, which provides a thorough overview and update of Baltic-zone hoards. Viking Silver, Hoards and Containers is intended for use by students of, and specialists in, early medieval, Viking and Slavic history and archaeology. However, it will also be a useful teaching resource for other general courses in archaeology, anthropology and material culture, numismatics, economic history, religious studies, GIS and statistics.

Viking Silver, Hoards and Containers

Author : Jacek Gruszczynski
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 9780367662486
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis Viking Silver, Hoards and Containers by : Jacek Gruszczynski

Download or read book Viking Silver, Hoards and Containers written by Jacek Gruszczynski and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is widely accepted that the Viking Age (c. 800-1050) stimulated the development of long-distance, regional and local trade and exchange networks. The clearest archaeological evidence for these contacts is mainly in the form of silver artefacts predominantly found in hoards in Northern and Central Europe - the Baltic zone. However, beyond occasional national- or regional-level research, there have been no attempts at a historically guided comparative archaeological survey of the Baltic zone as a whole. By investigating silver hoards and the context of their deposition, Viking Silver, Hoards and Containers seeks to understand the variety of functions performed by hoards; the differences in function within regions; the hoards' relationship with trade; and the nature and function of emporia. It also examines the extent to which the findings mesh with literary evidence and the nature of the different societies benefiting from the influx of silver in the Viking Age. Crucially, the book features a catalogue, which provides a thorough overview and update of Baltic-zone hoards. Viking Silver, Hoards and Containers is intended for use by students of, and specialists in, early medieval, Viking and Slavic history and archaeology. However, it will also be a useful teaching resource for other general courses in archaeology, anthropology and material culture, numismatics, economic history, religious studies, GIS and statistics.

Viking Silver, Hoards and Containers

Author : Jacek Gruszczyński
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351243640
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

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Book Synopsis Viking Silver, Hoards and Containers by : Jacek Gruszczyński

Download or read book Viking Silver, Hoards and Containers written by Jacek Gruszczyński and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is widely accepted that the Viking Age (c. 800–1050) stimulated the development of long-distance, regional and local trade and exchange networks. The clearest archaeological evidence for these contacts is mainly in the form of silver artefacts predominantly found in hoards in Northern and Central Europe – the Baltic zone. However, beyond occasional national- or regional-level research, there have been no attempts at a historically guided comparative archaeological survey of the Baltic zone as a whole. By investigating silver hoards and the context of their deposition, Viking Silver, Hoards and Containers seeks to understand the variety of functions performed by hoards; the differences in function within regions; the hoards’ relationship with trade; and the nature and function of emporia. It also examines the extent to which the findings mesh with literary evidence and the nature of the different societies benefiting from the influx of silver in the Viking Age. Crucially, the book features a catalogue, which provides a thorough overview and update of Baltic-zone hoards. Viking Silver, Hoards and Containers is intended for use by students of, and specialists in, early medieval, Viking and Slavic history and archaeology. However, it will also be a useful teaching resource for other general courses in archaeology, anthropology and material culture, numismatics, economic history, religious studies, GIS and statistics.

Silver Economy in the Viking Age

Author : James Graham-Campbell
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315420163
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis Silver Economy in the Viking Age by : James Graham-Campbell

Download or read book Silver Economy in the Viking Age written by James Graham-Campbell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-03 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book contributions by archaeologists and numismatists from six countries address different aspects of how silver was used in both Scandinavia and the wider Viking world during the 8th to 11th centuries AD. The volume brings together a combination of recent summaries and new work on silver and gold coinage, rings and bullion, which allow a better appreciation of the broader socioeconomic conditions of the Viking world. This is an indispensable source for all archaeologists, historians and numismatists involved in Viking Studies.

The Huxley Viking Hoard

Author : James Graham-Campbell
Publisher : Liverpool University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781902700403
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis The Huxley Viking Hoard by : James Graham-Campbell

Download or read book The Huxley Viking Hoard written by James Graham-Campbell and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2004 an important new Viking silver hoard was discovered near Huxley, Cheshire. This book brings together leading specialists on the Vikings to set out the latest research into Scandinavian settlement and activity in the North West and Wales, including archaeological evidence and the contribution of place names, historical research, and stone sculpture to our understanding of the period. These contributors also provide a definitive account of the objects themselves, their likely origin and date of manufacture, and consider the intriguing questions of why the hoard was buried in England and by whom.

Means of Exchange

Author : Dagfinn Skre
Publisher : Aarhus Universitetsforlag
ISBN 13 : 8771244328
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (712 download)

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Book Synopsis Means of Exchange by : Dagfinn Skre

Download or read book Means of Exchange written by Dagfinn Skre and published by Aarhus Universitetsforlag. This book was released on 2008-12-31 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second volume, based on the excavations of the Viking town Kaupang 2000-2003, presents find types used in economic transactions - coins, hacksilver, ingots, weights and balances. Changes in type and volume of economic transactions at Kaupang and in Scandinavia are discussed, and the economic mentality of Viking crafts- and tradesmen is explored. Earlier, the study of Viking silver currency was based mainly on hoards containing coins and hacksilver. In this volume, the combined study of the find types mentioned, as well as the sophisticated chronology of settlements finds from sites like Kaupang, gives a completely new insight into economy and exchange. In the early 9th century, silver and goods seem to have come to Kaupang mainly from the Carolingian world. Silver, weighed with locally produced lead weights, was used as currency on a limited scale. The old e unit was easily convertible to Carolingian units. After the mid-9th century this early system was altered. The increased availability of silver caused by the import of Islamic coins, as well as the introduction in most of Scandinavia in the 860s/870s of standardized weights of probable Islamic origin, paved the way from then on for an increasing use of silver as payment. These studies demonstrate that sites like Kaupang led the way in economic development in Scandinavia. The urban environment promoted an economic mentality which contributed significantly to the fundamental transformation of Scandinavian culture and society, which culminated in the region's integration in Christian Europe in the High Middle Ages.

Silver, Butter, Cloth

Author : Jane Kershaw
Publisher : Medieval History and Archaeolo
ISBN 13 : 0198827989
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Silver, Butter, Cloth by : Jane Kershaw

Download or read book Silver, Butter, Cloth written by Jane Kershaw and published by Medieval History and Archaeolo. This book was released on 2019-02-06 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silver, Butter, Cloth advances current debates about the nature and complexity of Viking economic systems. It explores how silver and other commodities were used in monetary and social economies across the Scandinavian world of the Viking Age (c. 800-1100 AD) before and alongside the wide scale introduction of coinage. Taking a multi-disciplinary approach that unites archaeological, numismatic, and metallurgical analyses, Kershaw and Williams examine the uses and sources of silver in both monetary and social transactions, addressing topics such as silver fragmentation, hoarding, and coin production and re-use. Uniquely, it also goes beyond silver, giving the first detailed consideration of the monetary role of butter, cloth, and gold in the Viking economy. Indeed, it is instrumental in developing methodologies to identify such commodity monies in the archaeological record. The use of silver and other commodities within Viking economies is a dynamic field of study, fuelled by important recent discoveries across the Viking world. The 14 contributions to this book, by a truly international group of scholars, draw on newly available archaeological data from eastern Europe, Scandinavia, the North Atlantic, and the British Isles and Ireland, to present the latest original research. Together, they deepen understanding of Viking monetary and social economies and advance new definitions of 'economy', 'currency', and 'value' in the ninth to eleventh centuries.

Viking-Age Trade

Author : Jacek Gruszczyński
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 135186615X
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis Viking-Age Trade by : Jacek Gruszczyński

Download or read book Viking-Age Trade written by Jacek Gruszczyński and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: That there was an influx of silver dirhams from the Muslim world into eastern and northern Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries is well known, as is the fact that the largest concentration of hoards is on the Baltic island of Gotland. Recent discoveries have shown that dirhams were reaching the British Isles, too. What brought the dirhams to northern Europe in such large numbers? The fur trade has been proposed as one driver for transactions, but the slave trade offers another – complementary – explanation. This volume does not offer a comprehensive delineation of the hoard finds, or a full answer to the question of what brought the silver north. But it highlights the trade in slaves as driving exchanges on a trans-continental scale. By their very nature, the nexuses were complex, mutable and unclear even to contemporaries, and they have eluded modern scholarship. Contributions to this volume shed light on processes and key places: the mints of Central Asia; the chronology of the inflows of dirhams to Rus and northern Europe; the reasons why silver was deposited in the ground and why so much ended up on Gotland; the functioning of networks – perhaps comparable to the twenty-first-century drug trade; slave-trading in the British Isles; and the stimulus and additional networks that the Vikings brought into play. This combination of general surveys, presentations of fresh evidence and regional case studies sets Gotland and the early medieval slave trade in a firmer framework than has been available before.

Exploring Ireland’s Viking-Age Towns

Author : Rebecca Boyd
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000984397
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Exploring Ireland’s Viking-Age Towns by : Rebecca Boyd

Download or read book Exploring Ireland’s Viking-Age Towns written by Rebecca Boyd and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-10-20 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring Ireland’s Viking-Age Towns discusses the emergence of towns, urban lifestyles, and urban identities in Ireland. This coincides with the arrival of the Vikings and the appearance of the post-and-wattle Type 1 house. These houses reflect this crucial transition to urban living with its attendant changes for individuals, households, and society. Exploring Ireland’s Viking-Age Towns uses household archaeology as a lens to explore the materiality, variability, and day-to-day experiences of living in these houses. It moves from the intimate scale of individual households to the larger scale of Ireland’s earliest urban communities. For the first time, this book considers how these houses were more than just buildings: they were homes, important places where people lived, worked, and died. These new towns were busy places with a multitude of people, ideas, and things. This book uses the mass of archaeological data to undertake comparative analyses of houses and properties, artefact distribution patterns, and access analysis studies to interrogate some 500 Viking-Age urban houses. This analysis is structured in three parts: an investigation of the houses, the households, and the town. Exploring Ireland’s Viking-Age Towns discusses how these new urban households managed their homes to create a sense of place and belonging in these new environments and allow themselves to develop a new, urban identity. This book is suited to advanced students and specialists of the Viking Age in Ireland, but archaeologists and historians of the early medieval and Viking worlds will find much of interest here. It will also appeal to readers with interests in the archaeology of house and home, households, identities, and urban studies.

Vikings of the Steppe

Author : Csete Katona
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000685179
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Vikings of the Steppe by : Csete Katona

Download or read book Vikings of the Steppe written by Csete Katona and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-09-28 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the relationship between Vikings, Rus’ and nomadic (mostly Turkic) steppe dwellers during the course of the Viking Age (c. 750–1050) in a geographical area stretching from Eastern Scandinavia through the Kievan Rus’, Byzantium, the Islamic world to the Western Eurasian steppes. The primary focus is the steppe influence on the development of Scandinavian-Rus’ culture. It illustrates the effects of Turkic (nomadic) cultures on the evolving Scandinavian-Rus’ communities in their military technology and tactics, as well as in everyday customs, ritual traditions and religious perceptions, whilst paying attention to the politico-commercial necessities and possible communication channels tying these two cultures, normally considered to be distinct, together. The arguments are supported by a multi-disciplinary analysis of diverse historical and archaeological materials occasionally supplemented with linguistic evidence. The result is a comprehensive evaluation of the relations of the Scandinavians active in the ‘East’ with Turkic groups, and brings (the so far neglected) steppes into Viking studies in general. The book will fill a serious scholarly gap in the field of Viking studies and will be read by both academics and students interested in the archaeological and historical sources concerned with the traditions of the ‘Eastern Vikings’.

A Viking Market Kingdom in Ireland and Britain

Author : Tom Horne
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 100053314X
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis A Viking Market Kingdom in Ireland and Britain by : Tom Horne

Download or read book A Viking Market Kingdom in Ireland and Britain written by Tom Horne and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-30 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viking-Age trade, network theory, silver economies, kingdom formation, and the Scandinavian raiding and settlement of Ireland and Britain are all popular subjects. However, few have looked for possible connections between these phenomena, something this book suggests were closely related. By allying Blomkvist’s network-kingdoms with Sindbæk’s nodal market-networks, it is argued that the political and economic character of Viking-Age Britain and Ireland – my ‘Insular Scandinavia’ – is best understood if Dublin and Jórvík are seen as being established as nodes of a market-based network-kingdom. Based on a dataset relating to the then developing bullion economies of the central and eastern Scandinavian worlds and southern Scandinavia in particular, it is argued that war-band leaders from, or familiar with, ‘Danish’ markets like Hedeby and Kaupang transposed to Insular Scandinavia the concept of polities based on establishment of markets and the protection of routeways between them. Using this book, readers can think of interlinked Dublin and Great Army elites creating an Insular version of a Danish-style nodal market kingdom based on commerce and silver currencies. A Viking Market Kingdom in Ireland and Britain will help specialist researchers and students of Viking archaeology make connections between southern Scandinavia and the market economy of the Uí Ímair (‘descendants of Ívarr’) operating out of the twin nodes of Dublin and Jórvík via the initial establishment of Hiberno-Scandinavian longphuirt and the related winter-camps of the Viking Great Army.

The Vikings

Author : Neil Price
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 0429632819
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis The Vikings by : Neil Price

Download or read book The Vikings written by Neil Price and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-12 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Vikings provides a concise but comprehensive introduction to the complex world of the early medieval Scandinavians. In the space of less than 300 years, from the mid-eighth to the mid-eleventh centuries CE, people from what are now Norway, Sweden, and Denmark left their homelands in unprecedented numbers to travel across the Eurasian world. Over the last half-century, archaeology and its related disciplines have radically altered our understanding of this period. The Vikings explores why we now perceive them as a cosmopolitan mix of traders and warriors, craftsworkers and poets, explorers, and settlers. It details how, over the course of the Viking Age, their small-scale rural, tribal societies gradually became urbanised monarchies firmly emplaced on the stage of literate, Christian Europe. In the process, they transformed the cultures of the North, created the modern Nordic nation-states, and left a far-flung diaspora with legacies that still resonate today. Written by leading experts in the period and exploring the society, economy, identity and world-views of the early medieval Scandinavian peoples, and their unique religious beliefs that are still of enduring interest a millennium later, this book presents students with an unrivalled guide through this widely studied and fascinating subject, revealing the fundamental impacts of the Vikings in shaping the later course of European history.

Muslims on the Volga in the Viking Age

Author : Jonathan Shepard
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0755618173
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (556 download)

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Book Synopsis Muslims on the Volga in the Viking Age by : Jonathan Shepard

Download or read book Muslims on the Volga in the Viking Age written by Jonathan Shepard and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-09-21 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The year 922 saw a series of remarkable face-to-face encounters in the steppes between Bukhara and the Middle Volga. Ibn Fadlan was an intrepid member of a diplomatic and religious mission from the distant caliphate in Baghdad to the ruler of the Volga Bulgars. His account gives a vivid eyewitness description of the peoples he came upon (whose appearance, rituals and filthy habits both fascinate and appal) and a famous depiction of a Viking Rus ship burial. It is unique testimony to burgeoning exchanges between several different cultures, and to the emergence of new political structures on the steppes. Yet the account survives only as part of a later composite work, raising questions of meaning and historical interpretation. This pioneering interdisciplinary study of Ibn Fadlan's text and the world he surveyed draws on a variety of specialists to give readers both 'the bigger picture' of cultural and economic change in Eurasia, Byzantium and the Muslim world, and hard facts, in the form of archaeological and numismatic data.

The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Archaeology

Author : Bethany Walker
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197507875
Total Pages : 793 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Archaeology by : Bethany Walker

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Archaeology written by Bethany Walker and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Born from the fields of Islamic art and architectural history, the archaeological study of the Islamic societies is a relatively young discipline. With its roots in the colonial periods of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, its rapid development since the 1980s warrants a reevaluation of where the field stands today. This Handbook represents for the first time a survey of Islamic archaeology on a global scale, describing its disciplinary development and offering candid critiques of the state of the field today in the Central Islamic Lands, the Islamic West, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia. The international contributors to the volume address such themes as the timing and process of Islamization, the problems of periodization and regionalism in material culture, cities and countryside, cultural hybridity, cultural and religious diversity, natural resource management, international trade in the later historical periods, and migration. Critical assessments of the ways in which archaeologists today engage with Islamic cultural heritage and local communities closes the volume, highlighting the ethical issues related to studying living cultures and religions. Richly illustrated, with extensive citations, it is the reference work on the debates that drive the field today.

Children of Ash and Elm

Author : Neil Price
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 0465096999
Total Pages : 629 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Children of Ash and Elm by : Neil Price

Download or read book Children of Ash and Elm written by Neil Price and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2020-08-25 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive history of the Vikings -- from arts and culture to politics and cosmology -- by a distinguished archaeologist with decades of expertise The Viking Age -- from 750 to 1050 -- saw an unprecedented expansion of the Scandinavian peoples into the wider world. As traders and raiders, explorers and colonists, they ranged from eastern North America to the Asian steppe. But for centuries, the Vikings have been seen through the eyes of others, distorted to suit the tastes of medieval clerics and Elizabethan playwrights, Victorian imperialists, Nazis, and more. None of these appropriations capture the real Vikings, or the richness and sophistication of their culture. Based on the latest archaeological and textual evidence, Children of Ash and Elm tells the story of the Vikings on their own terms: their politics, their cosmology and religion, their material world. Known today for a stereotype of maritime violence, the Vikings exported new ideas, technologies, beliefs, and practices to the lands they discovered and the peoples they encountered, and in the process were themselves changed. From Eirík Bloodaxe, who fought his way to a kingdom, to Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir, the most traveled woman in the world, Children of Ash and Elm is the definitive history of the Vikings and their time.

Scandinavia in the Age of Vikings

Author : Jon Vidar Sigurdsson
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501760491
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Scandinavia in the Age of Vikings by : Jon Vidar Sigurdsson

Download or read book Scandinavia in the Age of Vikings written by Jon Vidar Sigurdsson and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-15 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Scandinavia in the Age of Vikings, Jón Viðar Sigurðsson returns to the Viking homeland, Scandinavia, highlighting such key aspects of Viking life as power and politics, social and kinship networks, gifts and feasting, religious beliefs, women's roles, social classes, and the Viking economy, which included farming, iron mining and metalworking, and trade. Drawing of the latest archeological research and on literary sources, namely the sagas, Sigurðsson depicts a complex and surprisingly peaceful society that belies the popular image of Norsemen as bloodthirsty barbarians. Instead, Vikings often acted out power struggles symbolically, with local chieftains competing with each other through displays of wealth in the form of great feasts and gifts, rather than arms. At home, conspicuous consumption was a Viking leader's most important virtue; the brutality associated with them was largely wreaked abroad. Sigurðsson's engaging history of the Vikings at home begins by highlighting political developments in the region, detailing how Danish kings assumed ascendency over the region and the ways in which Viking friendship reinforced regional peace. Scandinavia in the Age of Vikings then discusses the importance of religion, first pagan and (beginning around 1000 A.D.) Christianity; the central role that women played in politics and war; and how the enormous wealth brought back to Scandinavia affected the social fabric—shedding new light on Viking society.

Making Money in the Early Middle Ages

Author : Rory Naismith
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691249334
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Making Money in the Early Middle Ages by : Rory Naismith

Download or read book Making Money in the Early Middle Ages written by Rory Naismith and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2023-07-11 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of coined money and its significance to rulers, aristocrats and peasants in early medieval Europe Between the end of the Roman Empire in the fifth century and the economic transformations of the twelfth, coined money in western Europe was scarce and high in value, difficult for the majority of the population to make use of. And yet, as Rory Naismith shows in this illuminating study, coined money was made and used throughout early medieval Europe. It was, he argues, a powerful tool for articulating people’s place in economic and social structures and an important gauge for levels of economic complexity. Working from the premise that using coined money carried special significance when there was less of it around, Naismith uses detailed case studies from the Mediterranean and northern Europe to propose a new reading of early medieval money as a point of contact between economic, social, and institutional history. Naismith examines structural issues, including the mining and circulation of metal and the use of bullion and other commodities as money, and then offers a chronological account of monetary development, discussing the post-Roman period of gold coinage, the rise of the silver penny in the seventh century and the reconfiguration of elite power in relation to coinage in the tenth and eleventh centuries. In the process, he counters the conventional view of early medieval currency as the domain only of elite gift-givers and intrepid long-distance traders. Even when there were few coins in circulation, Naismith argues, the ways they were used—to give gifts, to pay rents, to spend at markets—have much to tell us.