Victorian Scientific Naturalism

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Victorian Scientific Naturalism

Author : Gowan Dawson
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022610964X
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Victorian Scientific Naturalism by : Gowan Dawson

Download or read book Victorian Scientific Naturalism written by Gowan Dawson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-04-28 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Victorian Scientific Naturalism examines the secular creeds of the generation of intellectuals who, in the wake of The Origin of Species, wrested cultural authority from the old Anglican establishment while installing themselves as a new professional scientific elite. These scientific naturalists—led by biologists, physicists, and mathematicians such as William Kingdon Clifford, Joseph Dalton Hooker, Thomas Henry Huxley, and John Tyndall—sought to persuade both the state and the public that scientists, not theologians, should be granted cultural authority, since their expertise gave them special insight into society, politics, and even ethics. In Victorian Scientific Naturalism, Gowan Dawson and Bernard Lightman bring together new essays by leading historians of science and literary critics that recall these scientific naturalists, in light of recent scholarship that has tended to sideline them, and that reevaluate their place in the broader landscape of nineteenth-century Britain. Ranging in topic from daring climbing expeditions in the Alps to the maintenance of aristocratic protocols of conduct at Kew Gardens, these essays offer a series of new perspectives on Victorian scientific naturalism—as well as its subsequent incarnations in the early twentieth century—that together provide an innovative understanding of the movement centering on the issues of community, identity, and continuity.

The Age of Scientific Naturalism

Author : Bernard Lightman
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 0822981645
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis The Age of Scientific Naturalism by : Bernard Lightman

Download or read book The Age of Scientific Naturalism written by Bernard Lightman and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2016-02-19 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physicist John Tyndall and his contemporaries were at the forefront of developing the cosmology of scientific naturalism during the Victorian period. They rejected all but physical laws as having any impact on the operations of human life and the universe. Contributors focus on the way Tyndall and his correspondents developed their ideas through letters, periodicals and scientific journals and challenge previously held assumptions about who gained authority, and how they attained and defended their position within the scientific community.

Between Science and Religion

Author : Frank Miller Turner
Publisher : New Haven : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300016789
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (167 download)

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Book Synopsis Between Science and Religion by : Frank Miller Turner

Download or read book Between Science and Religion written by Frank Miller Turner and published by New Haven : Yale University Press. This book was released on 1974-01-01 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Phrenology and the Origins of Victorian Scientific Naturalism

Author : John van Wyhe
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351911295
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Phrenology and the Origins of Victorian Scientific Naturalism by : John van Wyhe

Download or read book Phrenology and the Origins of Victorian Scientific Naturalism written by John van Wyhe and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through a reassessment of phrenology, Phrenology and the Origins of Victorian Scientific Naturalism sheds light on all kinds of works in Victorian Britain and America which have previously been unnoticed or were simply referred to with a vague 'naturalism of the times' explanation. It is often assumed that the scientific naturalism familiar in late nineteenth century writers such as T.H. Huxley and John Tyndall are the effects of a 'Darwinian revolution' unleashed in 1859 on an unsuspecting world following the publication of The Origin of Species. Yet it can be misleading to view Darwin's work in isolation, without locating it in the context of a well established and vigorous debate concerning scientific naturalism. Throughout the nineteenth century intellectuals and societies had been discussing the relationship between nature and man, and the scientific and religious implications thereof. At the forefront of these debates were the advocates of phrenology, who sought to apply their theories to a wide range of subjects, from medicine and the treatment of the insane, to education, theology and even economic theories. Showing how ideas about naturalism and the doctrine of natural laws were born in the early phrenology controversies in the 1820s, this book charts the spread of such views. It argues that one book in particular, The Constitution of Man in Relation to External Objects (1828) by George Combe, had an enormous influence on scientific thinking and the popularity of the 'naturalistic movement'. The Constitution was one of the best-selling books of the nineteenth century, being published continuously from 1828 to 1899, and selling more than 350,000 copies throughout the world, many times more than Dawin's The Origin of Species. By restoring Combe and his work to centre stage it provides modern scholars with a more accurate picture of the Victorians' view of their place in Nature.

Huxley's Church and Maxwell's Demon

Author : Matthew Stanley
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022616487X
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Huxley's Church and Maxwell's Demon by : Matthew Stanley

Download or read book Huxley's Church and Maxwell's Demon written by Matthew Stanley and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Victorian period science shifted from being practiced in a theistic context (integrating religious considerations and ideas) to a naturalistic context (explicitly forbidding religious matters). This book examines the foundations of that change. While it is generally thought that the transformation was due to the methodological superiority of naturalistic science, Matthew Stanley shows that most of the methodological values underlying scientific practice were virtually identical between the theists and the naturalists. Each agreed on the importance of the uniformity of natural laws, the use of hypothesis and theory, the moral value of science, and intellectual freedom. This was despite the claims by both groups that those fundamentals were intrinsic to their worldview, and completely incompatible with that of their opponents. Stanley goes on to argue that the victory of the scientific naturalists came from deliberate strategies executed over a generation to gain control of the institutions of scientific education and to re-imagine the history of their discipline. Rather than a sudden revolution, the similarity between theistic and naturalistic science allowed for a relatively smooth transition in practice from the old guard to the new. "Huxley's Church and Maxwell's Demon" explores this shift through a parallel study of two major scientific figures: James Clerk Maxwell, a devout Christian physicist, and Thomas Henry Huxley, the iconoclast biologist who coined the word agnostic. Both were deeply engaged in the methodological, institutional, and political issues that were crucial to the theistic-naturalistic transformation. The author s astute examination of the ascendance of scientific naturalism sheds new light on the controversies over science and religion in modern America. "

The Constitution of Man Considered in Relation to External Objects

Author : George Combe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Constitution of Man Considered in Relation to External Objects by : George Combe

Download or read book The Constitution of Man Considered in Relation to External Objects written by George Combe and published by . This book was released on 1899 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Semi-Detached

Author : John Plotz
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691259275
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Semi-Detached by : John Plotz

Download or read book Semi-Detached written by John Plotz and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2024-02-27 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical look at the aesthetic encounter with semi-detachment through literature and art When you are half lost in a work of art, what happens to the half left behind? Semi-Detached delves into this state of being: what it means to be within and without our social and physical milieu, at once interacting and drifting away, and how it affects our ideas about aesthetics. The allure of many modern aesthetic experiences, this book argues, is that artworks trigger and provide ways to make sense of this oscillating, in-between place. John Plotz focuses on Victorian and early modernist writers and artists who understood their work as tapping into, amplifying, or giving shape to a suspended duality of experience. The book begins with the decline of the romantic tale, the rise of realism, and John Stuart Mill’s ideas about social interaction and subjective perception. Plotz examines Pre-Raphaelite paintings that take semi-detached states of attention as their subject and novels that treat provincial subjects as simultaneously peripheral and central. He discusses how realist writers such as Charles Dickens, George Eliot, and Henry James show how consciousness can be in more than one place at a time; how the work of William Morris demonstrates the shifting forms of semi-detachment in print and visual media; and how Willa Cather created a form of modernism that connected aesthetic dreaming and reality. Plotz concludes with a look at early cinema and the works of Buster Keaton, who found remarkable ways to portray semi-detachment on screen. In a time of cyberdependency and virtual worlds, when it seems that attention to everyday reality is stretching thin, Semi-Detached takes a historical and critical look at the halfway-thereness that audiences have long comprehended and embraced in their aesthetic encounters.

The "creed of Science" in Victorian England

Author : Roy M. MacLeod
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The "creed of Science" in Victorian England by : Roy M. MacLeod

Download or read book The "creed of Science" in Victorian England written by Roy M. MacLeod and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2000 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nineteenth century, which saw the triumph of the idea of progress and improvement, saw also the triumph of science as a political and cultural force. In England, as science and its methods claimed privilege and space, its language acquired the vocabulary of religion. The new 'creed' of science embraced what John Tyndall called the 'scientific movement'; it was, in the language of T.H. Huxley, a militant creed. The 'march' of invention, the discoveries of chemistry, and the wonders of steam and electricity culminated in a crusade against ignorance and unbelief. It was a creed that looked to its own apostolic succession from Copernicus, Galileo and the martyrs of the 'scientific revolution'. Yet, it was a creed whose doctrines were divisive, and whose convictions resisted. Alongside arguments for materialism, utility, positivism, and evolutionary naturalism, persisted reservations about the nature of man, the role of ethics, and the limits of scientific method. These essays discuss leading strategists in the scientific movement of late-Victorian England. At the same time, they show how 'science established' served not only the scientific community, but also the interests of imperial and colonial powers.

The X Club

Author : Ruth Barton
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022655175X
Total Pages : 617 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)

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Book Synopsis The X Club by : Ruth Barton

Download or read book The X Club written by Ruth Barton and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-11-21 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1864, amid headline-grabbing heresy trials, members of the British Association for the Advancement of Science were asked to sign a declaration affirming that science and scripture were in agreement. Many criticized the new test of orthodoxy; nine decided that collaborative action was required. The X Club tells their story. These six ambitious professionals and three wealthy amateurs—J. D. Hooker, T. H. Huxley, John Tyndall, John Lubbock, William Spottiswoode, Edward Frankland, George Busk, T. A. Hirst, and Herbert Spencer—wanted to guide the development of science and public opinion on issues where science impinged on daily life, religious belief, and politics. They formed a private dining club, which they named the X Club, to discuss and further their plans. As Ruth Barton shows, they had a clear objective: they wanted to promote “scientific habits of mind,” which they sought to do through lectures, journalism, and science education. They devoted enormous effort to the expansion of science education, with real, but mixed, success. For twenty years, the X Club was the most powerful network in Victorian science—the men succeeded each other in the presidency of the Royal Society for a dozen years. Barton’s group biography traces the roots of their success and the lasting effects of their championing of science against those who attempted to limit or control it, along the way shedding light on the social organization of science, the interactions of science and the state, and the places of science and scientific men in elite culture in the Victorian era.

Evolutionary Naturalism in Victorian Britain

Author : Bernard Lightman
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000948315
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolutionary Naturalism in Victorian Britain by : Bernard Lightman

Download or read book Evolutionary Naturalism in Victorian Britain written by Bernard Lightman and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholars have tended to portray T.H. Huxley, John Tyndall, and their allies as the dominant cultural authority in the second half of the 19th century. Defenders of Darwin and his theory of evolution, these men of science are often seen as a potent force for the secularization of British intellectual and social life. In this collection of essays Bernard Lightman argues that historians have exaggerated the power of scientific naturalism to undermine the role of religion in middle and late-Victorian Britain. The essays deal with the evolutionary naturalists, especially the biologist Thomas Henry Huxley, the physicist John Tyndall, and the philosopher of evolution, Herbert Spencer. But they look also at those who criticized this influential group of elite intellectuals, including aristocratic spokesman A. J Balfour, the novelist Samuel Butler, and the popularizer of science Frank Buckland. Focusing on the theme of the limitations of the cultural power of evolutionary naturalism, the volume points to the enduring strength of religion in Britain in the latter half of the 19th century.

Contesting Cultural Authority

Author : Frank M. Turner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521372572
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (725 download)

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Book Synopsis Contesting Cultural Authority by : Frank M. Turner

Download or read book Contesting Cultural Authority written by Frank M. Turner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-04-08 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A volume of essays which constitutes a major overview of the Victorian intellectual enterprise.

Between Science and religion

Author : Frank Miller Turner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis Between Science and religion by : Frank Miller Turner

Download or read book Between Science and religion written by Frank Miller Turner and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Science Without God?

Author : Peter Harrison
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192571540
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Science Without God? by : Peter Harrison

Download or read book Science Without God? written by Peter Harrison and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-03 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can scientific explanation ever make reference to God or the supernatural? The present consensus is no; indeed, a naturalistic stance is usually taken to be a distinguishing feature of modern science. Some would go further still, maintaining that the success of scientific explanation actually provides compelling evidence that there are no supernatural entities, and that true science, from the very beginning, was opposed to religious thinking. Science without God? Rethinking the History of Scientific Naturalism shows that the history of Western science presents us with a more nuanced picture. Beginning with the naturalists of ancient Greece, and proceeding through the middle ages, the scientific revolution, and into the nineteenth century, the contributors examine past ideas about 'nature' and 'the supernatural'. Ranging over different scientific disciplines and historical periods, they show how past thinkers often relied upon theological ideas and presuppositions in their systematic investigations of the world. In addition to providing material that contributes to a history of 'nature' and naturalism, this collection challenges a number of widely held misconceptions about the history of scientific naturalism.

Moral Authority, Men of Science, and the Victorian Novel

Author : Anne DeWitt
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107036178
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Authority, Men of Science, and the Victorian Novel by : Anne DeWitt

Download or read book Moral Authority, Men of Science, and the Victorian Novel written by Anne DeWitt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anne DeWitt examines how Victorian novelists challenged the claims of men of science to align scientific practice with moral excellence.

Victorian Science in Context

Author : Bernard Lightman
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226481107
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis Victorian Science in Context by : Bernard Lightman

Download or read book Victorian Science in Context written by Bernard Lightman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-07-31 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Victorians were fascinated by the flood of strange new worlds that science was opening to them. Exotic plants and animals poured into London from all corners of the Empire, while revolutionary theories such as the radical idea that humans might be descended from apes drew crowds to heated debates. Men and women of all social classes avidly collected scientific specimens for display in their homes and devoured literature about science and its practitioners. Victorian Science in Context captures the essence of this fascination, charting the many ways in which science influenced and was influenced by the larger Victorian culture. Contributions from leading scholars in history, literature, and the history of science explore questions such as: What did science mean to the Victorians? For whom was Victorian science written? What ideological messages did it convey? The contributors show how practical concerns interacted with contextual issues to mold Victorian science—which in turn shaped much of the relationship between modern science and culture.

Victorian Scientific Naturalism and Its Influence on the Thought of Walter Pater

Author : James A. McGeachie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (184 download)

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Book Synopsis Victorian Scientific Naturalism and Its Influence on the Thought of Walter Pater by : James A. McGeachie

Download or read book Victorian Scientific Naturalism and Its Influence on the Thought of Walter Pater written by James A. McGeachie and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Evolutionary Naturalism in Victorian Britain

Author : Bernard V. Lightman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781003417651
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolutionary Naturalism in Victorian Britain by : Bernard V. Lightman

Download or read book Evolutionary Naturalism in Victorian Britain written by Bernard V. Lightman and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholars have tended to portray T.H. Huxley, John Tyndall, and their allies as the dominant cultural authority in the second half of the 19th century. Defenders of Darwin and his theory of evolution, these men of science are often seen as a potent force for the secularization of British intellectual and social life. In this collection of essays Bernard Lightman argues that historians have exaggerated the power of scientific naturalism to undermine the role of religion in middle and late-Victorian Britain. The essays deal with the evolutionary naturalists, especially the biologist Thomas Henry Huxley, the physicist John Tyndall, and the philosopher of evolution, Herbert Spencer. But they look also at those who criticized this influential group of elite intellectuals, including aristocratic spokesman A. J Balfour, the novelist Samuel Butler, and the popularizer of science Frank Buckland. Focusing on the theme of the limitations of the cultural power of evolutionary naturalism, the volume points to the enduring strength of religion in Britain in the latter half of the 19th century.