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Vertical Integration And Market Entry In The Generic Pharmaceutical Industry
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Book Synopsis Vertical Integration and Market Entry in the Generic Pharmaceutical Industry by : Kensuke Kubo
Download or read book Vertical Integration and Market Entry in the Generic Pharmaceutical Industry written by Kensuke Kubo and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation explores the relationship between vertical integration and market structure formation. It does so by combining the empirical industrial organization literature on vertical integration with that on market entry. The first empirical essay, Chapter 2, explores the motives for vertical integration in the US generic pharmaceutical industry. The industry is made up of numerous drug markets that open up to competition among generic manufacturers at different points in time. Each market consists of an upstream segment that manufactures active pharmaceutical ingredients, and a downstream segment that processes the active pharmaceutical ingredients into finished formulations and supplies them to final consumers. The econometric analysis shows that vertical integration in the generic drug industry is characterized by bandwagon behavior. While bandwagon effects have been widely discussed in the vertical integration literature, this study is one of the first to present empirical evidence on its existence. The analysis also indicates that vertical integration is partly driven by the need for a particular form of relationship-specific non-contractible investment -- the early development of active pharmaceutical ingredients by upstream units. The relationship-specificity of such investments is greater in markets where generic firms try to enter by challenging the patents held by originator pharmaceutical companies. I find that in such markets, individual firms have a higher propensity to vertically integrate. The second empirical essay, presented as Chapter 3, introduces an econometric model of a vertical entry game. The model is used to estimate rival effects -- the effect of rival entry on the post-entry profits of individual firms. These estimates allow us to make inferences about the competitive effects of vertical integration. Application of the model to the generic pharmaceutical industry yields the following result: vertical integration has significant efficiency effects that benefit unintegrated downstream firms. This implies that vertical integration is likely to be procompetitive from a static point of view. The parameter estimates are used to simulate the impact of a hypothetical policy that bans vertically integrated entry. The results indicate that such a ban tends to reduce the equilibrium number of downstream entrants. This suggests that the effect of vertical integration on market structure formation is also procompetitive.
Book Synopsis Common Ownership and Market Entry by : Melissa Newham
Download or read book Common Ownership and Market Entry written by Melissa Newham and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Common ownership - where two firms are at least partially owned by the same investor - and its impact on product market outcomes has recently drawn attention from scholars and practitioners. Previous research links common ownership with higher prices. This paper focuses on implications for market entry. In particular, we consider the entry decisions of generic pharmaceutical firms into drug markets opened up by the end of regulatory protection in the US. We provide a theoretical framework that shows that greater common ownership between the brand firm (incumbent) and a potential generic entrant reduces the likelihood that the generic enters. We find robust evidence for this prediction. The negative effect of common ownership on entry is large: a one-standard-deviation increase in common ownership decreases the probability of generic entry by 9-13%. We extend our basic framework to allow for strategic interaction between generics' entry decisions, and show that our main prediction still holds. Further, our model shows that the classical idea of entry decisions being strategic substitutes can be reversed into being strategic complements for sufficiently high levels of common ownership between the brand and potential generic entrants. We find some empirical support for this prediction.
Book Synopsis The Pharmaceutical Industry by : Roy Levy
Download or read book The Pharmaceutical Industry written by Roy Levy and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studies on Competition and Antitrust Issues in the Pharmaceutical Industry by : Ann-Kathrin Lehnhausen
Download or read book Studies on Competition and Antitrust Issues in the Pharmaceutical Industry written by Ann-Kathrin Lehnhausen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-14 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication examines how drug originator manufacturers manage to shield their products from competition. It characterizes the pharmaceutical industry in detail and analyzes actions that violate antitrust laws in the USA and/or the European Union. The publication examines, for example, pay-for-delay strategies, market foreclosure, resale price maintenance, but also mergers and acquisitions, while taking into account market specificities such as the unique research and development process. The study explains why drug prices sometimes remain at elevated levels even after the drug’s patent protection has expired. Knowing the characteristics of such anticompetitive strategies helps customers such as health insurance companies to develop effective counter-strategies.
Book Synopsis Cracking the Generics code by : Subba Rao Chaganti
Download or read book Cracking the Generics code written by Subba Rao Chaganti and published by BSP Books . This book was released on 2023-06-01 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The empowered patients, new-age technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), big data analytics, real-world data and evidence, blockchain, electronic health records (EHRs), digital therapeutics, cloud computing, and innovative marketing frameworks like design thinking, customer journey mapping, omnichannel, closed-loop marketing, personalization and agile ways of working are transforming the way healthcare is delivered, affecting the pharmaceutical industry. Additionally, big tech companies such as Amazon, Alphabet, Apple, and Microsoft are disrupting by offering non-pharmacological solutions with innovative digital technologies to provide a seamless customer experience in the patient journey. The recent COVID-19 pandemic added rocket fuel to the digital transformation of the pharmaceutical industry, changing the entire model of care and ingraining telemedicine in the healthcare ecosystem. Digital Transformation has become inevitable and imminent. Therefore, pharma must reimagine its entire strategy and embrace digital transformation to succeed in this rapidly changing marketing environment that is becoming increasingly complex. Reimagine Pharma Marketing: Make It Future-Proof introduces all these technology frameworks. Additionally, the book presents one hundred and two case studies showing how some of the leading pharmaceutical companies are applying the new age technologies and marketing frameworks effectively. It can be your single-source guidebook unraveling the future so you can manage it!Contents: 1. Reimagine Everything — Reimagine Every Element of Pharmaceutical Marketing Mix 2. Reimagine the Technology— How Pharma Can Harness the Power of New and Emerging Technologies 3. Reimagine Stakeholder Engagement—Winning with New Rules of Engagement 4. The Future of Pharma—A Look into the Crystal Ball Epilogue You’re Gonna Need a Bigger Boat!
Book Synopsis Regulation 1/2003 and EU Antitrust Enforcement by : Luca Prete
Download or read book Regulation 1/2003 and EU Antitrust Enforcement written by Luca Prete and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2022-11-22 with total page 1148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For nearly twenty years, EU antitrust enforcement has been governed by Regulation 1/2003, which ushered in a sweeping reform of the procedures for the application of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU. This systematic article-by-article expert commentary on the Regulation, with additional perspectives and critical views by particularly experienced and qualified authors, provides an in-depth examination of the Regulation’s legal achievements, implications, and promise for the future. Analysis of each of the Regulation’s articles covers such aspects as: legislative history; rationale and context; practice of the Commission and, where relevant, of the national competition authorities; case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union; international aspects; and outstanding and problematic issues. Along with many of the article commentaries, ‘boxes’ have been added on specific issues of particular salience. The critical reflections of the book’s second part include perspectives from members and staff of the Court of Justice of the European Union and of the European Commission’s Directorate General for Competition and Legal Service, heads of national competition authorities and of national courts, counsel, economists, consumer organisations, and academics. There are also comparisons with various aspects of antitrust enforcement in France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States. With this unparalleled book, practitioners and in-house counsel, as well as case-handlers and policymakers, will approach any competition case before the Commission with full awareness of the applicable procedural rules. They will gain a clear understanding of the enforcer’s powers and duties, as well as of the various options available to the undertakings involved in antitrust proceedings and their rights.
Book Synopsis Organizational Innovation and IT Governance in Emerging Economies by : Zhao, Jingyuan
Download or read book Organizational Innovation and IT Governance in Emerging Economies written by Zhao, Jingyuan and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2014-11-30 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As technology grows as the largest source of modern economic growth, the emergence of new models is currently challenging the standard western model of organizational management. Companies from all over the world have succeeded in creating emerging economies with these new models and are now competing with established multinational corporations. Organizational Innovation and IT Governance in Emerging Economies develops a methodological framework that supports new approaches of technological innovation by companies. This reference book provides contributions from experts in emerging economies, highlighting specific case studies of home grown companies from these emerging markets, offering lessons on how traditional multinationals can compete with these new companies for policymakers, government officers, academics, researchers, students, and practitioners.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry by : Patricia M. Danzon
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry written by Patricia M. Danzon and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the economics of the biopharmaceutical industry, with eighteen chapters by health economists.
Book Synopsis Vertical Integration, Outsourcing, and Corporate Strategy by : Kathryn Rudie Harrigan
Download or read book Vertical Integration, Outsourcing, and Corporate Strategy written by Kathryn Rudie Harrigan and published by Beard Books. This book was released on 2003 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a reprint of a previously published work. The original title was Strategies for Vertical Integration. It deals with self-sufficiency and outsourcing in various kinds of businesses.
Book Synopsis Global Competitiveness of U.S. Advanced-technology Manufacturing Industries by :
Download or read book Global Competitiveness of U.S. Advanced-technology Manufacturing Industries written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Business of Healthcare Innovation by : Lawton R. Burns
Download or read book The Business of Healthcare Innovation written by Lawton R. Burns and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Second edition of a wide-ranging analysis of business trends in the manufacturing segment of the healthcare industry.
Book Synopsis Pharmaceutical Marketing in the 21st Century by : Mickey Smith
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Marketing in the 21st Century written by Mickey Smith and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-07-30 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A group of experts, leaders in their fields, provide a formal conjecture on the nature of various aspects of pharmaceutical marketing in the early part of the twenty-first century. Pharmaceutical Marketing in the 21st Century is ideal for product managers, planners, and strategists as it provides guidance for the future of marketing pharmaceutical products. Internationally relevant, this book is now available in Japanese!
Book Synopsis A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Industrial Management - E-Book by : Biren Shah
Download or read book A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Industrial Management - E-Book written by Biren Shah and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2012-05-14 with total page 739 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Textbook of Pharmaceutical Industrial Management Written in strict accordance with the prescribed syllabus, this book caters to the needs of B. Pharm. students of different universities in the country. The book can also be used as a supplementary text for MBA courses in Pharmaceutical Industrial Management. The book has been written in purview of modern requirement of students to keep them abreast with the latest management practices and operational patterns being followed in the pharmaceutical industry. It educates students about the latest techniques of strategic management and their application in the market, preparing them as adept professionals to play vital roles in futuristic global market. Salient Features Student-friendly narrative language Point wise presentation of key concepts Caricatures providing an aesthetic visual impact for understanding vital concepts 107 tables and 110 illustrations to aid students in learning and mastering key concepts Plenty of examples and practice tables to facilitate expertise in accountancy and preparation of financial documents like ledger preparation, balance book/accounts maintenance, etc. Points to Ponder at the end to help students quickly revise the chapter End-of-chapter questions from previous years’ examinations to test knowledge and skills
Book Synopsis Mergers and Productivity by : Steven N. Kaplan
Download or read book Mergers and Productivity written by Steven N. Kaplan and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mergers and Productivity offers probing analyses of high-profile mergers in a variety of industries. Focusing on specific acquisitions, it illustrates the remarkable range of contingencies involved in any merger attempt. The authors clearly establish each merger's presumed objectives and the potential costs and benefits of the acquisition, and place it within the context of the broader industry. Striking conclusions that emerge from these case studies are that merger and acquisition activities were associated with technological or regulatory shocks, and that a merger's success or failure was dependent upon the acquirer's thorough understanding of the target, its corporate culture, and its workforce and wage structures prior to acquisition. Sifting through a wealth of carefully gathered evidence, these papers capture the richness, the complexity, and the economic intangibles inherent in contemporary merger activity in a way that large-scale studies of mergers cannot.
Book Synopsis International Drug Regulatory Mechanisms by : Albert I. Wertheimer
Download or read book International Drug Regulatory Mechanisms written by Albert I. Wertheimer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-02-15 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how international governments have committed themselves to improving access to quality health care! International Drug Regulatory Mechanisms explores the environment, organization, structure, functioning, and finance of health systems and pharmaceutical markets in 19 countries. Local experts describe each country’s experiences with and lessons learned from the regulation of pharmaceutical products. This book will help government officials, pharmacy educators, and pharmaceutical industry leaders from around the globe identify and develop successful methods for controlling pharmaceutical drug prices and utilization. In International Drug Regulatory Mechanisms, you will learn about the health care system of each country and each government’s measures to control drug costs. This text shows you what government interventions are feasible as well as effective, and the impact of these measures on consumers, government agencies, and the pharmaceutical companies and distributors. Drug policies, reimbursement concepts, and health insurance companies are all examined to give you a better working knowledge of the methodology and guidelines involving drug control in nations such as: Iceland Canada Israel Malaysia Argentina Taiwan Mexico Italy International Drug Regulatory Mechanisms is an extensive text that shows how pharmaceuticals are regulated throughout the world. This book examines how—despite similar goals—price controls, utilization controls, record keeping, and quality requirements differ greatly between countries. Using numerous graphs, tables, and figures, this one-of-a-kind resouce provides you with new insight into which strategies are superior and how to implement these strategies in your own country.
Book Synopsis Economic Regulation and Its Reform by : Nancy L. Rose
Download or read book Economic Regulation and Its Reform written by Nancy L. Rose and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-08-29 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past thirty years have witnessed a transformation of government economic intervention in broad segments of industry throughout the world. Many industries historically subject to economic price and entry controls have been largely deregulated, including natural gas, trucking, airlines, and commercial banking. However, recent concerns about market power in restructured electricity markets, airline industry instability amid chronic financial stress, and the challenges created by the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act, which allowed commercial banks to participate in investment banking, have led to calls for renewed market intervention. Economic Regulation and Its Reform collects research by a group of distinguished scholars who explore these and other issues surrounding government economic intervention. Determining the consequences of such intervention requires a careful assessment of the costs and benefits of imperfect regulation. Moreover, government interventions may take a variety of forms, from relatively nonintrusive performance-based regulations to more aggressive antitrust and competition policies and barriers to entry. This volume introduces the key issues surrounding economic regulation, provides an assessment of the economic effects of regulatory reforms over the past three decades, and examines how these insights bear on some of today’s most significant concerns in regulatory policy.
Book Synopsis The Fundamental Elements of Strategy by : Xiu-bao Yu
Download or read book The Fundamental Elements of Strategy written by Xiu-bao Yu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-29 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book clarifies confusions of strategy that have existed for nearly 40 years through the core thoughts of three fundamental elements. Unlike the traditional definition of strategy as "a plan to achieve a long-term goal from overall considerations”in a linear view, this book defines strategy from non-linear viewpoint as it is in the real world. The art of a strategy lies not only in the determination of development goals, but also in the identification of development problems and putting forward overall guiding ideology of solving problems. Rich illustrations as well as numerous business and military cases are presented in helping readers to understand the fundamental elements of strategy.The general scope of the book includes introductions to the three fundamental elements of strategy, three-sub decisions of a complete strategic decision, incomplete strategies, relationship between tactic and strategy, three elements of competitive and corporative strategies. There may be biases in company-level, real strategic decision-making which makes a complete strategy not necessarily a perfect one. The book introduces biases and reasons for the biases, helping industrial strategic decision-makers understand the importance of knowing the nature of the company, the industry and its environment. In addition, this book also presents principles and evaluation approaches of strategic decisions, explores the reasons for the excessive definitions of the strategy concept, and discusses directions of future’s research tasks.The book will benefit business managers who are interested in knowing what a complete strategic decision is and how to avoid errors or biases in strategic decision-making. It also benefits students in business schools (especially in MBA/EMBA programs) who are (or will be) on executive positions. Academic researchers may find it is interesting to understand strategy from the view of the three elements. The new view provides a novel insight into strategy and promotes several research directions in the future. The three elements of strategy are also applicable to military strategies and readers who are interested in military and may find its value as well.
