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Variation In Incompatible Trace Element And Isotopic Compositions In Mariana Trough Lavas
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Book Synopsis Variation in Incompatible Trace Element and Isotopic Compositions in Mariana Trough Lavas by : Robert F. Gribble
Download or read book Variation in Incompatible Trace Element and Isotopic Compositions in Mariana Trough Lavas written by Robert F. Gribble and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Isotopic and Trace Element Geochemistry of Lavas from the Northern Mariana and Southern Volcano Arcs by : Ping-Nan Lin
Download or read book Isotopic and Trace Element Geochemistry of Lavas from the Northern Mariana and Southern Volcano Arcs written by Ping-Nan Lin and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Origin of the Temporal Compositional Variations in Monogenetic Vent Eruptions by : Gabrielle E. Ramirez
Download or read book Origin of the Temporal Compositional Variations in Monogenetic Vent Eruptions written by Gabrielle E. Ramirez and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temporal compositional variations, such as decreasing incompatible element concentrations and systematic trends in major element and isotopic compositions, are commonly observed in monogenetic vent eruptions and may reflect binary mixing either in the form of mantle heterogeneities or crustal contamination. For example, during the Papoose Canyon (PC) eruption incompatible element concentrations decreased by a factor of 2, 87Sr/86Sr ratios decreased from ~0.7063 to 0.7055, and 143Nd/144Nd ratios increased from ~0.51246 to 0.51258 with no systematic variation in MgO content. Fractional crystallization and partial melting of a single source cannot explain the geochemical trends. But it has been proposed by Blondes et al. (2008) that the relatively primitive MgO content and "mantle" xenoliths present in the sequence agree with a model of mixing heterogeneous mantle and not a model of crustal storage and assimilation. In contrast, results from this study show PC phenocryst compositions have a wide r-range of Mg #s (Fo# ~76-89) with majority having compositions not in equilibrium with the host lavas (Mg #~ 87-89). The olivine and clinopyroxene in the PC xenoliths have similar Mg #s as the phenocrysts and also plot below the range of typical mantle peridotites. These lines of evidence indicate that the zenoliths are most likely cognate xenoliths from fractionated magmas. The phenocrysts and xenoliths have olivine [delta]18O values of +5.3 to +5.8% higher than typical mantle olivine (5.2±0.1%). Additional, C clinophyroxenes have trace elements concentrations that indicate they derive from melts with higher trace element abundances than the PC melts. Field observations and point-counting of olivines confirm that phenocryst and xenolith abundance decreased during the eruption. Together, these characteristics of PC eruption suggest that the crystal cargo (phenocrysts and xenoliths) come from early PC melts that ponded, fractionated, and assimilated continental crust. This could have occurred in crustal sills that were drained and mixed with more primitive melts as the eruption began. The geochemical observations of Papoose canyon are significant because they indicate that even primitive melts can have a significant crustal contamination signature.
Book Synopsis Chemical and isotopic composition of lavas from the northern Mariana Trough by : R.F. GRIBBLE
Download or read book Chemical and isotopic composition of lavas from the northern Mariana Trough written by R.F. GRIBBLE and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Origin of Igneous Rocks by : Gunter Faure
Download or read book Origin of Igneous Rocks written by Gunter Faure and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The origin of different kinds of igneous rocks can be understood in terms of their tectonic setting, and by way of the isotope compositions of strontium, neodymium, and lead. This book explains the petrogenesis of igneous rocks as a consequence of tectonic processes resulting from interactions between asthenopheric plumes and the overlying lithospheric mantle. The relevant principles of isotope geochemistry are explained in the first chapter, making it accessible for university students as well as professionals. The relevant isotopic data is presented in diagrammatic form. The book contains more than 400 original drawings.
Book Synopsis Active Margins and Marginal Basins of the Western Pacific by : Brian Taylor
Download or read book Active Margins and Marginal Basins of the Western Pacific written by Brian Taylor and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1995-01-09 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 88. This volume focuses on the volcanic, fluid, sedimentary, and tectonic processes occurring in the trencharc-backarc systems of the western Pacific—a natural regional focus for studies of these themes. The results of ocean drilling and associated site surveys in the western Pacific have brought fundamental changes to our understanding of volcanism, crustal deformation, fluid circulation, and sedimentation in active margins and marginal basins. Our goal here is to synthesize the results of ocean drilling in a multi-disciplinary manner, including a comparison of the findings from drilling legs having similar themes, and to emphasize the significance of these results to the broader geoscience community.
Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems by : Jun-ichiro Ishibashi
Download or read book Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems written by Jun-ichiro Ishibashi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-10 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the comprehensive volume of the TAIGA (“a great river ” in Japanese) project. Supported by the Japanese government, the project examined the hypothesis that the subseafloor fluid advection system (subseafloor TAIGA) can be categorized into four types, TAIGAs of sulfur, hydrogen, carbon (methane), and iron, according to the most dominant reducing substance, and the chemolithoautotrophic bacteria/archaea that are inextricably associated with respective types of TAIGAs which are strongly affected by their geological background such as surrounding host rocks and tectonic settings. Sub-seafloor ecosystems are sustained by hydrothermal circulation or TAIGA that carry chemical energy to the chemosynthetic microbes living in an extreme environment. The results of the project have been summarized comprehensively in 50 chapters, and this book provides an overall introduction and relevant topics on the mid-ocean ridge system of the Indian Ocean and on the arc-backarc systems of the Southern Mariana Trough and Okinawa Trough.
Download or read book Boninites written by Anthony J. Crawford and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1989 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Petrology and Petrogenesis of Recent Submarine Volcanics from the Northern Mariana Arc and Back-arc Basin by : Michael Claar Jackson
Download or read book Petrology and Petrogenesis of Recent Submarine Volcanics from the Northern Mariana Arc and Back-arc Basin written by Michael Claar Jackson and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integrating Volatile and Trace Element Geochemistry to Evaluate Sources of Volcanism in Oceanic and Continental Rift Environments by : Erica Lynn Maletic
Download or read book Integrating Volatile and Trace Element Geochemistry to Evaluate Sources of Volcanism in Oceanic and Continental Rift Environments written by Erica Lynn Maletic and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A close relationship between lithospheric extension and mantle plumes is commonly assumed as the driving force for evolving divergent plate boundaries that manifest as a rift in either oceanic or continental settings. While lithospheric extension is robustly supported by geophysical and geochemical evidence, the role of mantle plumes is often less clear. In fact, in many cases, ongoing integrated geochemical and geophysical work suggest that heterogenous asthenospheric and sub-continental lithospheric mantle components or complex interactions between those two reservoirs (i.e., variable asthenospheric erosion or delamination of lithospheric mantle, especially the SCLM associated with continental rifts) may more robustly account for geological, geochemical, and geophysical observations at many of the prominent rifts, including each of the three rifts explored as part of this thesis. Herein, we integrate trace element and gas geochemistry from three prominent rift zones, including: 1) the Equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) (5°N to 7°S), 2) the West Antarctic Rift System (WARS), and 3) the East African Rift System (EARS), to evaluate magmatic sources and processes that influence their evolution. Basalts from the Equatorial MAR provide an ideal setting to study the compositional variations in the upper mantle related to mixing and investigate interactions between mantle plumes and ridges without the risks of crustal contamination associated with working in continental settings. MORBs from the northern Equatorial MAR (5°N to 3°S) display trace element, radiogenic isotope, and helium isotopic characteristics indicative of mixing between the depleted mantle (DM) and a HIMU plume while the southern Equatorial MAR (3°S to 7°S) exhibit extremely depleted MORB compositions. The DM basalts have significantly lower (factor of 2) volatile (H2O and Cl)/Pb ratios in samples with the extremely non-radiogenic Pb isotope ratios, but vary by less than ~50% when volatile concentrations are normalized to 204Pb to control for partial melting/fractional crystallization, suggesting the volatile contents fluctuate with the degree of partial melting and source variation. In contrast to the MAR, the WARS and EARS are both continental rifts with ample opportunity for influence by crustal contamination. WARS volcanics in Victoria Land exhibit OIB-like trace element compositions with dominantly MORB-like gas signatures (e.g., La/Lu up to 155; 3He/4He ~7RA). Elevated CO2/3He cannot be accounted for strictly by the influences of magmatic degassing, indicating an addition of CO2 from the more alkaline source in the magmatic mixture. Based on the positive correlations between CO2 and several trace element ratios (e.g., Zr/Hf, Rb/Sr, Th/U), we suggest that subduction-related alteration of the mantle induced metasomatism of the SCLM across the region and eventually led to the formation of alkaline-rich volcanics, contrary to previous suggestions of a prolonged HIMU (high 238U/204Pb) plume in the region. Mantle upwelling in this region entrained magma bodies with noble gases derived from the uprising asthenosphere, which can be characterized by higher 3He/4He than typical subduction, SCLM, or HIMU sources. Volcanics in the Virunga Volcanic Province in the EARS (specifically at Mount Nyiragongo and Mount Nyamuragira) exhibit highly alkaline, silica-undersaturated lavas with even more extreme enrichments of incompatible elements (e.g., high field strength elements) than the WARS. Although VVP volcanics consistently display these atypical, but starkly similar compositions, we note significant and corresponding changes in both helium isotopes and trace elements even over the course of a few years in the region. To a first order, volcanics from the VVP region are consistent with WARS volcanism, and we envision a similar conceptual model for the evolution of the SCLM and associated volcanics in this region. We suggest that subduction-related alteration of the mantle during the Proterozoic accretion of the Tanzania Craton induced metasomatic enrichment of incompatible elements into the SCLM across the region and formed the basis for the formation of alkaline-rich volcanics. Next, we hypothesize that following the cessation of subduction during the Proterozoic, asthenospheric upwelling, and lithospheric delamination led to partial melting of highly devolatilized and incompatible-rich SCLM to generate the volcanic products we observe today. With this conceptual model in mind, we envision that the helium isotopic values observed in the current study area result from the influence of dominantly asthenospheric mantle interacting with and generating variable degrees of partial melts of the SCLM instead of a HIMU (high 238U/204Pb) plume in the region.
Book Synopsis Andean Magmatism and Its Tectonic Setting by : Russell S. Harmon
Download or read book Andean Magmatism and Its Tectonic Setting written by Russell S. Harmon and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 1991 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mineralogical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Impact of Crustal Assimilation on the Lesser Antilles Arc Lava Geochemistry by : Rachel Christine Bezard
Download or read book Impact of Crustal Assimilation on the Lesser Antilles Arc Lava Geochemistry written by Rachel Christine Bezard and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geochemistry of Mafic Anatolian Lavas by : Megan Pickard
Download or read book Geochemistry of Mafic Anatolian Lavas written by Megan Pickard and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation provides in-depth analysis of major and trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope compositions of mafic lavas in the Anatolian province. I combine incompatible and fluid-mobile trace elements and radiogenic lithophile isotope compositions to interpret the genesis of Sivas, Central Anatolia mafic lavas and the source components for mafic lavas throughout the Anatolian-circum-Mediterranean region. The data provide insight into the long-term (~1.8 Ga) geologic and tectonic history of the area. I use major and trace element compositions of Sivas mafic lavas to define two groups with contrasting petrogenetic histories. The first group is comprised of basalts and basaltic trachyandesites. Their low Ba/Nb, La/Nb, and Th/Nb values are similar to those observed in mantle-derived basalts and suggest they are derived from an asthenospheric mantle-dominated source. The second group are basanites that are enriched in incompatible trace elements relative to mid-ocean ridge basalts and have high Ba/Nb, La/Nb, and Th/Nb values indicative of a source in metasomatized sub-continental lithosphere containing hydrous phases such as amphibole. I also use the major element compositions of clinopyroxene phenecrysts in the mafic lavas to constrain the pressures of melting and differentiation for Sivas mafic lavas. Specifically clinopyroxene Al contents of the basaltic group suggest crystallization both at lower crustal depths (~10 kb) and at near-surface pressures. In contrast, basanite clinopyroxene indicate only one stage of crystal growth at around 5-8 kb prior to eruption. Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotope compositions of Sivas mafic lavas support and expand on the trace element findings. As seen in trace element compositions, the basaltic group consistently records higher asthenospheric contributions while the basanites with more radiogenic Sr and Pb low Nd isotope values originate from magmas with higher contributions from metasomatized sub-continental lithosphere. The Pb isotope signatures also record pseudo-binary mixing between shallow depleted asthenosphere, a regionally heterogeneous lithosphere, and a common mantle source with the isotopic characteristics of the C component or the circum-Mediterranean asthenosphere to form Sivas magmas. Calculated Nd model ages relative to depleted mantle indicate the incorporated lithosphere stabilized from the mantle between 1.8 and 1.2 Ga corresponding to assembly of Rodinia and Columbia supercontinents. Variations in source contributions and lithosphere stabilization ages appear to correlate with the geographic location of a modern strike-slip fault along the Kızılırmak River in the Sivas Basin, suggesting that Sivas mafic lavas record contributions from distinct lithospheric packages that are juxtaposed across a major crustal suture. One important implication of this result is that the oft-invoked subduction modification of mantle source regions contributing to Anatolian volcanism is not related to the more recent Miocene closure of Africa and Eurasia, but rather is an ancient inherited feature that has been present for an extended period of time.This dissertation also gives insight on science education and focuses on evidence for progression of knowledge with age and importance of targeted teaching. Science concepts for each grade level are intended to build on content learned in previous grades with the idea that students transition from a very simple to a very complex understanding of Earth and Space science by high school graduation.
Book Synopsis Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions by : Hauke Marquardt
Download or read book Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions written by Hauke Marquardt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-07 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multidisciplinary perspective on the dynamic processes occurring in Earth's mantle The convective motion of material in Earth's mantle, powered by heat from the deep interior of our planet, drives plate tectonics at the surface, generating earthquakes and volcanic activity. It shapes our familiar surface landscapes, and also stabilizes the oceans and atmosphere on geologic timescales. Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions brings together perspectives from observational geophysics, numerical modelling, geochemistry, and mineral physics to build a holistic picture of the deep Earth. It explores the dynamic processes occurring in the mantle as well as the associated heat and material cycles. Volume highlights include: Perspectives from different scientific disciplines with an emphasis on exploring synergies Current state of the mantle, its physical properties, compositional structure, and dynamic evolution Transport of heat and material through the mantle as constrained by geophysical observations, geochemical data and geodynamic model predictions Surface expressions of mantle dynamics and its control on planetary evolution and habitability The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Book Synopsis Orogenic Andesites and Plate Tectonics by : J. B. Gill
Download or read book Orogenic Andesites and Plate Tectonics written by J. B. Gill and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Students of a phenomenon as common but complex as andesite genesis often are overwhelmed by, or overlook, the volume and diversity of relevant information. Thus there is need for periodic overview even in the absence of a dramatic breakthrough which "solves the andesite problem" and even though new ideas and data keep the issues in a state of flux. Thus I have summarized the subject through mid·1980 from my perspective to help clarify the long-standing problem and to identify profitable areas for future research. Overviews are more easily justified than achieved and there are fundamental differences of opinion concerning how to go about them. It is professionally dangerous and therefore uncom mon for single authors, especially those under 35 such as I, to summarize a broad, active field of science in book-length thor oughness. Review articles in journals, multi-authored books, or symposia proceedings appear instead. The single-authored approach is intimidating in scale and can result in loss of thoroughness or authority on individual topics. The alternatives lack scope or integration or both.
