Value Incommensurability

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Value Incommensurability

Author : Henrik Andersson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 100052700X
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Value Incommensurability by : Henrik Andersson

Download or read book Value Incommensurability written by Henrik Andersson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-14 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incommensurability is the impossibility to determine how two options relate to each other in terms of conventional comparative relations. This book features new research on incommensurability from philosophers who have shaped the field into what it is today, including John Broome, Ruth Chang and Wlodek Rabinowicz. The book covers four aspects relating to incommensurability. In the first part, the contributors synthesize research on the competing views of how to best explain incommensurability. Part II illustrates how incommensurability can help us deal with seemingly insurmountable problems in ethical theory and population ethics. The contributors address the Repugnant Conclusion, the Mere Addition Paradox and so-called Spectrum Arguments. The chapters in Part III outline and summarize problems caused by incommensurability for decision theory. Finally, Part IV tackles topics related to risk, uncertainty and incommensurability. Value Incommensurability: Ethics, Risk, and Decision-Making will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working in ethical theory, decision theory, action theory, and philosophy of economics.

Incommensurability, Incomparability, and Practical Reason

Author : Ruth Chang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Incommensurability, Incomparability, and Practical Reason by : Ruth Chang

Download or read book Incommensurability, Incomparability, and Practical Reason written by Ruth Chang and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can quite different values be rationally weighed against one another? Can the value of one thing always be ranked as greater than, equal to, or less than the value of something else? If the answer to these questions is no, then in what areas do we find commensurability and comparability unavailable? And what are the implications for moral and legal decision making? This book struggles with these questions, and arrives at distinctly different answers."

Incommensurability and its Implications for Practical Reasoning, Ethics and Justice

Author : Martijn Boot
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1786602296
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (866 download)

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Book Synopsis Incommensurability and its Implications for Practical Reasoning, Ethics and Justice by : Martijn Boot

Download or read book Incommensurability and its Implications for Practical Reasoning, Ethics and Justice written by Martijn Boot and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2017-06-27 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If values conflict and rival human interests clash we often have to weigh them against each other. However, under particular conditions incommensurability prevents the assignment of determinable and impartial weights. In those cases an objective balance does not exist. The original thesis of this book sheds new light on aspects of incommensurability and its implications for public decision-making, ethics and justice. Martijn Boot analyzes a number of previously ignored or unrecognized concepts, such as ‘incomplete comparability’, ‘incompletely justified choice’, ‘indeterminateness’ and ‘ethical deficit’ – concepts that are essential for comprehending problems of incommensurability. Apart from problematic implications, incommensurability has also favourable consequences. It creates room for autonomous rational choices that are not dictated by reason. Besides, insight into incommensurability promotes recognition of different possible rankings of universally valid but sometimes conflicting human values. This book avoids unnecessary technical language and is accessible not only for specialists but for a large audience of philosophers, ethicists, political theorists, economists, lawyers and interested persons without specialized knowledge.

Equality and Diversity

Author : Steve Smith
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 1847426077
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (474 download)

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Book Synopsis Equality and Diversity by : Steve Smith

Download or read book Equality and Diversity written by Steve Smith and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2011-07-20 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available Open Access under CC-BY-NC licence. This important book explores the values of equality and diversity as promoted across liberal societies, drawing on various traditions of political and social philosophy, including liberal egalitarianism, existentialism, and elements of post-modernism and post-structuralism. These philosophies are applied to policy and practice debates, especially concerning disability issues, but also relating to gender and multiculturalism. It will be of interest to academics and postgraduate students across a range of social studies disciplines.

The Oxford Handbook of Value Theory

Author : Iwao Hirose
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190273356
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Value Theory by : Iwao Hirose

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Value Theory written by Iwao Hirose and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-05-01 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Value theory, or axiology, looks at what things are good or bad, how good or bad they are, and, most fundamentally, what it is for a thing to be good or bad. Questions about value and about what is valuable are important to moral philosophers, since most moral theories hold that we ought to promote the good (even if this is not the only thing we ought to do). This Handbook focuses on value theory as it pertains to ethics, broadly construed, and provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary debates pertaining not only to philosophy but also to other disciplines-most notably, political theory and economics. The Handbook's twenty-two newly commissioned chapters are divided into three parts. Part I: Foundations concerns fundamental and interrelated issues about the nature of value and distinctions between kinds of value. Part II: Structure concerns formal properties of value that bear on the possibilities of measuring and comparing value. Part III: Extensions, finally, considers specific topics, ranging from health to freedom, where questions of value figure prominently.

Liberalism and Value Pluralism

Author : George Crowder
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 0826450482
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis Liberalism and Value Pluralism by : George Crowder

Download or read book Liberalism and Value Pluralism written by George Crowder and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2002-04-30 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Value pluralism is the idea, associated with the late Isaiah Berlin, that fundamental human values are irreducibly plural and incommensurable. Ends like liberty, equality and community are intrinsic goods which can neither be ranked in an absolute hierarchy nor translated into units of a common denominator. If that is true, how can we choose among such values when they come into conflict in particular cases? In particular, what reason is there to justify the value ranking characteristic of liberal democracy, favouring personal autonomy and toleration? Recent commentators have seen value pluralism as undermining the traditional claims of liberalism to universal authority, rendering it at best no more than one political form among others with no greater claim to legitimacy. Against that view, George Crowder argues that a strong distinctive case for liberalism as a universal project is implied by value pluralism itself. Reflection on the elements of value pluralism yields a set of ethical principles, including respect for universal values, rejection of political utopianism, promotion of value diversity, accommodation of reasonable disagreement, and cultivation of civic virtues. Those principles are best satisfied by a liberal form of politics characterised by a strong commitment to personal autonomy, by policies of moderate redistribution and multiculturalism, and by constitutional restraints on democractic politics. This is the first book-length defence of liberalism on the basis of value pluralism, complementing and extending the work of Berlin and others.

The Oxford Handbook of Value Theory

Author : Iwao Hirose
Publisher : Oxford Handbooks
ISBN 13 : 0199959307
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Value Theory by : Iwao Hirose

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Value Theory written by Iwao Hirose and published by Oxford Handbooks. This book was released on 2015 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Questions about value are important in many contexts. Value theory, or axiology, studies which things are good or bad, how good or bad they are, and, most fundamentally, what it is for a thing to be good or bad. This handbook provides a comprehensive and state-of-art overview of the debate in value theory.

Equality and diversity

Author : Smith, Steven
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 1847426085
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (474 download)

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Book Synopsis Equality and diversity by : Smith, Steven

Download or read book Equality and diversity written by Smith, Steven and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2011-07-20 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available Open Access under CC-BY-NC licence. This important book explores the values of equality and diversity as promoted across liberal societies, drawing on various traditions of political and social philosophy, including liberal egalitarianism, existentialism, and elements of post-modernism and post-structuralism. These philosophies are applied to policy and practice debates, especially concerning disability issues, but also relating to gender and multiculturalism. It will be of interest to academics and postgraduate students across a range of social studies disciplines.

Constitutional Rights and Constitutional Design

Author : Paul Yowell
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509913610
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Constitutional Rights and Constitutional Design by : Paul Yowell

Download or read book Constitutional Rights and Constitutional Design written by Paul Yowell and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-04-26 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decisions courts make in constitutional rights cases pervade our political life and touch on our most basic interests and values. The spread of judicial review of legislation around the world means that courts are increasingly called on to settle matters of moral and political controversy, including assisted suicide, data privacy, anti-terrorism measures, marriage, and abortion. But doubts regarding the institutional capacities of courts for deciding such questions are growing. Judges now regularly review social science research to assess whether a law will effectively achieve its aim, and at what cost to other interests. They cite studies and statistical information from psychology, sociology, medicine, and other disciplines in which they are rarely trained. This empirical reasoning proceeds alongside open-ended moral reasoning, with judges employing terms such as equality, liberty, and autonomy, then determining what these require in concrete circumstances. This book shows that courts were not designed for this kind of moral and empirical reasoning. It argues that in comparison to legislatures, the institutional capacities of courts are deficient. Legislatures are better equipped than courts for deliberating and decision-making in regard to the kinds of factual and moral issues that arise in constitutional rights cases. The book concludes by considering the implications of comparative institutional capacity for constitutional design. Is a system of judicial review of legislation something that constitutional framers should choose to adopt? If so, in what form? For countries with systems of judicial review, practical proposals are made to remedy deficiencies in the institutional capacities of courts.

Incommensurability and Commensuration

Author : Fred Agostino
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351775235
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)

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Book Synopsis Incommensurability and Commensuration by : Fred Agostino

Download or read book Incommensurability and Commensuration written by Fred Agostino and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was published in 2003.This volume presents a detailed examination of incommensurability in the value-theoretical sense. Exploring how choosers deal with problems and constraints of choice, the author draws on work in cognitive psychology, in sociology, in jurisprudence, in economics, and in the theory of value to show how choosers learn to make "trade-offs" when there is potential incommensurability among the options they are considering. The analysis is also informed by recent work in the tradition of Michel Foucault. With so many modern devices and ideals of government dependent on the comparability of options, this book is timely and can inform public debate about de-regulation, user-pays, accountability, and the substitution of market mechanisms for government regulation and supply.

Evolving Issues Surrounding Technoethics and Society in the Digital Age

Author : Luppicini, Rocci
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1466661232
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (666 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolving Issues Surrounding Technoethics and Society in the Digital Age by : Luppicini, Rocci

Download or read book Evolving Issues Surrounding Technoethics and Society in the Digital Age written by Luppicini, Rocci and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2014-06-30 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advancement of technologies in the 20th century has radically transformed the interconnectedness of humans, science, and technology within an evolving society. Evolving Issues Surrounding Technoethics and Society in the Digital Age serves as an interdisciplinary base of scholarly contributions on the subject of technoethics, a field that deals with current and future problems that arise at the intersection of science, technological innovation, and human life and society. This premier reference work leverages ethical analysis, risk analysis, technology evaluation, and the combination of ethical and technological analyses within a variety of real life decision-making contexts, appealing to scholars and technology experts working in new areas of technology research where social and ethical issues emerge.

Contested Commodities

Author : Margaret Jane Radin
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674007166
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Contested Commodities by : Margaret Jane Radin

Download or read book Contested Commodities written by Margaret Jane Radin and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2001-11-05 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work looks at ethical and moral questions surrounding certain economic "commodities" such as body parts and babies. It argues that commodification should remain incomplete, with some contested things being bought and sold only under strict regulation.

Isaiah Berlin

Author : John Gray
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691157421
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Isaiah Berlin by : John Gray

Download or read book Isaiah Berlin written by John Gray and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-07 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isaiah Berlin (1909-1997) was the greatest intellectual historian of the twentieth century. But his work also made an original and important contribution to moral and political philosophy and to liberal theory. In 1921, at the age of eleven, Isaiah Berlin arrived in England from Riga, Latvia. By the time he was thirty he was at the heart of British intellectual life. He has remained its commanding presence ever since, and few would dispute that he was one of Britain's greatest thinkers. His reputation extends worldwide--as a great conversationalist, intellectual historian, and man of letters. He has been called the century's most inspired reader. Yet Berlin's contributions to thought--in particular to moral and political philosophy, and to liberal theory--are little understood, and surprisingly neglected by the academic world. In this book, they are shown to be animated by a single, powerful, subversive idea: value-pluralism which affirms the reality of a deep conflict between ultimate human values that reason cannot resolve. Though bracingly clear-headed, humane and realist, Berlin's value-pluralism runs against the dominant Western traditions, secular and religious, which avow an ultimate harmony of values. It supports a highly distinctive restatement of liberalism in Berlin's work--an agnostic liberalism, which is founded not on rational choice but on the radical choices we make when faced with intractable dilemmas. It is this new statement of liberalism, the central subject of John Gray's lively and lucid book, which gives the liberal intellectual tradition a new lease on life, a new source of life, and which comprises Berlin's central and enduring legacy. In a new introduction, Gray argues that, in a world in which human freedom has spread more slowly than democracy, Berlin's account of liberty and basic decency is more instructive and useful than ever.

After Socialism: Volume 20, Part 1

Author : Ellen Frankel Paul
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521534984
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (215 download)

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Book Synopsis After Socialism: Volume 20, Part 1 by : Ellen Frankel Paul

Download or read book After Socialism: Volume 20, Part 1 written by Ellen Frankel Paul and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-02-03 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this collection, twelve philosophers, historians and political philosophers assess aspects of socialism.

The Problem of Value Pluralism

Author : George Crowder
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351754378
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)

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Book Synopsis The Problem of Value Pluralism by : George Crowder

Download or read book The Problem of Value Pluralism written by George Crowder and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-11-13 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Value pluralism is the idea, most prominently endorsed by Isaiah Berlin, that fundamental human values are universal, plural, conflicting, and incommensurable with one another. Incommensurability is the key component of pluralism, undermining familiar monist philosophies such as utilitarianism. But if values are incommensurable, how do we decide between them when they conflict? George Crowder assesses a range of responses to this problem proposed by Berlin and developed by his successors. Three broad approaches are especially important: universalism, contextualism, and conceptualism. Crowder argues that the conceptual approach is the most fruitful, yielding norms of value diversity, personal autonomy, and inclusive democracy. Historical context must also be taken into account. Together these approaches indicate a liberal politics of redistribution, multiculturalism, and constitutionalism, and a public policy in which basic values are carefully balanced. The Problem of Value Pluralism: Isaiah Berlin and Beyond is a uniquely comprehensive survey of the political theory of value pluralism and also an original contribution by a leading voice in the pluralist literature. Scholars and researchers interested in the work of Berlin, liberalism, value pluralism, and related ideas will find this a stimulating and valuable source.

Property and Human Flourishing

Author : Gregory S. Alexander
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019086074X
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Property and Human Flourishing by : Gregory S. Alexander

Download or read book Property and Human Flourishing written by Gregory S. Alexander and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many people assume that what morally justifies private ownership of property is either individual freedom or social welfare, defined in terms of maximizing personal preference-satisfaction. This book offers an alternative way of understanding the moral underpinning of private ownership of property. Rather than identifying any single moral value, this book argues that human flourishing, understood as morally pluralistic and objective, is property's moral foundation. The book goes on to develop a theory that connects ownership and human flourishing with obligations. Owners have obligations to members of the communities that enabled the owners to live flourishing lives by cultivating in their community members certain capabilities that are essential to leading a well-lived life. These obligations are rooted in the interdependence that exists between owners and their community members, and inherent in the human condition. Obligations have always been inherent in ownership. Owners are not free to inflict nuisances upon their neighbors, for example, by operating piggeries in residential neighborhoods. The human flourishing theory explains why owners at times have obligations that enable their fellow community members to develop certain necessary capabilities, such as health care and security. This is why, for example, farm owners may be required to allow providers of health care and legal assistance to enter their property to assist employees who are migrant workers. Moving from the abstract and theoretical to the practical, this book considers implications for a wide variety of property issues of importance both in the literature and in modern society. These include questions such as: When is a government's expropriation of property legitimated for the reason it is for public use? May the owner of a historic or architecturally significant house destroy it without restriction? Do institutions that owned African slaves or otherwise profited from the slave trade owe any obligations to members of the African-American community? What insights may be gained from the human flourishing concept into resolving current housing problems like homelessness, eviction, and mortgage foreclosure?

The Tragedy of Religious Freedom

Author : Marc O. DeGirolami
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674074157
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis The Tragedy of Religious Freedom by : Marc O. DeGirolami

Download or read book The Tragedy of Religious Freedom written by Marc O. DeGirolami and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2013-06-10 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When it comes to questions of religion, legal scholars face a predicament. They often expect to resolve dilemmas according to general principles of equality, neutrality, or the separation of church and state. But such abstractions fail to do justice to the untidy welter of values at stake. Offering new views of how to understand and protect religious freedom in a democracy, The Tragedy of Religious Freedom challenges the idea that matters of law and religion should be referred to far-flung theories about the First Amendment. Examining a broad array of contemporary and more established Supreme Court rulings, Marc DeGirolami explains why conflicts implicating religious liberty are so emotionally fraught and deeply contested. Twenty-first-century realities of pluralism have outrun how scholars think about religious freedom, DeGirolami asserts. Scholars have not been candid enough about the tragic nature of the conflicts over religious liberty—the clash of opposing interests and aspirations they entail, and the limits of human reason to resolve intractable differences. The Tragedy of Religious Freedom seeks to turn our attention from abstracted, absolute values to concrete, historical realities. Social history, characterized by the struggles of lawyers engaged in the details of irreducible conflicts, represents the most promising avenue to negotiate legal conflicts over religion. In this volume, DeGirolami offers an approach to understanding religious liberty that is neither rigidly systematic nor ad hoc, but a middle path grounded in a pluralistic and historically informed perspective.