Value And Obligation

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Value, Obligation, and Meta-Ethics

Author : Robin Attfield
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004433546
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Value, Obligation, and Meta-Ethics by : Robin Attfield

Download or read book Value, Obligation, and Meta-Ethics written by Robin Attfield and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-10-12 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work defends an interrelated set of theses in value-theory, normative ethics and meta-ethics. The three Parts correspond to these three areas. Part One (Value) defends a biocentric theory of moral standing, and then the coherence and objectivity of belief in intrinsic value, despite recent objections. Intrinsic value is located in the flourishing of living creatures; specifically, a neo-Aristotelian, species-relative account is supplied of wellbeing or flourishing, in terms of the development of the essential capacities of one's species. There follows a theory of priorities, or of relative intrinsic value, in which the satisfaction of basic needs takes priority over other needs and over wants, and the interests of complex and sophisticated creatures over those of others, where they are at stake. Part Two defends a practice-consequentialist theory of the criteria of rightness and of obligation, which leaves room for supererogation, underpins our intuitions about justice, commends population growth only where it is genuinely desirable, and responds better than act-consequentialism to objections like that concerned with the separateness of persons. Part Three sifts meta-ethical theories, rejects moral relativism, and defends a cognitivist and naturalist meta-ethic. In defending analytical naturalism, it takes into account the latest literature on supervenience. By responding to recent discussions, this study supersedes my Theory of Value and Obligation (1987). It is equipped with detailed end-notes and an ample bibliography, which could prove a research tool of itself.

A Theory of Value and Obligation

Author : Robin Attfield
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000029166
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis A Theory of Value and Obligation by : Robin Attfield

Download or read book A Theory of Value and Obligation written by Robin Attfield and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-07-20 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1987 and re-issued in 2020 with a new Preface, this book presents and elaborates interrelated solutions to a number of problems in moral philosophy, from the location of intrinsic value and the nature of a worthwhile life, via the limits of obligation and the nature of justice, to the status of moral utterances. After developing a biocentric account of moral standing, the author locates worthwhile life in the development of the generic capacities of a creature, whether human or nonhuman, and presents an account of relative intrinsic value which later generates a theory of interspecific justice. This value-theory also informs a consequentialist understanding of obligation, of moral rightness and of supererogation. The understanding thus supplied is shown to cope with the problems of integrity, of justice and of the ‘Repugnant Conclusion’ in population ethics. A cognitivist account of ethical conclusions such as those so far reached is then defended against non-cognitivist and relativist objections and a far-reaching naturalist theory is defended, integrating earlier conclusions with an account of the logic of the fundamental ethical concepts. This wide-ranging volume which maps the whole area of morality is thoroughly argued with reference both to contemporary philosophical developments and to classical theories.

Kantian Ethics

Author : Robert Stern
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 019872229X
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Kantian Ethics by : Robert Stern

Download or read book Kantian Ethics written by Robert Stern and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a selection of Robert Stern's work on the theme of Kantian ethics. It begins by focusing on the relation between Kant's account of obligation and his view of autonomy, arguing that this leaves room for Kant to be a realist about value. Stern then considers where this places Kant in relation to the question of moral scepticism, and in relation to the principle of 'ought implies can', and examines this principle in its own right. The papers then move beyond Kant himself to his wider influence and to critics of his work, including Hegel, the British Idealists, and the Danish philosopher and theologian K. E. Logstrup, while also offering a comparison with William James's arguments for freedom. The collection concludes with a consideration of a broadly Kantian critique of divine command ethics offered by Stephen Darwall, arguing that the critique does not succeed. General themes considered in this volume therefore include value, perfectionism, agency, autonomy, moral motivation, moral scepticism, and obligation, as well as the historical place of Kant's ethics and its influence on thinkers up to the present day.

Understanding Moral Obligation

Author : Robert Stern
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139505017
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (395 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Moral Obligation by : Robert Stern

Download or read book Understanding Moral Obligation written by Robert Stern and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many histories of modern ethics, Kant is supposed to have ushered in an anti-realist or constructivist turn by holding that unless we ourselves 'author' or lay down moral norms and values for ourselves, our autonomy as agents will be threatened. In this book, Robert Stern challenges the cogency of this 'argument from autonomy', and claims that Kant never subscribed to it. Rather, it is not value realism but the apparent obligatoriness of morality that really poses a challenge to our autonomy: how can this be accounted for without taking away our freedom? The debate the book focuses on therefore concerns whether this obligatoriness should be located in ourselves (Kant), in others (Hegel) or in God (Kierkegaard). Stern traces the historical dialectic that drove the development of these respective theories, and clearly and sympathetically considers their merits and disadvantages; he concludes by arguing that the choice between them remains open.

Value and Obligation

Author : Richard B. Brandt
Publisher : Harcourt Brace College Publishers
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 736 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Value and Obligation by : Richard B. Brandt

Download or read book Value and Obligation written by Richard B. Brandt and published by Harcourt Brace College Publishers. This book was released on 1961 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people interested in the problems of ethics aspire to two kinds of knowledge, one systematic, the other historical. They wish a systematic understanding of the field: knowledge of what are the various problems and their interrelations and knowledge of what has been done toward the solution of these problems. They also wish to learn what the great historical philosophers -- particularly those who have had the most important ideas about values and conduct -- have said about the subject. This book is intended to enable the reader to approximate the achievement of these twin goals at once.

Ignorance and Moral Obligation

Author : Michael J. Zimmerman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199688850
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Ignorance and Moral Obligation by : Michael J. Zimmerman

Download or read book Ignorance and Moral Obligation written by Michael J. Zimmerman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-03 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Michael J. Zimmerman explores whether and how our ignorance about ourselves and our circumstances affects what our moral obligations and moral rights are. He rejects objective and subjective views of the nature of moral obligation, and presents a new case for a 'prospective' view.

The Concept of Moral Obligation

Author : Michael J. Zimmerman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521497060
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis The Concept of Moral Obligation by : Michael J. Zimmerman

Download or read book The Concept of Moral Obligation written by Michael J. Zimmerman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-03-29 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal aim of this book is to develop and defend an analysis of the concept of moral obligation. What it seeks to do is generate new solutions to a range of philosophical problems concerning obligation and its application. Amongst these problems are deontic paradoxes, the supersession of obligation, conditional obligation, actualism and possibilism, dilemmas, supererogation, and cooperation. By virtue of its normative neutrality, the analysis provides a theoretical framework within which competing theories of obligation can be developed and assessed.

Value and Obligation

Author : Alexander Sesonske
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Value and Obligation by : Alexander Sesonske

Download or read book Value and Obligation written by Alexander Sesonske and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Value and Obligation

Author : Richard B. Brandt
Publisher : Harcourt Brace College Publishers
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 740 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Value and Obligation by : Richard B. Brandt

Download or read book Value and Obligation written by Richard B. Brandt and published by Harcourt Brace College Publishers. This book was released on 1961 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people interested in the problems of ethics aspire to two kinds of knowledge, one systematic, the other historical. They wish a systematic understanding of the field: knowledge of what are the various problems and their interrelations and knowledge of what has been done toward the solution of these problems. They also wish to learn what the great historical philosophers -- particularly those who have had the most important ideas about values and conduct -- have said about the subject. This book is intended to enable the reader to approximate the achievement of these twin goals at once.

Trust in Medicine

Author : Markus Wolfensberger
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110848719X
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Trust in Medicine by : Markus Wolfensberger

Download or read book Trust in Medicine written by Markus Wolfensberger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines trust, its definition, value, and decline from the perspective of a physician and a medical ethicist.

Value and Obligation

Author : Alexander Sesonske
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Value and Obligation by : Alexander Sesonske

Download or read book Value and Obligation written by Alexander Sesonske and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Second-Person Standpoint

Author : Stephen Darwall
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674034627
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis The Second-Person Standpoint by : Stephen Darwall

Download or read book The Second-Person Standpoint written by Stephen Darwall and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-09-30 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why should we avoid doing moral wrong? The inability of philosophy to answer this question in a compelling manner—along with the moral skepticism and ethical confusion that ensue—result, Stephen Darwall argues, from our failure to appreciate the essentially interpersonal character of moral obligation. After showing how attempts to vindicate morality have tended to change the subject—falling back on non-moral values or practical, first-person considerations—Darwall elaborates the interpersonal nature of moral obligations: their inherent link to our responsibilities to one another as members of the moral community. As Darwall defines it, the concept of moral obligation has an irreducibly second-person aspect; it presupposes our authority to make claims and demands on one another. And so too do many other central notions, including those of rights, the dignity of and respect for persons, and the very concept of person itself. The result is nothing less than a fundamental reorientation of moral theory that enables it at last to account for morality’s supreme authority—an account that Darwall carries from the realm of theory to the practical world of second-person attitudes, emotions, and actions.

Against Ethics

Author : John D. Caputo
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 025311487X
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (531 download)

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Book Synopsis Against Ethics by : John D. Caputo

Download or read book Against Ethics written by John D. Caputo and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 1993-10-22 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A brilliant and witty postmodern critique of ethics, framed as a contemporary restaging of Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling. John D. Caputo undertakes a passionate, poetic, and satiric search for the basis of an ethics in the postmodern situation. Restaging Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling, Caputo defends the notion of obligation without ethics, of responsibility without the support of ethical foundations. Retelling the story of Abraham and Isaac, he strikes the pose of a postmodern-day Johannes de Silentio, accompanied by communications from such startling figures as Johanna de Silentio, Felix Sineculpa, and Magdalena de la Cruz. In dialogue with the thought of Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Derrida, and Lyotard, Caputo forges a challenging, original account of what is possible and what is not possible for a continentalist ethics today. “Against Ethics is a bold work. . . . A counterethics whose multiple voices will be heard long after the trivializing arguments of many analytic ethicists have vanished and the arcane formulations of many postmoderns have been jettisoned.” —Edith Wyschogrod “Caputo provides a brilliant new analysis of the limits of ethics. . . . Essential reading for anyone concerned with the philosophical issues raised in postmodernity.” —Drucilla Cornell “One of the most important works on philosophical ethics written in recent years. . . . Caputo speaks with a passion and concern that are rare in academic philosophy.” —Mark C. Taylor “Against Ethics is beautifully written, clever, learned, thought-provoking, and even inspiring.” —Theological Studies “Writing in the form of his ideas, Caputo offers the reader a truly exquisite reading experience. . . . His iconic style mirrors a truly refreshing honesty that draws the reader in to play.” —Quarterly Journal of Speech

Justice for Hedgehogs

Author : Ronald Dworkin
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674071964
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Justice for Hedgehogs by : Ronald Dworkin

Download or read book Justice for Hedgehogs written by Ronald Dworkin and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-03 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fox knows many things, the Greeks said, but the hedgehog knows one big thing. In his most comprehensive work, Ronald Dworkin argues that value in all its forms is one big thing: that what truth is, life means, morality requires, and justice demands are different aspects of the same large question. He develops original theories on a great variety of issues very rarely considered in the same book: moral skepticism, literary, artistic, and historical interpretation, free will, ancient moral theory, being good and living well, liberty, equality, and law among many other topics. What we think about any one of these must stand up, eventually, to any argument we find compelling about the rest. Skepticism in all its forms—philosophical, cynical, or post-modern—threatens that unity. The Galilean revolution once made the theological world of value safe for science. But the new republic gradually became a new empire: the modern philosophers inflated the methods of physics into a totalitarian theory of everything. They invaded and occupied all the honorifics—reality, truth, fact, ground, meaning, knowledge, and being—and dictated the terms on which other bodies of thought might aspire to them, and skepticism has been the inevitable result. We need a new revolution. We must make the world of science safe for value.

Law, Obligation, Community

Author : Daniel Matthews
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351403699
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis Law, Obligation, Community by : Daniel Matthews

Download or read book Law, Obligation, Community written by Daniel Matthews and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against an ever-expanding and diversifying ‘rights talk’, this book re-opens the question of obligation from not only legal but also ethical, sociological and political perspectives. Its premise is that obligation has a primacy ahead of rights, because rights attach to practices and modes of being that are already saturated with obligations. Obligations thus lie at the core not just of law but of community. Yet the distinctive meanings, range and situations of obligation have tended to remain under-theorised in legal scholarship. In response, this book examines the sense in which we are multiply ‘bound beings’, to law and legal institutions, as much as we are to place, community, memory and the various social institutions that give shape to collective life. Sharing this set of concerns, each of the international group of scholars contributing to this volume traces the specificity of the binding force of obligations, their techniques and modes of expression, as well as their centrally important role in giving form to lawful relations. Together they provide an innovative and challenging contribution to legal scholarship: one that will also be of relevance to those working in politics, philosophy and social theory.

Liberal Loyalty

Author : Anna Stilz
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691139148
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Liberal Loyalty by : Anna Stilz

Download or read book Liberal Loyalty written by Anna Stilz and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-26 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on Kant, Rousseau, and Habermas, Stilz argues that we owe civic obligations to the state if it is sufficiently just, and that constitutionally enshrined principles of justice in themselves are grounds for obedience to our particular state and for democratic solidarity with our fellow citizens.

The Value of Humanity in Kant's Moral Theory

Author : Richard Dean
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 0199285721
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis The Value of Humanity in Kant's Moral Theory by : Richard Dean

Download or read book The Value of Humanity in Kant's Moral Theory written by Richard Dean and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2006-05-11 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The humanity formulation of Kant's Categorical Imperative demands that we treat humanity as an end in itself. Because this principle resonates with currently influential ideals of human rights and dignity, contemporary readers often find it compelling, even if the rest of Kant's moral philosophy leaves them cold. Moreover, some prominent specialists in Kant's ethics recently have turned to the humanity formulation as the most theoretically central and promising principle of Kant'sethics. Nevertheless, despite the intuitive appeal and the increasingly recognized philosophical importance of the humanity formulation, it has received less attention than many other, less central, aspects of Kant's ethics. Richard Dean offers the most sustained and systematic examination of thehumanity formulation to date.Dean argues that the 'rational nature' that must be treated as an end in itself is not a minimally rational nature, consisting of the power to set ends or the unrealized capacity to act morally, but instead is the more properly rational nature possessed by someone who gives priority to moral principles over any contrary impulses. This non-standard reading of the humanity formulation provides a firm theoretical foundation for deriving plausible approaches to particular moral issues - and,contrary to first impressions, does not impose moralistic demands to pass judgment on others' character. Dean's reading also enables progress on problems of interest to Kant scholars, such as reconstructing Kant's argument for accepting the humanity formulation as a basic moral principle, and allows forincreased understanding of the relationship between Kant's ethics and supposedly Kantian ideas such as 'respect for autonomy'.