Vagueness And Rationality In Language Use And Cognition

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Vagueness and Rationality in Language Use and Cognition

Author : Richard Dietz
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030159310
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Vagueness and Rationality in Language Use and Cognition by : Richard Dietz

Download or read book Vagueness and Rationality in Language Use and Cognition written by Richard Dietz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents new conceptual and experimental studies which investigate the connection between vagueness and rationality from various systematic directions, such as philosophy, linguistics, cognitive psychology, computing science, and economics. Vagueness in language use and cognition has traditionally been interpreted in epistemic or semantic terms. The standard view of vagueness specifically suggests that considerations of agency or rationality, broadly conceived, can be left out of the equation. Most recently, new literature on vagueness has been released which suggests that the standard view is inadequate and that considerations of rationality should factor into more comprehensive models of vagueness. The methodological approaches presented here are diverse, ranging from philosophical interpretations of rational credence for vagueness to adaptations of choice theory (dynamic choice theory, revealed preference models, social choice theory), probabilistic models of pragmatic reasoning (Bayesian pragmatics), evolutionary game theory, and conceptual space models of categorisation.

Vagueness and Rationality in Language Use and Cognition

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783030159320
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (593 download)

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Book Synopsis Vagueness and Rationality in Language Use and Cognition by :

Download or read book Vagueness and Rationality in Language Use and Cognition written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents new conceptual and experimental studies which investigate the connection between vagueness and rationality from various systematic directions, such as philosophy, linguistics, cognitive psychology, computing science, and economics. Vagueness in language use and cognition has traditionally been interpreted in epistemic or semantic terms. The standard view of vagueness specifically suggests that considerations of agency or rationality, broadly conceived, can be left out of the equation. Most recently, new literature on vagueness has been released which suggests that the standard view is inadequate and that considerations of rationality should factor into more comprehensive models of vagueness. The methodological approaches presented here are diverse, ranging from philosophical interpretations of rational credence for vagueness to adaptations of choice theory (dynamic choice theory, revealed preference models, social choice theory), probabilistic models of pragmatic reasoning (Bayesian pragmatics), evolutionary game theory, and conceptual space models of categorisation. I have no doubt that this volume will be a valuable contribution to the current literature on the topic. All chapters are refreshingly original, and they offer surprising connections between vagueness as a semantic phenomenon and other seemingly unrelated problems in game theory, Bayesian epistemology or social choice theory. As a result, the reader is able to acquire a broad understanding of the problem, as well as a sense of its pervasiveness. The book also exhibits a delicate balance between conceptual and experimental approaches to vagueness. It is highly recommended to scholars and graduate students working on epistemology, philosophy of language, cognitive psychology, or linguistics. Eleonora Cresto, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Vagueness and Language Use

Author : P. Égré
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230299318
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Vagueness and Language Use by : P. Égré

Download or read book Vagueness and Language Use written by P. Égré and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-04-19 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together twelve papers by linguists and philosophers contributing novel empirical and formal considerations to theorizing about vagueness. Three main issues are addressed: gradable expressions and comparison, the semantics of degree adverbs and intensifiers (such as 'clearly'), and ways of evading the sorites paradox.

Truth, Rationality, Cognition, and Music

Author : K. Korta
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401705488
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Truth, Rationality, Cognition, and Music by : K. Korta

Download or read book Truth, Rationality, Cognition, and Music written by K. Korta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A speech for the defence in a Paris murder trial, a road-safety slogan, Hobbes' political theory; each appeals to reason of a kind, but it remains an oblique and rhetoricalldnd. Each relies on comparisons rather than on direct statements, and none can override or supersede the conclusions of ethical reasoning proper. Nevertheless, just as slogans may do more for road safety than the mere recital of accident statistics, or of the evidence given at coroners' inquests, so the arguments of a Hobbes or a Bentham may be of greater practical effect than the assertion of genuinely ethical or political statements, however true and relevant these may be. Stephen Toulmin, Reason in Ethics, 1950. The International Colloquium on Cognitive Science (ICCS), held in Donostia - San Sebastian every two years since 1989, has become one of the most important plazas for cognitive scientists in Europe to present the results of their research and to exchange ideas. The seventh edition, co-organized as usual by the Institute for Logic, Cognition, Language, and Information (ILCLI) and the Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science, both from the University of the Basque Country, took place from May 9 to 12, 200 1, addressing the following main topics: 1. Truth: Epistemology and Logic. 2. Rationality in a Social Setting. 3. Music, Language, and Cognition. Vlll TRUTH, RATIONALITY, COGNITION, AND MUSIC 4. The Order of Discourse: Logic, Pragmatics, and Rhetoric.

A User's Guide to Thought and Meaning

Author : Ray Jackendoff
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191620688
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis A User's Guide to Thought and Meaning by : Ray Jackendoff

Download or read book A User's Guide to Thought and Meaning written by Ray Jackendoff and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-02-23 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A User's Guide to Thought and Meaning presents a profound and arresting integration of the faculties of the mind - of how we think, speak, and see the world. Ray Jackendoff starts out by looking at languages and what the meanings of words and sentences actually do. He shows that meanings are more adaptive and complicated than they're commonly given credit for, and he is led to some basic questions: How do we perceive and act in the world? How do we talk about it? And how can the collection of neurons in the brain give rise to conscious experience? As it turns out, the organization of language, thought, and perception does not look much like the way we experience things, and only a small part of what the brain does is conscious. Jackendoff concludes that thought and meaning must be almost completely unconscious. What we experience as rational conscious thought - which we prize as setting us apart from the animals - in fact rides on a foundation of unconscious intuition. Rationality amounts to intuition enhanced by language. Written with an informality that belies both the originality of its insights and the radical nature of its conclusions, A User's Guide to Thought and Meaning is the author's most important book since the groundbreaking Foundations of Language in 2002.

Language and Cognition

Author : Kuniyoshi L. Sakai
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889196275
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Language and Cognition by : Kuniyoshi L. Sakai

Download or read book Language and Cognition written by Kuniyoshi L. Sakai and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-07 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interaction between language and cognition remains an unsolved scientific problem. What are the differences in neural mechanisms of language and cognition? Why do children acquire language by the age of six, while taking a lifetime to acquire cognition? What is the role of language and cognition in thinking? Is abstract cognition possible without language? Is language just a communication device, or is it fundamental in developing thoughts? Why are there no animals with human thinking but without human language? Combinations even among 100 words and 100 objects (multiple words can represent multiple objects) exceed the number of all the particles in the Universe, and it seems that no amount of experience would suffice to learn these associations. How does human brain overcome this difficulty? Since the 19th century we know about involvement of Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas in language. What new knowledge of language and cognition areas has been found with fMRI and other brain imaging methods? Every year we know more about their anatomical and functional/effective connectivity. What can be inferred about mechanisms of their interaction, and about their functions in language and cognition? Why does the human brain show hemispheric (i.e., left or right) dominance for some specific linguistic and cognitive processes? Is understanding of language and cognition processed in the same brain area, or are there differences in language-semantic and cognitive-semantic brain areas? Is the syntactic process related to the structure of our conceptual world? Chomsky has suggested that language is separable from cognition. On the opposite, cognitive and construction linguistics emphasized a single mechanism of both. Neither has led to a computational theory so far. Evolutionary linguistics has emphasized evolution leading to a mechanism of language acquisition, yet proposed approaches also lead to incomputable complexity. There are some more related issues in linguistics and language education as well. Which brain regions govern phonology, lexicon, semantics, and syntax systems, as well as their acquisitions? What are the differences in acquisition of the first and second languages? Which mechanisms of cognition are involved in reading and writing? Are different writing systems affect relations between language and cognition? Are there differences in language-cognition interactions among different language groups (such as Indo-European, Chinese, Japanese, Semitic) and types (different degrees of analytic-isolating, synthetic-inflected, fused, agglutinative features)? What can be learned from sign languages? Rizzolatti and Arbib have proposed that language evolved on top of earlier mirror-neuron mechanism. Can this proposal answer the unknown questions about language and cognition? Can it explain mechanisms of language-cognition interaction? How does it relate to known brain areas and their interactions identified in brain imaging? Emotional and conceptual contents of voice sounds in animals are fused. Evolution of human language has demanded splitting of emotional and conceptual contents and mechanisms, although language prosody still carries emotional content. Is it a dying-off remnant, or is it fundamental for interaction between language and cognition? If language and cognitive mechanisms differ, unifying these two contents requires motivation, hence emotions. What are these emotions? Can they be measured? Tonal languages use pitch contours for semantic contents, are there differences in language-cognition interaction among tonal and atonal languages? Are emotional differences among cultures exclusively cultural, or also depend on languages? Interaction of language and cognition is thus full of mysteries, and we encourage papers addressing any aspect of this topic.

Vagueness, Ambiguity, and All the Rest

Author : Ilaria Fiorentini
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9027246564
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Vagueness, Ambiguity, and All the Rest by : Ilaria Fiorentini

Download or read book Vagueness, Ambiguity, and All the Rest written by Ilaria Fiorentini and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2024-10-15 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to address a gap in the existing literature on the relationship between vagueness and ambiguity, as well as on their differences and similarities, both in synchrony and diachrony, and taking into consideration their relation to language use. The book is divided into two parts, which address specific and broader research questions from different perspectives. The former part examines the differences between ambiguity and vagueness from a bird-eye perspective, with a particular focus on their respective functions and roles in language change. It also presents innovative linguistic resources and tools for the study of these phenomena. The second part contains case studies on vagueness and ambiguity in language change and use. It considers different strategies and languages, including English, French, German, Italian, Medieval Latin, and Old Italian. The readership for this volume is broad, encompassing scholars in a range of disciplines, including pragmatics, spoken discourse, conversation analysis, discourse genres (political, commercial, notarial discourse), corpus studies, language change, pragmaticalization, and language typology.

Legal Interpretation and Scientific Knowledge

Author : David Duarte
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030186717
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Legal Interpretation and Scientific Knowledge by : David Duarte

Download or read book Legal Interpretation and Scientific Knowledge written by David Duarte and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the question of whether legal interpretation is a scientific activity. The law’s dependency on language, at least for the usual communication purposes, not only makes legal interpretation the main task performed by those whose work involves the law, but also an unavoidable step in the process of resolving a legal case. This task of decoding the words and sentences used by normative authorities while enacting norms, carried out in compliance with the principles and rules of the natural language adopted, is prone to all of the difficulties stemming from the uncertainty intrinsic to all linguistic conventions. In this context, seeking to determine whether legal interpretation can be scientific or, in other words, can comply with the requirements for scientific knowledge, becomes a central question. In fact, the coherent application of the law depends on a knowledge regarding the meaning of normative sentences that can be classified (at least) as being structured, systematically organized and tendentially objective. Accordingly, this book focuses on analyzing precisely these problems; its respective contributions offer a range of revealing perspectives on both the problems and their ramifications.

Cognitive Processes and Economic Behaviour

Author : Marcello Basili
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1134362293
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (343 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Processes and Economic Behaviour by : Marcello Basili

Download or read book Cognitive Processes and Economic Behaviour written by Marcello Basili and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years the understanding of the cognitive foundations of economic behavior has become increasingly important. This volume contains contributions from such leading scholars as Adam Brandenburger, Michael Bacharach and Patrick Suppes. It will be of great interest to academics and researchers involved in the field of economics and psychology as well as those interested in political economy more generally.

Myths of Reason

Author : Murray Code
Publisher : Humanities Press International
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Myths of Reason by : Murray Code

Download or read book Myths of Reason written by Murray Code and published by Humanities Press International. This book was released on 1995 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses the meaning of rationality. The author argues that common conceptions of this notion are founded upon dubious myths of reason; and that systematic approaches to rational understanding are inherently limited by denying the cognitive value of myth and metaphor.

Cognition and Pragmatics

Author : Dominiek Sandra
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9027289204
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognition and Pragmatics by : Dominiek Sandra

Download or read book Cognition and Pragmatics written by Dominiek Sandra and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2009-12-09 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ten volumes of Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights focus on the most salient topics in the field of pragmatics, thus dividing its wide interdisciplinary spectrum in a transparent and manageable way. While other volumes select philosophical, grammatical, social, variational, interactional, or discursive angles, this third volume focuses on the interface between language and cognition. Language use is impossible without the mobilization of a large variety of cognitive processes, each serving a different purpose. During the last half century cognitive approaches to language have been particularly successful, and the broad spectrum of contributions to this volume testify to this success. As cognitive approaches to language are by definition a subset of the larger enterprise of cognitive science, a contribution on this general topic sets the stage. This is joined by a chapter on cognitive grammar, a theoretical study of the architecture of human language that is deeply inspired by general cognitive principles. A chapter on experimentation offers a crash-course on basic issues of experimental design and on the rationale behind statistical testing in general and the most important statistical tests in particular, offering a methodological toolkit for understanding many of the other contributions. Different chapters cover a broad range of topics: language acquisition, psycholinguistics, specialized topics within the latter field (e.g. the bilingual mental lexicon, categorization), and aspects of language awareness. Some chapters home in on what have become indispensible perspectives on the cognitive underpinnings of language: the way language is represented and processed in the human brain and simulation studies. The ever-growing success of the latter type of studies is exemplified, for instance, by the highly flourishing connectionist tradition and the more general paradigm of artificial intelligence, each of which is dealt with in a separate contribution.

Concepts, Frames and Cascades in Semantics, Cognition and Ontology

Author : Sebastian Löbner
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030502007
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Concepts, Frames and Cascades in Semantics, Cognition and Ontology by : Sebastian Löbner

Download or read book Concepts, Frames and Cascades in Semantics, Cognition and Ontology written by Sebastian Löbner and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-28 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book presents novel theoretical, empirical and experimental work exploring the nature of mental representations that support natural language production and understanding, and other manifestations of cognition. One fundamental question raised in the text is whether requisite knowledge structures can be adequately modeled by means of a uniform representational format, and if so, what exactly is its nature. Frames are a key topic covered which have had a strong impact on the exploration of knowledge representations in artificial intelligence, psychology and linguistics; cascades are a novel development in frame theory. Other key subject areas explored are: concepts and categorization, the experimental investigation of mental representation, as well as cognitive analysis in semantics. This book is of interest to students, researchers, and professionals working on cognition in the fields of linguistics, philosophy, and psychology.

Emotional Cognitive Neural Algorithms with Engineering Applications

Author : Leonid Perlovsky
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642228305
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Emotional Cognitive Neural Algorithms with Engineering Applications by : Leonid Perlovsky

Download or read book Emotional Cognitive Neural Algorithms with Engineering Applications written by Leonid Perlovsky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-08-28 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic logic (DL) recently had a highest impact on the development in several areas of modeling and algorithm design. The book discusses classical algorithms used for 30 to 50 years (where improvements are often measured by signal-to-clutter ratio), and also new areas, which did not previously exist. These achievements were recognized by National and International awards. Emerging areas include cognitive, emotional, intelligent systems, data mining, modeling of the mind, higher cognitive functions, evolution of languages and other. Classical areas include detection, recognition, tracking, fusion, prediction, inverse scattering, and financial prediction. All these classical areas are extended to using mixture models, which previously was considered unsolvable in most cases. Recent neuroimaging experiments proved that the brain-mind actually uses DL. „Emotional Cognitive Neural Algorithms with Engineering Applications“ is written for professional scientists and engineers developing computer and information systems, for professors teaching modeling and algorithms, and for students working on Masters and Ph.D. degrees in these areas. The book will be of interest to psychologists and neuroscientists interested in mathematical models of the brain and min das well.

Cognition and Figurative Language

Author : Richard P. Honeck
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognition and Figurative Language by : Richard P. Honeck

Download or read book Cognition and Figurative Language written by Richard P. Honeck and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Legal Reasoning and Argumentation

Author : Giorgio Bongiovanni
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9048194520
Total Pages : 773 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Legal Reasoning and Argumentation by : Giorgio Bongiovanni

Download or read book Handbook of Legal Reasoning and Argumentation written by Giorgio Bongiovanni and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-02 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook addresses legal reasoning and argumentation from a logical, philosophical and legal perspective. The main forms of legal reasoning and argumentation are covered in an exhaustive and critical fashion, and are analysed in connection with more general types (and problems) of reasoning. Accordingly, the subject matter of the handbook divides in three parts. The first one introduces and discusses the basic concepts of practical reasoning. The second one discusses the general structures and procedures of reasoning and argumentation that are relevant to legal discourse. The third one looks at their instantiations and developments of these aspects of argumentation as they are put to work in the law, in different areas and applications of legal reasoning.

The Art of Abduction

Author : Igor Douven
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262369915
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis The Art of Abduction by : Igor Douven

Download or read book The Art of Abduction written by Igor Douven and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-11-08 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel defense of abduction, one of the main forms of nondeductive reasoning. With this book, Igor Douven offers the first comprehensive defense of abduction, a form of nondeductive reasoning. Abductive reasoning, which is guided by explanatory considerations, has been under normative pressure since the advent of Bayesian approaches to rationality. Douven argues that, although it deviates from Bayesian tenets, abduction is nonetheless rational. Drawing on scientific results, in particular those from reasoning research, and using computer simulations, Douven addresses the main critiques of abduction. He shows that versions of abduction can perform better than the currently popular Bayesian approaches—and can even do the sort of heavy lifting that philosophers have hoped it would do. Douven examines abduction in detail, comparing it to other modes of inference, explaining its historical roots, discussing various definitions of abduction given in the philosophical literature, and addressing the problem of underdetermination. He looks at reasoning research that investigates how judgments of explanation quality affect people’s beliefs and especially their changes of belief. He considers the two main objections to abduction, the dynamic Dutch book argument, and the inaccuracy-minimization argument, and then gives abduction a positive grounding, using agent-based models to show the superiority of abduction in some contexts. Finally, he puts abduction to work in a well-known underdetermination argument, the argument for skepticism regarding the external world.

Fuzziness and Foundations of Exact and Inexact Sciences

Author : Kofi Kissi Dompere
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642311229
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Fuzziness and Foundations of Exact and Inexact Sciences by : Kofi Kissi Dompere

Download or read book Fuzziness and Foundations of Exact and Inexact Sciences written by Kofi Kissi Dompere and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-08-23 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The monograph is an examination of the fuzzy rational foundations of the structure of exact and inexact sciences over the epistemological space which is distinguished from the ontological space. It is thus concerned with the demarcation problem. It examines exact science and its critique of inexact science. The role of fuzzy rationality in these examinations is presented. The driving force of the discussions is the nature of the information that connects the cognitive relational structure of the epistemological space to the ontological space for knowing. The knowing action is undertaken by decision-choice agents who must process information to derive exact-inexact or true-false conclusions. The information processing is done with a paradigm and laws of thought that constitute the input-output machine. The nature of the paradigm selected depends on the nature of the information structure that is taken as input of the thought processing. Generally, the information structure received from the ontological space is defective from the simple principles of acquaintances and the limitations of cognitive agents operating in the epistemological space. How then do we arrive and claim exactness in our knowledge-production system? The general conclusion of this book is that the conditions of the fuzzy paradigm with its laws of thought and mathematics present a methodological unity of exact and inexact sciences where every zone of thought has fuzzy covering.