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Utilization Characterization And Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Lignocellulosic Substrates For Energy And Materials
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Book Synopsis Utilization, Characterization, and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Substrates for Energy and Materials by : Trevor Hobbs Treasure
Download or read book Utilization, Characterization, and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Substrates for Energy and Materials written by Trevor Hobbs Treasure and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sustainable Degradation of Lignocellulosic Biomass by : Anuj Chandel
Download or read book Sustainable Degradation of Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Anuj Chandel and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides important aspects of sustainable degradation of lignocellulosic biomass which has a pivotal role for the economic production of several value-added products and biofuels with safe environment. Different pretreatment techniques and enzymatic hydrolysis process along with the characterization of cell wall components have been discussed broadly. The following features of this book attribute its distinctiveness: This book comprehensively covers the improvement in methodologies for the biomass pretreatment, hemicellulose and cellulose breakdown into fermentable sugars, the analytical methods for biomass characterization, and bioconversion of cellulosics into biofuels. In addition, mechanistic analysis of biomass pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis have been discussed in details, highlighting key factors influencing these processes at industrial scale.
Book Synopsis Lignocellulose Bioconversion Through White Biotechnology by : Anuj Kumar Chandel
Download or read book Lignocellulose Bioconversion Through White Biotechnology written by Anuj Kumar Chandel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-09-13 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lignocellulose Bioconversion Through White Biotechnology Comprehensive resource summarizing the recent technological advancements in white biotechnology and biomass conversion into fuels, chemicals, food, and more Lignocellulose Bioconversion Through White Biotechnology presents cutting-edge information on lignocellulose biomass conversion, detailing how white biotechnology can develop sustainable biomass pretreatment methods, effective plant cell wall degrading enzymes to yield high quality cellulosic sugars, and the eventual conversion of these sugars into fuels, chemicals, and other materials. To provide comprehensive coverage of the subject, the work offers in-depth critical analysis into both techno-economic and life cycle analysis of lignocellulose-based products. Each of the 16 chapters, written by a well-qualified and established researchers, academics, or engineers, presents key information on a specific facet of lignocellulose-based products. Topics covered include: Lignocellulose feedstock availability, types of feedstock, and potential crops that are of high interest to the industry Lignocellulose bioconversion, including both foundational technical aspects and new modern developments Plant cell wall degrading enzymes, including cellulase improvement and production challenges/solutions when scaling up Improvements and challenges when considering fermenting microorganisms for cellulosic sugars utilization Scaling up of lignocellulose conversion, including insight into current challenges and future practices Techno-economic aspects of lignocellulose feedstock conversion, green consumerism and industrialization aspects of renewable fuels/chemicals Students, academics, researchers, bio-business analysts, and policy-makers working on sustainable fuels, chemicals, materials, and renewable fuels can use Lignocellulose Bioconversion Through White Biotechnology to gain invaluable expert insight into the subject, its current state of the art, and potential exciting future avenues to explore.
Book Synopsis Modeling and Analysis of the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Substrates by : Alaia Sola Saura
Download or read book Modeling and Analysis of the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Substrates written by Alaia Sola Saura and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation (SSCF) are two process options for production of ethanol from lignocellulosic substrates that are superior to separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). The principal benefits of performing the enzymatic hydrolysis together with the fermentation, instead of in a separate step after the hydrolysis as SHF does, are the reduced end-product inhibition of the enzymatic hydrolysis, and the reduced investment costs. The principal drawbacks, on the other hand, are the need to find favorable conditions (e.g. temperature and pH) for both the enzymatic hydrolysis and the fermentation and the difficulty to recycle the fermenting organism and the enzymes. In order to enhance the efficiency of the lignocellulose-to-ethanol conversion, optimization of the hydrolysis (also called saccharification) process step to achieve an optimal conversion of crystalline domains of cellulose is crucial. Towards this end, a few existing models with respect to the kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis are analyzed and compared for biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic substrates. The work is focused on selecting, enhancing and redeveloping an appropriate model for enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore, a few models are simulated and fitted to a set of experimental data, which are taken from literature, in order to compare the accuracy and the applicability of the models. Based on this, a new kinetic model for enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates is also proposed and analyzed.
Book Synopsis Lignocellulose Conversion by : Vincenza Faraco
Download or read book Lignocellulose Conversion written by Vincenza Faraco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-12 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioethanol has been recognized as a potential alternative to petroleum-derived transportation fuels. Even if cellulosic biomass is less expensive than corn and sugarcane, the higher costs for its conversion make the near-term price of cellulosic ethanol higher than that of corn ethanol and even more than that of sugarcane ethanol. Conventional process for bioethanol production from lignocellulose includes a chemical/physical pre-treatment of lignocellulose for lignin removal, mostly based on auto hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis, followed by saccharification of the free accessible cellulose portions of the biomass. The highest yields of fermentable sugars from cellulose portion are achieved by means of enzymatic hydrolysis, currently carried out using a mix of cellulases from the fungus Trichoderma reesei. Reduction of (hemi)cellulases production costs is strongly required to increase competitiveness of second generation bioethanol production. The final step is the fermentation of sugars obtained from saccharification, typically performed by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The current process is optimized for 6-carbon sugars fermentation, since most of yeasts cannot ferment 5-carbon sugars. Thus, research is aimed at exploring new engineered yeasts abilities to co-ferment 5- and 6-carbon sugars. Among the main routes to advance cellulosic ethanol, consolidate bio-processing, namely direct conversion of biomass into ethanol by a genetically modified microbes, holds tremendous potential to reduce ethanol production costs. Finally, the use of all the components of lignocellulose to produce a large spectra of biobased products is another challenge for further improving competitiveness of second generation bioethanol production, developing a biorefinery.
Book Synopsis Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels by : Abu Yousuf
Download or read book Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels written by Abu Yousuf and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels explores the existing technologies and most recent developments for the production of second generation liquid biofuels, providing an introduction to lignocellulosic biomass and the processes for its conversion into biofuels. The book demonstrates biorefinery concepts compared with petro refinery, as well as the challenges of second generation biofuels processing. In addition to current pre-treatment techniques and their technical, environmental and economic implications, chapters included also further examine the particularities of conversion processes for bioethanol, biobutanol and biodiesel through chemical, biochemical and combined approaches. Finally, the book looks into concepts and tools for techno-economic and environmental analysis, which include supply chain assessment, by-products, zero-waste techniques and process evaluation and optimization. Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels is particularly useful for researchers in the field of liquid biofuels seeking alternative chemical and biochemical pathways or those interested advanced methods to calculate maximum yield for each process and methods to simulate the implications and costs of scaling up. Furthermore, with the introduction provided by this volume, researchers and graduate students entering the field will be able to quickly get up to speed and identify knowledge gaps in existing and upcoming technology the book’s comprehensive overview. Examines the state-of-the-art technology for liquid biofuels production from lignocellulosic biomass Provides a comprehensive overview of the existing chemical and biochemical processes for second generation biofuel conversion Presents tools for the techno-economic and environmental analysis of technologies, as well as for the scale-up simulation of conversion processes
Book Synopsis Utilising Biomass in Biotechnology by : Helen Treichel
Download or read book Utilising Biomass in Biotechnology written by Helen Treichel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-15 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the developing area of biomass for technological applications. Written by leading researchers in the field, the book differs from other literature available by providing a detailed, in-depth discussion of the characteristics of these materials. The use of biomass for technological applications is a rapidly growing area in materials engineering and green bioprocesses. In this approach, pre-treatments focus on the bioavailability of nutrients and facilitate the use of biomass for delivering byproducts (e.g. enzymes) and for bioenergy production, both of which are discussed at length in this book. In this regard, it explores various aspects of the structural complexity of residual biomass produced by agricultural, industrial and livestock activities for biotechnological purposes, and assesses both conventional and emerging pre-treatments (e.g. biological, enzymatic and physical–chemical). This book reveals the advantages of these techniques, both individually and in combination, making it an excellent resource for all readers interested in cutting-edge applications of biomass.
Book Synopsis Fungal Pigments by : Laurent Dufossé
Download or read book Fungal Pigments written by Laurent Dufossé and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Fungal Pigments" that was published in JoF
Book Synopsis Development of Optimal Enzymatic and Microbial Conversion Systems for Biofuel Production by : Natthiporn Aramrueang
Download or read book Development of Optimal Enzymatic and Microbial Conversion Systems for Biofuel Production written by Natthiporn Aramrueang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increase in demand for fuels, along with the concerns over the depletion of fossil fuels and the environmental problems associated with the use of the petroleum-based fuels, has driven the exploitation of clean and renewable energy. Through a collaboration project with Mendota Bioenergy LLC to produce advanced biofuel from sugar beet and other locally grown crops in the Central Valley of California through demonstration and commercial-scale biorefineries, the present study focused on the investigation of selected potential biomass as biofuel feedstock and development of bioconversion systems for sustainable biofuel production. For an efficient biomass-to-biofuel conversion process, three important steps, which are central to this research, must be considered: feedstock characterization, enzymatic hydrolysis of the feedstock, and the bioconversion process. The first part of the research focused on the characterization of various lignocellulosic biomass as feedstocks and investigated their potential ethanol yields. Physical characteristics and chemical composition were analyzed for four sugar beet varieties, three melon varieties, tomato, Jose tall wheatgrass, wheat hay, and wheat straw. Melons and tomato are those products discarded by the growers or processors due to poor quality. The mass-based ethanol potential of each feedstock was determined based on the composition. The high sugar-containing feedstocks are sugar beet roots, melons, and tomato, containing 72%, 63%, and 42% average soluble sugars on a dry basis, respectively. Thus, for these crops, the soluble sugars are the main substrate for ethanol production. The potential ethanol yields, on average, for sugar beet roots, melons, and tomato are 591, 526, and 448 L ethanol/metric ton dry basis (d.b.), respectively. Lignocellulosic biomass, including Jose Tall wheatgrass and wheat straw, are composed primarily of cellulose (27-39% d.b.) and hemicellulose (26-30% d.b.). The ethanol yields from these materials can range from 470 to 533 L ethanol/metric ton (d.b.) Sugar beet leaves contain nearly equal amounts of cellulose (13%), hemicellulose (16%), and pectin (17%). The potential ethanol yield of sugar beet leaves is 340 L ethanol/metric ton (d.b.). As remaining unused in great quantities during the production of sugar beet as a sugar and energy crop, sugar beet leaves was studied as a potential feedstock for the production of biofuel and valuable products. The enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beet leaves was optimized for fermentable sugar production. Optimization of enzyme usage was performed to make the biorefinery process more cost- and energy-effective. In this research, response surface methodology was used to study the effects of enzyme loadings during the hydrolysis of sugar beet leaves at 10% total solids content, using a mix of cellulases, hemicellulases, and pectinases. The effects of enzyme loadings were studied with a five-level rotatable central composite design for maximum conversion of sugar beet leaves to fermentable sugars. The conversion efficiency for sugar beet leaves is in the range of 59-70%, 68-80%, and 74-82% for the 24h, 48h and 72 h of hydrolysis, depending on the enzyme loadings. A maximum sugar yield of 82% was achieved after 72h of hydrolysis. The results of statistical analysis show that cellulases and pectinases are important enzymes for the hydrolysis of sugar beet leaves. Regression models for the enzymatic hydrolysis are proposed for estimations of sugar yields, in relation to enzyme loadings. The last part of this study investigated biogas production through the anaerobic digestion of microalgae as they have received much attention as another potential biofuel feedstock. Anaerobic digestion of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) was conducted in batch reactors for the study of the kinetics and, in continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR), for the study of the two important operating parameters: hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR). The kinetics study on methane production from batch experiments shows first order kinetics and a reaction rate constant of 0.382 d−1. The maximum biogas and methane yields for Spirulina are 0.514 L/gVS and 0.360 L CH4/gVS, respectively. The methane content of the biogas is 68%. During the continuous anaerobic digestion in CSTR for OLR in the range of 1.0-4.0 gVS/L/d, biogas and methane yields are in the ranges of 0.276-0.502 L/ gVS and 0.163-0.342 L CH4/gVS, respectively. Methane content is 59-70% of the biogas. Methane yield decreases with an increase in OLR and a decrease in HRT. The maximum methane production is 0.342 L CH4/gVS at OLR of 1.0 gVS/L d and 25d-HRT, achieving 94% of the maximum yield produced by batch digestion. Ammonia inhibition and the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) were observed at high OLR. According to the results from the continuous digestion of Spirulina, the recommended HRT should be sufficient at least 15d, with the OLR(max) of 2.0 gVS/L to prevent ammonia inhibition at higher feed concentrations. The OLR can be increased when the digester is operated at longer HRT since a long HRT provides a more stable operation. A mathematical model, based on the kinetics study from the batch process, was developed for the prediction of methane production during a continuous digestion process, in relation to HRT. Further improvement of the model may have to include the effects of ammonia inhibition and low solids retention time (SRT) to overcome these limitations.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991-10 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book DOE Genomics written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Substrate Analysis for Effective Biofuels Production by : Neha Srivastava
Download or read book Substrate Analysis for Effective Biofuels Production written by Neha Srivastava and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a substrate, cellulose plays a crucial role in the biomass-based biofuel production process, and is essential to enzyme and sugar production. Accordingly, ensuring maximum availability of cellulose for enzyme production and bioconversion for sugar generation is one of the major challenges for sustainable biofuels production. To date there has been extensive research on biofuel production using lignocellulosic biomass, but there is a huge gap when it comes to the critical analysis of cellulose content, structural feasibility, availability, and economic processing, so that it can be converted for enzyme and fuel production at low cost. Consequently, this book discusses the availability of lignocellulosic substrate for biofuel production in light of the challenges that the biofuels industry is currently facing. After identifying the major substrate selection challenges for the practical biofuel production process, the book addresses said challenges by focusing on various issues such as: potential substrates that have high cellulosic content, structural feasibility, and low-cost & effective processing to remedy the structural complexity of biomass structure and create added value. In addition, it covers recent advancements in cellulase production and outlines future prospects. Given its scope, it offers a valuable guide for research students and industry practitioners alike.
Book Synopsis Aspen Plus by : Kamal I. M. Al-Malah
Download or read book Aspen Plus written by Kamal I. M. Al-Malah and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-10-12 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ASPEN PLUS® Comprehensive resource covering Aspen Plus V12.1 and demonstrating how to implement the program in versatile chemical process industries Aspen Plus®: Chemical Engineering Applications facilitates the process of learning and later mastering Aspen Plus®, the market-leading chemical process modeling software, with step-by-step examples and succinct explanations. The text enables readers to identify solutions to various process engineering problems via screenshots of the Aspen Plus® platforms in parallel with the related text. To aid in information retention, the text includes end-of-chapter problems and term project problems, online exam and quiz problems for instructors that are parametrized (i.e., adjustable) so that each student will have a standalone version, and extra online material for students, such as Aspen Plus®-related files, that are used in the working tutorials throughout the entire textbook. The second edition of Aspen Plus®: Chemical Engineering Applications includes information on: Various new features that were embedded into Aspen Plus V12.1 and existing features which have been modified Aspen Custom Modeler (ACM), covering basic features to show how to merge customized models into Aspen Plus simulator New updates to process dynamics and control and process economic analysis since the first edition was published Vital areas of interest in relation to the software, such as polymerization, drug solubility, solids handling, safety measures, and energy saving For chemical engineering students and industry professionals, the second edition of Aspen Plus®: Chemical Engineering Applications is a key resource for understanding Aspen Plus and the new features that were added in version 12.1 of the software. Many supplementary learning resources help aid the reader with information retention.
Book Synopsis Bioenergy Research: Advances and Applications by : Vijai G. Gupta
Download or read book Bioenergy Research: Advances and Applications written by Vijai G. Gupta and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioenergy Research: Advances and Applications brings biology and engineering together to address the challenges of future energy needs. The book consolidates the most recent research on current technologies, concepts, and commercial developments in various types of widely used biofuels and integrated biorefineries, across the disciplines of biochemistry, biotechnology, phytology, and microbiology. All the chapters in the book are derived from international scientific experts in their respective research areas. They provide you with clear and concise information on both standard and more recent bioenergy production methods, including hydrolysis and microbial fermentation. Chapters are also designed to facilitate early stage researchers, and enables you to easily grasp the concepts, methodologies and application of bioenergy technologies. Each chapter in the book describes the merits and drawbacks of each technology as well as its usefulness. The book provides information on recent approaches to graduates, post-graduates, researchers and practitioners studying and working in field of the bioenergy. It is an invaluable information resource on biomass-based biofuels for fundamental and applied research, catering to researchers in the areas of bio-hydrogen, bioethanol, bio-methane and biorefineries, and the use of microbial processes in the conversion of biomass into biofuels. Reviews all existing and promising technologies for production of advanced biofuels in addition to bioenergy policies and research funding Cutting-edge research concepts for biofuels production using biological and biochemical routes, including microbial fuel cells Includes production methods and conversion processes for all types of biofuels, including bioethanol and biohydrogen, and outlines the pros and cons of each
Download or read book The Interaction of Enzymes written by and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook on Bioethanol by : Charles Wyman
Download or read book Handbook on Bioethanol written by Charles Wyman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioethanol is a versatile transportation fuel and fuel additive that offers excellent performance and reduced air pollution compared to conventional fuels. Its production and use adds little, if any, net release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, dramatically reducing the potential for global climate change. Through a sustained research program and an emerging economic competitiveness, the technology for bioethanol production is poised for immediate widespread commercial applications. Written by engineers and scientists providing a technical focus, this handbook provides the up-to-date information needed by managers, engineers, and scientists to evaluate the technology, market, and economics of this fuel, while examining the development of production required to support its commercial use.
Book Synopsis Xylanolytic Enzymes by : Pratima Bajpai
Download or read book Xylanolytic Enzymes written by Pratima Bajpai and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-02-03 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Xylanolytic Enzymes describes the enzyme structure and its interaction with plant cell walls, the properties and production of different enzymes and their application, and the knowledge gathered on the hydrolysis mechanism of hemicellulose. The knowledge gathered about the hydrolysis mechanism of the hemicelluloses, especially xylans, has greatly promoted the rapid application of these enzymes in new areas. Recently there has been much industrial interest in xylan and its hydrolytic enzymatic complex, as a supplement and for the manufacturing of food, drinks, textiles, pulps and paper, and ethanol; and in xylitol production as a fermentation substrate for the production of enzymes. This book describes xylan as a major component of plant hemicelluloses. Presents a thorough overview of all aspects of xylanolytic enzymes Gives up-to-date authoritative information and cites pertinent research Includes studies on xylanase regulation and synergistic action between multiple forms of xylanase
