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Using Nitrogen And Phosphorus Budgets As Effective Tools For Assessing Nitrogen And Phosphorus Losses From Agricultural Systems
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Book Synopsis Using Nitrogen and Phosphorus Budgets as Effective Tools for Assessing Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses from Agricultural Systems by : Rishi Prasad
Download or read book Using Nitrogen and Phosphorus Budgets as Effective Tools for Assessing Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses from Agricultural Systems written by Rishi Prasad and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Field (or farm) in plant part, represented 72, 84, and 89% of total N uptake and 89, 90 and 93% of total P uptake for potato, sweet corn and silage corn, respectively. Nitrogen left in the field in crop residues was greatest for potato and posed potential for N losses due to the fast decomposition of potato residues after vine desiccation. Use of a potato model indicated excess water above the crop ET, higher fertilizer applications than the university recommended rates and poor synchrony between plant N uptake and fertilizer application timing were responsible for leaching loss of N.
Author :Edited by: Goswin Heckrath, Marianne Bechmann, Petri Ekholm, Faruk Djodjic, Barbro Ulén, Hans Estrup Andersen and Preben Olsen Publisher :Nordic Council of Ministers ISBN 13 :9289312424 Total Pages :142 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (893 download)
Book Synopsis Tools for Assessing Phosphorus Loss from Nordic Agriculture by : Edited by: Goswin Heckrath, Marianne Bechmann, Petri Ekholm, Faruk Djodjic, Barbro Ulén, Hans Estrup Andersen and Preben Olsen
Download or read book Tools for Assessing Phosphorus Loss from Nordic Agriculture written by Edited by: Goswin Heckrath, Marianne Bechmann, Petri Ekholm, Faruk Djodjic, Barbro Ulén, Hans Estrup Andersen and Preben Olsen and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2005-11-01 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sustainable Use of Water Resources by : Müfit Bahadir
Download or read book Sustainable Use of Water Resources written by Müfit Bahadir and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), water is the limiting agent in sustainable development and is critical to all socio-economic aspects of human welfare, including security, energy, food, and health issues. It is essential for the production and preservation of foodstuff, is a host of benefits and services for people, and plays a key role in strengthening the resilience of social, economic, and environmental systems in the light of rapid and unpredictable changes. However, water can also pose serious challenges to sustainable development if not managed efficiently and equitably. In the past, many water related workshops and conferences have been held all over the world, however, the here reported one is the first expert workshop integrating social-economic and engineering scientists, practitioners, and policy makers in in the field of sustainable water management in Sub-Saharan Africa region. In addition, the subject of the workshop “Sustainable Use of Water Resources” addresses the challenges outlined in the Kenyan Vision 2030 programs. Additionally, Africa’s rising population is the driving force of the demand for water and accelerates the degradation of water resources in many countries on the continent. Current research has projected that almost all African countries will face either absolute or economic water scarcity by 2025. The main objective of the workshop was to share experiences, knowledge, and research outcomes among experts of water and environment, and to discuss major problems and challenges in the field of sustainable water management in Sub-Saharan Africa Region. It also aimed (i) to improve the understandings of the interrelationship between SDGs and the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM); to identify the current trends in water management practices and their shortcomings; (iii) to establish a Sub-Saharan Africa Network of water experts; and (iv) to identify promising areas of future research for the Sub-Saharan Africa Region.
Book Synopsis Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century by : National Research Council
Download or read book Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-25 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last 20 years, there has been a remarkable emergence of innovations and technological advances that are generating promising changes and opportunities for sustainable agriculture, yet at the same time the agricultural sector worldwide faces numerous daunting challenges. Not only is the agricultural sector expected to produce adequate food, fiber, and feed, and contribute to biofuels to meet the needs of a rising global population, it is expected to do so under increasingly scarce natural resources and climate change. Growing awareness of the unintended impacts associated with some agricultural production practices has led to heightened societal expectations for improved environmental, community, labor, and animal welfare standards in agriculture. Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century assesses the scientific evidence for the strengths and weaknesses of different production, marketing, and policy approaches for improving and reducing the costs and unintended consequences of agricultural production. It discusses the principles underlying farming systems and practices that could improve the sustainability. It also explores how those lessons learned could be applied to agriculture in different regional and international settings, with an emphasis on sub-Saharan Africa. By focusing on a systems approach to improving the sustainability of U.S. agriculture, this book can have a profound impact on the development and implementation of sustainable farming systems. Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century serves as a valuable resource for policy makers, farmers, experts in food production and agribusiness, and federal regulatory agencies.
Book Synopsis Minimizing Phosphorus and Nitrogen Loss from Agricultural Systems with Cover Crops and Tillage in Southern Illinois by : Ashani Thilakarathne
Download or read book Minimizing Phosphorus and Nitrogen Loss from Agricultural Systems with Cover Crops and Tillage in Southern Illinois written by Ashani Thilakarathne and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) production in Illinois has a significant impact on the economy and environmental footprint in the state and the Midwest region. Nutrient leaching from Midwestern agricultural fields is one of the major reasons for the hypoxic zone developed in the Gulf of Mexico. Winter-fallow and early spring (after fertilizer application) are the two most critical periods for nutrient leaching due to increased precipitation and availability of nutrients. Cover crops (CCs) in these seasons are a promising best management practice (BMP) to reduce nutrient leaching in the winter-fallow season. No-till (NT) and reduced tillage (RT) are some other BMPs that farmers in Illinois adopt to reduce erosion. The adoption of CCs is limited due to the lack of knowledge and data on the yield and environmental benefits of CCs in different climatic and soil regimes. Thereby, this doctoral dissertation addresses several critical questions about CC and tillage impacts in claypan soils of southern Illinois with four principal projects with multiple objectives. Research study 1 was a field experiment conducted from 2013-to 2021 to understand the effect of CCs (CCs vs. noCC) and two tillage (NT and RT) practices on soil nitrate-N leaching. The experimental design was a complete randomized design with CC treatments that had two levels (two crop rotations) corn-cereal rye (Secale cereale L.)-soybean-hairy vetch (Vicia villosa R.) [CcrShv] and corn-noCC-soybean-noCC [CncSnc] and tillage treatments with two levels (NT and RT) replicated three times in the field. Each plot had a pan lysimeter installed below the A horizon (22-30 cm depth) to collect water samples weekly or biweekly depending on the rainfall. The corn yield was significantly greater in RT rotations compared to NT rotations with a 36% increase in the yield in 2019 and 2021 corn rotations. The yield was significantly greater in CcrShv rotations compared to the CncSnc rotations. The greatest yield was observed in the interaction of CcrShv-RT in all years. This increase in yield is inversely correlated to the remaining soil N values when the N credit from CCs was not accounted for. Soil nitrate-N leaching was significantly greater in CcrShv rotations compared to the CncSnc rotation in 2021 indicating vetch CC biomass decomposition can lead to increased leaching losses if the window between CC termination and corn planting is not minimized. Precipitation during the early spring can play a vital role in flushing the newly applied fertilizer as well as the N released from decomposing CC residue. The excessively wet year of 2019 showed that N losses are dominated by both nitrate-N leaching and nitrous oxide emissions, but in a typical growing season N losses are dominated by leaching compared to emissions. Research study 2 was designed to better understand the N cycling and fate of applied N in a complete corn-soybean rotation in southern Illinois with CCs and tillage practices. The research was overlayed in the same field with the same crop rotation and tillage practices. In this study, 15N labeled urea fertilizer (9.2% atom) was applied before the corn and soybean seasons. Soil, water, and biomass samples were collected to understand N distribution in each pool. In the corn season in 2017 a significantly greater 15N recovery was observed in CC (CcrShv) plots compared to the noCC plots in the sample collected seven days after planting (DAP). In the CC and depth interaction, a significantly greater 15N recovery was observed in 15-30 cm depth showing that the increased macropores due to CCs can lead to subsurface movement of N through the topsoil. The 15N recovery in water samples was high in CncSnc rotations in the cereal rye season but was significantly greater in CcrShv rotations (8.95 kg ha-1) in hairy vetch seasons. In the two years of complete rotation, the cumulative 15N recovery (quantity derived from fertilizer in water) was significantly greater in CC rotation. In the corn plants, the 15N recovered from the soil was greater than the 15N recovered from fertilizer. This shows the importance of the residual N from prior fertilizer and organic matter input. In the cereal rye season, CCs recovered significantly greater 15N from fertilizer compared to noCC rotations, assuring that cereal rye is an effective nutrient scavenger. A similar pattern was observed in the hairy vetch season as well. However, the soybean 15N recovery was greater in noCC rotations compared to CC rotations. The third study was a field trial on CCs and tillage to understand their individual and combined impact on soil physical parameters. Soil physical parameters were first measured in 2014 and were repeated in 2021. Bulk density at the 0-5 cm depth was 5% lower in 2021 compared to 2014 with the lowest BD in CC rotations with RT practices. For the depth of 0-15 cm, the lowest BD was observed in CC rotation with RT but, the largest reduction was observed in the CC rotation with NT. The wet aggregate stability was improved from 15-28 % over the years in all rotations. The lowest percentage improvement was observed in noCC rotation with RT practice. Penetration resistance was significantly lower in CC plots for the depth of 0-2.5 cm. CCs further improved the time to runoff in plots even though the infiltration rates were not affected. Chemical soil health indices were not significant overtime for CCs or tillage practices. However, a large number of earthworm counts were observed in NT systems compared to RT systems. The final project was a field trial to identify the soil P response to the CC and tillage practices. For this study, three different CC rotations, [corn-cereal rye-soybean-hairy vetch / corn-cereal rye-soybean-oats+radish / corn-noCC-soybean-noCC] and two tillage practices (NT and RT) were used. Soil samples were collected after the corn harvest in 2015 and 2021 and were analyzed for soil Phosphorus (P), inorganic P fractions by Chan and Jackson method, and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in leachate. The soil Mehlich-3 and Bray-1 P values indicate a great concentration of P in 0-15 cm depth for both years. More refined sampling in 2021 showed that the majority of P in 0-15 cm depth concentrates at the near-surface soil, in 0-5 cm depth irrespective of the CC and tillage treatment. Inorganic soil P fractions were not significantly different between CCs or tillage practices over time. Yet, irrespective of the treatment the non- labile P forms increased in 2021in the soil compared to 2015. The average and cumulative DRP values were highly dependent on the precipitation amounts and timing. However, in general, NT systems had greater average and cumulative DRP leaching compared to RT in both years. In general, CCs in the winter-fallow season is a good recommendation for farms that seek to maximize their production with a minimal environmental footprint. In the long run, CCs can improve soil physical and chemical properties which ultimately can increase the yield potential for corn and soybean. The added benefit of N credit due to leguminous CCs can reduce the fertilizer inputs. The CC benefits including the reduction in nutrient leaching depend on the type of CCs used in the field. More importantly, the CC termination time will be critical to obtain the maximum benefit of CCs. Even though the NT practices improve soil physical properties, long-term NT can increase the risk of soil P stratification in near-surface soils and can ultimately lead to more P loss via erosion, runoff, and soil water leaching. However, the combined use of CC and NT practices can help minimize the potential for erosion and runoff.
Book Synopsis Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle by : Arvin Mosier
Download or read book Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle written by Arvin Mosier and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and development and a key agricultural input-but in excess it can lead to a host of problems for human and ecological health. Across the globe, distribution of fertilizer nitrogen is very uneven, with some areas subject to nitrogen pollution and others suffering from reduced soil fertility, diminished crop production, and other consequences of inadequate supply. Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle provides a global assessment of the role of nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen cycle. The focus of the book is regional, emphasizing the need to maintain food and fiber production while minimizing environmental impacts where fertilizer is abundant, and the need to enhance fertilizer utilization in systems where nitrogen is limited. The book is derived from a workshop held by the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) in Kampala, Uganda, that brought together the world's leading scientists to examine and discuss the nitrogen cycle and related problems. It contains an overview chapter that summarizes the group's findings, four chapters on cross-cutting issues, and thirteen background chapters. The book offers a unique synthesis and provides an up-to-date, broad perspective on the issues of nitrogen fertilizer in food production and the interaction of nitrogen and the environment.
Book Synopsis Phosphorus Management in Crop Production by : Nand Kumar Fageria
Download or read book Phosphorus Management in Crop Production written by Nand Kumar Fageria and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-02-17 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world population is projected to reach nine billion by 2050, and in the coming years, global food demand is expected to increase by 50% or more. Higher crop productivity gains in the future will have to be achieved in developing countries through better natural resources management and crop improvement. After nitrogen, phosphorus (P) has more widespread influence on both natural and agricultural ecosystems than any other essential plant element. It has been estimated that 5.7 billion hectares of land worldwide contain insufficient amounts of available P for sustainable crop production, and P deficiency in crop plants is a widespread problem in various parts of the world. However, it has been estimated that worldwide minable P could last less than 40 years. For sustaining future food supplies, it is vital to enhance plant P use efficiency. To bring the latest knowledge and research advances in efficient management of P for economically viable and environmentally beneficial crop production in sustainable agriculture, Phosphorus Management in Crop Production contains chapters covering functions and diagnostic techniques for P requirements in crop plants, P use efficiency and interactions with other nutrients in crop plants, management of P for optimal crop production and environmental quality, and basic principles and methodology regarding P nutrition in crop plants. The majority of research data included are derived from many years of field, greenhouse, and lab work, hence the information is practical in nature and will have a significant impact on efficient management of P-fertilizers to enhance P use efficiency, improve crop production, promote sustainable agriculture, and reduce P losses through eluviations, leaching, and erosion to minimize environmental degradation. A comprehensive book that combines practical and applied information, Phosphorus Management in Crop Production is an excellent reference for students, professors, agricultural research scientists, food scientists, agricultural extension specialists, private consultants, fertilizer companies, and government agencies that deal with agricultural and environmental issues.
Book Synopsis Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses from Agronomy Plots in North Alabama by : Robert R. Bradford
Download or read book Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses from Agronomy Plots in North Alabama written by Robert R. Bradford and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measuring Runoff and Nutrient Losses from Agricultural Land in Nordic Countries by : Lillian Øygarden
Download or read book Measuring Runoff and Nutrient Losses from Agricultural Land in Nordic Countries written by Lillian Øygarden and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1998 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sustainable Practices in Geoenvironmental Engineering, Second Edition by : Raymond N. Yong
Download or read book Sustainable Practices in Geoenvironmental Engineering, Second Edition written by Raymond N. Yong and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-09-25 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the seven years since the publication of the first edition of Sustainable Practices in Geoenvironmental Engineering, the combination of population growth and increased exploitation of renewable and non-renewable natural resources has added increased stresses on the quality and health of the geoenvironment. This is especially true when viewed in the context of the growing demand for food and shelter, energy and mineral resources, and their resultant effects on the natural capital of the geoenvironment. Completely revised and updated, this second edition of a bestseller introduces and discusses the concept of "stressors" and their impacts on the geoenvironment. See What’s New in the Second Edition: Clear definition of the geoenvironment New tools and remediation technologies, new management methods for geohazards, and enhanced coverage of social and economic sustainability Innovative approaches and techniques for reaching geoenvironmental sustainability More detail on treatment technologies, both in situ and ex situ Discussion on the mitigation of geodisasters Additional sections to discuss sustainability assessment protocols Updated information on models for prediction of contaminant behavior The authors explore the technologies that take into account targets, exposure routes (if applicable), future land use, acceptable risks, legislation, and resultant emissions/discharges in establishing the criteria and tools for evaluating technologies and protocols for environmental management of the impacted land. They then discuss how to choose the correct ones to use in different situations to protect the quality and health of natural resource and capital of the geoenvironment and ensure that these geoenvironmental natural resources and capital remain available for future generations and to develop innovative and sustainable techniques to make land more stable and safer.
Book Synopsis Sustainable Agriculture by : Christine Jakobsson
Download or read book Sustainable Agriculture written by Christine Jakobsson and published by Baltic University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Land Use and Water Quality by : Brian Kronvang
Download or read book Land Use and Water Quality written by Brian Kronvang and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of 11 papers introduces broad topics covering various professional disciplines related to the research arena of land use and water quality. The papers exemplify the important links between agriculture and water quality in surface and ground waters as well as the pollution problems around urban areas. Advancement of new technologies for analyzing links between land use and water quality problems as well as insights into new tools for analyzing large monitoring datasets are highlighted in this collection of papers.
Book Synopsis Development, Testing and Application of a Crop Nitrogen and Phosphorus Model to Investigate Leaching Losses at the Local Scale by : Michael Van der Laan
Download or read book Development, Testing and Application of a Crop Nitrogen and Phosphorus Model to Investigate Leaching Losses at the Local Scale written by Michael Van der Laan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The leaching of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from the rootzone of cropping systems is a major contributor of non-point source pollution resulting in deterioration of fresh water supplies. An escalating world population is forcing further intensification of agricultural production practices and the identification of suitable and effective management practices to reduce N and P leaching losses is becoming ever more important. Such leaching losses are, however, extremely challenging to measure and quantify due to uncertainties associated with the estimation of deep drainage and N and P concentrations in this drainage water. SWB-Sci is a locally developed, mechanistic crop model to which N and P subroutines have been added to enable analysis of leaching losses at the local scale. This involved novel approaches to estimate the effects of N deficiencies on yield: to simulate crop P demand, uptake and stress effects: to simulate banded P fertilizer applications: and to estimate incomplete solute mixing. New equations to estimate the size of the Labile P pool from soil P tests commonly used in South Africa, and guidelines on the classification of South African soils as calcareous, slightly weathered or highly weathered which is required to simulate P, were also developed. The upgraded more versatile model was tested using historical datasets from the Netherlands, Kenya and South Africa, and performed well in simulating N and P dynamics in maize and wheat cropping systems. Variables tested included aboveground dry matter production, yield, leaf area index, aboveground crop N and P mass, grain N and P mass, soil water content ABSTRACT xvii and soil inorganic N levels. A study was also conducted on a large drainage lysimeter into which suction cups and wetting front detectors were installed, and data from this experiment together with the SWB-Sci model was used to study vertical solute movement more closely. As hypothesized, wetting front detector nitrate (NO3- ) and P concentrations were observed to align closely with simulated mobile phase concentrations, and suction cup NO3- concentrations were observed to align closely with simulated immobile phase concentrations. These results confirm that monitoring and modelling can be used together to improve understanding and obtain more accurate estimates of N and P leaching losses, and further work on this approach is recommended for a wide range of soils and cropping systems. Finally, long-term modelling with the SWB-Sci model was used to analyse and compare N and P leaching losses from a dryland versus an irrigated monoculture maize production system. Over a 30 year simulation period, irrigated maize was estimated to leach considerably higher loads of N and P (̃4-fold higher). For dryland production, zero leaching was observed for consecutive years on several occasions, with major leaching losses associated with high rainfall events. A room for rain irrigation scheduling management practice was estimated to reduce N leaching by 12% and P leaching by 14%, while a crop rotation system which incorporated wheat grown over the winter months was estimated to reduce N leaching by 23% and P leaching by 24%. From this study, long-term modelling was confirmed as an effective approach to investigate N and P leaching losses, to assist with the planning and design of field trials, and to assess the effectiveness of best management practices. It is envisaged that SWB-Sci will continue to evolve as a valuable tool for analysing and reducing N and P leaching losses from cropping systems to further reduce non-point source pollution.
Book Synopsis RCA III, Nutrient Use in Cropland Agriculture (commercial Fertilizer and Manure) by : Charles H. Lander
Download or read book RCA III, Nutrient Use in Cropland Agriculture (commercial Fertilizer and Manure) written by Charles H. Lander and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitrogen and Phosphorus by : Keith S. Porter
Download or read book Nitrogen and Phosphorus written by Keith S. Porter and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is the result of four years of research by five Cornell professors and examines agriculture as a major source of nitrogen and phosphorus loading in streams and lakes, based on a highly integrated interdisciplinary study.
Book Synopsis Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal from Municipal Wastewater by : Richard I. Sedlak
Download or read book Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal from Municipal Wastewater written by Richard I. Sedlak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-10-07 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This valuable new book offers practical guidance regarding the design and operation of systems for reducing effluent nitrogen and phosphorus. The principles of nitrogen and phosphorus removal are discussed, including sources of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater, removal options, nitrogen and phosphorus transformations in treatment, process selection, and treatment. The book also covers the design and operation of nitrogen and phosphorus removal systems, including system options, system design, facility design, facility costs, and operation. Practical case studies are provided as examples of successful system implementations that may be able to help you decide what will work best in your plant.
Book Synopsis Protocol for Developing Nutrient TMDLs by :
Download or read book Protocol for Developing Nutrient TMDLs written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
