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Using Naip Imagery To Estimate Tree Canopy Cover
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Book Synopsis Using NAIP Imagery to Estimate Tree Canopy Cover by : Abigail Schaaf
Download or read book Using NAIP Imagery to Estimate Tree Canopy Cover written by Abigail Schaaf and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper highlights the likelihood of overestimating canopy cover using any airborne imagerywith particular focus on National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery. This study compared canopy-cover estimates from NAIP imagery and resource photography acquired during the same year. Four sites were selected based on a visual evaluation of apparent canopy-cover differences between the two types of imagery and used to estimate tree canopy cover. The estimates of canopy cover samples from NAIP imagery were about 45 percent higher than those collected from resource photography. Because NAIP is the only high-resolution digital imagery available over the contiguous U.S. (and is streamed via Image Server to all Forest Service personnel), it is an important resource for forest mapping, planning, and monitoring. However, it does have limitations, specifically estimating canopy cover. The results from this investigation need to be considered before deciding to use NAIP imagery to determine tree canopy cover."
Book Synopsis Estimating Piyon and Juniper Cover Across Utah Using NAIP Imagery by : Darrell B. Roundy
Download or read book Estimating Piyon and Juniper Cover Across Utah Using NAIP Imagery written by Darrell B. Roundy and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Image-based Estimation of Urban Tree Canopy Cover in Support of the Urban Forest Effects (UFORE) Model by :
Download or read book Image-based Estimation of Urban Tree Canopy Cover in Support of the Urban Forest Effects (UFORE) Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tools such as the Urban Forest Effects (UFORE) model exist to convert measured quantities of the physical state of urban forests into monetary sums that represent the ecosystem services that the forests provide. However, field data required to run the model are infrequently collected and very costly to acquire. Remotely sensed data may provide a cost-effective way to collect canopy cover data, one of the data requirements for the UFORE model, to augment and extend the life of the field data. The purpose of this study is to create a simple and repeatable workflow that accurately characterizes forest canopy cover using high resolution remotely sensed data. Student volunteers were trained in image interpretation techniques and then estimated canopy cover for a pilot study area in Tampa, FL. A total of 531 1/10-acre plots (each with 29 systematically distributed points) were interpreted as either 'tree' or 'non-tree' using 2006 IKONOS imagery pan-sharpened to 1 meter and 2010 1-meter 4-band color infrared NAIP imagery. Canopy cover estimates were then compared to field data collected in 2006 and 2011, respectively, and used to train a supervised classification to produce a wall-to-wall map product. Classification resulted in poor overall accuracy for 2006 and 2010 maps, and wall-to-wall products were deemed not acceptable and thus discarded in favor of the image-based estimation. However, comparisons of interpreted points (32.87 percent plus or minus 3.01 percent and 31.35 percent plus or minus 2.91 percent for 2006 and 2010, respectively) and field data (31.30 percent plus or minus 2.79 percent and 33.26 plus or minus 2.87 percent for 2006 and 2011, respectively) indicate strong positive relationships and demonstrate that while considerable resources must be invested to train new interpreters, remotely sensed data can provide an adequate surrogate for field-collected canopy cover data in gap collection years.
Book Synopsis Comparison of Tree Canopy Cover Derived from Lidar and Optical Imagery by :
Download or read book Comparison of Tree Canopy Cover Derived from Lidar and Optical Imagery written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land managers requiring spatial tree canopy cover data must consider data quality and specific information needs when selecting an appropriate data source. Given the increased availability of low density lidar datasets and the recent release of the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2011 Tree Canopy Cover (TCC) product, land managers are faced with additional candidate data sources for obtaining spatially explicit estimates of tree canopy cover. To inform the use of various remote sensing methods and data products available to land managers, the Remote Sensing Steering Committee sponsored a project comparing canopy cover estimates derived from three different remote sensing technologies: lidar, moderate-resolution satellite imagery, and high-resolution aerial imagery. Canopy cover estimates were compared and evaluated in order to clarify their appropriate use at different spatial and temporal scales. The TCC data and tree canopy cover data derived from lidar were compared and evaluated in terms of their agreement with sample-based estimates obtained from photo-interpretation of high-resolution ortho-imagery. Canopy cover estimates from a southern pine forest were compared at plot and landscape scales. At both scales, mean canopy cover derived from lidar was not significantly different from the photo-interpreted sample estimates, while TCC values were higher. Canopy cover values from lidar agreed more strongly with the photo-interpreted canopy cover estimates (RMSE = 11.01 percent) than did TCC data (RMSE = 18.13 percent). Temporal and seasonal agreement and scale of measurement should be considered in the interpretation of these results. Recommendations and considerations for choosing appropriate canopy cover data products for a variety of management needs are presented and discussed. A supplemental evaluation of the effects of lidar point density on first order canopy structure metrics was conducted and is reported in the appendix of this report. Experimentally thinning a high-density lidar data set and comparing the derived forest structure metrics at the scale of 30 meters showed that point densities as low as 1.5 points per square meter yielded first order canopy structure estimates similar to those obtained from the high point density reference.
Book Synopsis Forest Structure Estimates from NAIP Point Cloud Data by :
Download or read book Forest Structure Estimates from NAIP Point Cloud Data written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service uses mid-level vegetation maps for forest plan revisions and other forest planning tasks. The maps are composed of image segments that are attributed using data-mining tools to include dominant cover-type, canopy cover class, and tree size class. Although these map layers provide useful structure information, they lack canopy height information. In addition, the canopy cover and tree size layers are modeled from field collected or image interpreted training data, which can be resource intensive. One method for obtaining forest structure information is by using lidar data. However, lidar acquisitions can be cost prohibitive for forest-wide mapping and monitoring efforts. Stereo aerial imagery, which is less expensive and acquired more frequently than lidar, is another method for obtaining forest structure information. In 2015, multiple federal and state agencies purchased a 3D point cloud for the entire state of Wyoming as part of the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) contract. The goal of this study was to evaluate the suitability of using the NAIP point cloud to update and improve FS mid-level vegetation maps. To accomplish this, we created canopy cover and height products from the NAIP and used an independent lidar point cloud as a reference dataset for a portion of the Bridger-Teton National Forest. Mean values from each product were summarized and compared at the vegetation map segment level. Root mean square error (RMSE) values ranged from 4.28 to 18.43 percent for canopy cover and 2.09 to 8.72 m for canopy height. In addition, allometric equations for tree size were derived by using a combination of canopy height and the existing cover-type information. A workflow was developed for updating the existing mid-level vegetation maps with the canopy cover, height, and tree size information. The NAIP point cloud products were found to provide similar information as the lidar products under certain conditions, but contained many more errors and lacked the detail of the lidar data. In addition, the NAIP point cloud relied heavily on the lidar digital terrain model (DTM) to produce the canopy cover and height products. Future studies could explore methods for improving the NAIP point clouds and derived products.
Book Synopsis Phenological Research by : Irene L. Hudson
Download or read book Phenological Research written by Irene L. Hudson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-24 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As climate change continues to dominate the international environmental agenda, phenology – the study of the timing of recurring biological events – has received increasing research attention, leading to an emerging consensus that phenology can be viewed as an ‘early warning system’ for climate change impact. A multidisciplinary science involving many branches of ecology, geography and remote sensing, phenology to date has lacked a coherent methodological text. This new synthesis, including contributions from many of the world’s leading phenologists, therefore fills a critical gap in the current biological literature. Providing critiques of current methods, as well as detailing novel and emerging methodologies, the book, with its extensive suite of references, provides readers with an understanding of both the theoretical basis and the potential applications required to adopt and adapt new analytical and design methods. An invaluable source book for researchers and students in ecology and climate change science, the book also provides a useful reference for practitioners in a range of sectors, including human health, fisheries, forestry, agriculture and natural resource management.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing Handbook - Three Volume Set by : Prasad Thenkabail
Download or read book Remote Sensing Handbook - Three Volume Set written by Prasad Thenkabail and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 2304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A volume in the three-volume Remote Sensing Handbook series, Remote Sensing of Water Resources, Disasters, and Urban Studies documents the scientific and methodological advances that have taken place during the last 50 years. The other two volumes in the series are Remotely Sensed Data Characterization, Classification, and Accuracies, and Land Reso
Book Synopsis Forestry Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) 2019 by : Alessandro Matese
Download or read book Forestry Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) 2019 written by Alessandro Matese and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are new platforms that have been increasingly used in the last few years for forestry applications that benefit from the added value of flexibility, low cost, reliability, autonomy, and capability of timely provision of high-resolution data. The main adopted image-based technologies are RGB, multispectral, and thermal infrared. LiDAR sensors are becoming commonly used to improve the estimation of relevant plant traits. In comparison with other permanent ecosystems, forests are particularly affected by climatic changes due to the longevity of the trees, and the primary objective is the conservation and protection of forests. Nevertheless, forestry and agriculture involve the cultivation of renewable raw materials, with the difference that forestry is less tied to economic aspects and this is reflected by the delay in using new monitoring technologies. The main forestry applications are aimed toward inventory of resources, map diseases, species classification, fire monitoring, and spatial gap estimation. This Special Issue focuses on new technologies (UAV and sensors) and innovative data elaboration methodologies (object recognition and machine vision) for applications in forestry.
Book Synopsis Urban Ecosystem Services by : Alessio Russo
Download or read book Urban Ecosystem Services written by Alessio Russo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-05-07 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The school of thought surrounding the urban ecosystem has increasingly become in vogue among researchers worldwide. Since half of the world’s population lives in cities, urban ecosystem services have become essential to human health and wellbeing. Rapid urban growth has forced sustainable urban developers to rethink important steps by updating and, to some degree, recreating the human–ecosystem service linkage. Assessing, as well as estimating the losses of ecosystem services can denote the essential effects of urbanization and increasingly indicate where cities fall short. This book contains 13 thoroughly refereed contributions published within the Special Issue “Urban Ecosystem Services”. The book addresses topics such as nature-based solutions, green space planning, green infrastructure, rain gardens, climate change, and more. The contributions highlight new findings for landscape architects, urban planners, and policymakers. Important future cities research is considered by looking at the system connectivity between the social and ecological sphere—via varying forms of urban planning, management, and governance. The book is supported by methods and models that utilize an urban sustainability and ecosystem service-centric focus by adding knowledge-base and real-world solutions into the urbanization phenomenon.
Book Synopsis Modeling Percent Shrub Canopy Cover and Bare Ground by :
Download or read book Modeling Percent Shrub Canopy Cover and Bare Ground written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of geospatial data reflecting current amounts of tree, shrub, herbaceous, bare-ground and water cover is key to improving the USDA Forest Service's capacity to manage land. We assessed the use of image-sampled tree, shrub, herbaceous, bare ground and water estimates from National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) data for constructing empirical models to estimate and map vegetation composition at unmeasured locations. While particular focus was on percent shrub cover and bare ground, predictive models were constructed for all five cover types in order to look at the potential benefit of a more integrated approach for modeling these different cover types. Two different modeling methods were explored: 1) a univariate approach based on random forests, and 2) a multivariate approach based on bootstrap nearest neighbors. Under both modeling approaches the rank order of model accuracy, according to pseudo-R2, was water, tree, herbaceous, other cover, shrub, and bare ground. Generally, the pseudo-R2 values for the two approaches were similar for each cover type. Unfortunately the shrub and bare ground cover types proved to be the most difficult to model (R2 was 0.37 for shrub and 0.27 for bare ground). Alone, these modeling results for shrub and bare ground may not be adequate for spatially explicit management purposes, but when created in conjunction with other cover types (which have higher R2 values) they may have more merit. This is particularly true for analysis applications that evaluate multiple land cover types concurrently and require area estimates and maps that are analytically consistent and logically sum to realistic totals.
Book Synopsis Estimating Forest Canopy Attributes Via Airborne, High-resolution, Multispectral Imagery in Midwest Forest Types by : Demetrios Gatziolis
Download or read book Estimating Forest Canopy Attributes Via Airborne, High-resolution, Multispectral Imagery in Midwest Forest Types written by Demetrios Gatziolis and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Small area estimation in forest inventories: New needs, methods, and tools by : Barry Wilson
Download or read book Small area estimation in forest inventories: New needs, methods, and tools written by Barry Wilson and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-17 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Remote Sensing by : Shunlin Liang
Download or read book Comprehensive Remote Sensing written by Shunlin Liang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 3183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Remote Sensing, Nine Volume Set covers all aspects of the topic, with each volume edited by well-known scientists and contributed to by frontier researchers. It is a comprehensive resource that will benefit both students and researchers who want to further their understanding in this discipline. The field of remote sensing has quadrupled in size in the past two decades, and increasingly draws in individuals working in a diverse set of disciplines ranging from geographers, oceanographers, and meteorologists, to physicists and computer scientists. Researchers from a variety of backgrounds are now accessing remote sensing data, creating an urgent need for a one-stop reference work that can comprehensively document the development of remote sensing, from the basic principles, modeling and practical algorithms, to various applications. Fully comprehensive coverage of this rapidly growing discipline, giving readers a detailed overview of all aspects of Remote Sensing principles and applications Contains ‘Layered content’, with each article beginning with the basics and then moving on to more complex concepts Ideal for advanced undergraduates and academic researchers Includes case studies that illustrate the practical application of remote sensing principles, further enhancing understanding
Book Synopsis Historical Legacies of Land Use in Cities; Parks, Open Spaces and Potential for Green Infrastructure- Ideas of City Nature in an Urbanizing Planet by : Stephanie Pincetl
Download or read book Historical Legacies of Land Use in Cities; Parks, Open Spaces and Potential for Green Infrastructure- Ideas of City Nature in an Urbanizing Planet written by Stephanie Pincetl and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-05 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Remotely Sensed Data Characterization, Classification, and Accuracies by : Ph.D., Prasad S. Thenkabail
Download or read book Remotely Sensed Data Characterization, Classification, and Accuracies written by Ph.D., Prasad S. Thenkabail and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-10-02 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A volume in the Remote Sensing Handbook series, Remotely Sensed Data Characterization, Classification, and Accuracies documents the scientific and methodological advances that have taken place during the last 50 years. The other two volumes in the series are Land Resources Monitoring, Modeling, and Mapping with Remote Sensing, and Remote Sensing of
Book Synopsis The Baltimore School of Urban Ecology by : J. Morgan Grove
Download or read book The Baltimore School of Urban Ecology written by J. Morgan Grove and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2015-10-28 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first “urban century” in history has arrived: a majority of the world’s population now resides in cities and their surrounding suburbs. Urban expansion marches on, and the planning and design of future cities requires attention to such diverse issues as human migration, public health, economic restructuring, water supply, climate and sea-level change, and much more. This important book draws on two decades of pioneering social and ecological studies in Baltimore to propose a new way to think about cities and their social, political, and ecological complexity that will apply in many different parts of the world. Readers will gain fresh perspectives on how to study, build, and manage cities in innovative and sustainable ways.
Book Synopsis 2016GUIDELINES FOR INVESTIGATING GEOLOGIC HAZARDS AND PREPARING ENGINEERING-GEOLOGY REPORTS, WITH A SUGGESTED APPROACH TO GEOLOGIC-HAZARD ORDINANCES IN UTAH by : Steve D. Bowman
Download or read book 2016GUIDELINES FOR INVESTIGATING GEOLOGIC HAZARDS AND PREPARING ENGINEERING-GEOLOGY REPORTS, WITH A SUGGESTED APPROACH TO GEOLOGIC-HAZARD ORDINANCES IN UTAH written by Steve D. Bowman and published by Utah Geological Survey. This book was released on 2016-09-21 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of these guidelines for investigating geologic hazards and preparing engineering-geology reports, is to provide recommendations for appropriate, minimum investigative techniques, standards, and report content to ensure adequate geologic site characterization and geologic-hazard investigations to protect public safety and facilitate risk reduction. Such investigations provide important information on site geologic conditions that may affect or be affected by development, as well as the type and severity of geologic hazards at a site, and recommend solutions to mitigate the effects and the cost of the hazards, both at the time of construction and over the life of the development. The accompanying suggested approach to geologic-hazard ordinances and school-site investigation guidelines are intended as an aid for land-use planning and regulation by local Utah jurisdictions and school districts, respectively. Geologic hazards that are not accounted for in project planning and design often result in additional unforeseen construction and/or future maintenance costs, and possible injury or death.
