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Using Dynamic Traffic Assignment In The Development Of A Congestion Management System
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Book Synopsis Using Dynamic Traffic Assignment in the Development of a Congestion Management System by :
Download or read book Using Dynamic Traffic Assignment in the Development of a Congestion Management System written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) required all states to develop and implement a congestion management system (CMS). ISTEA defines a congestion management system as a process of data collection and analysis. This process includes monitoring existing transportation system performance and evaluating strategies with the potential to reduce traffic congestion and improve mobility. The CMS, once implemented, will serve as a decision-support tool and an integral part of the transportation planning process. However, new analytical tools are needed to model and evaluate the potential benefits of congestion management as part of the CMS program. Under ISTEA, states and other government agencies began to recognize the positive benefits of congestion management in the planning process. As these benefits continue to be realized, a more thorough understanding of congestion and the need for better approaches to mitigate congestion will be achieved.
Book Synopsis Using Dynamic Traffic Assignment in the Development of a Congestion Management System by : Aaron Gene Grilliot
Download or read book Using Dynamic Traffic Assignment in the Development of a Congestion Management System written by Aaron Gene Grilliot and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Traffic Congestion Management in Transportation Networks Through Dynamic Traffic Assignment by : Mehrzad Mehrabipour
Download or read book Traffic Congestion Management in Transportation Networks Through Dynamic Traffic Assignment written by Mehrzad Mehrabipour and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Feedback Control Theory for Dynamic Traffic Assignment by : Pushkin Kachroo
Download or read book Feedback Control Theory for Dynamic Traffic Assignment written by Pushkin Kachroo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-16 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book develops a methodology for designing feedback control laws for dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) exploiting the introduction of new sensing and information-dissemination technologies to facilitate the introduction of real-time traffic management in intelligent transportation systems. Three methods of modeling the traffic system are discussed: partial differential equations representing a distributed-parameter setting; continuous-time ordinary differential equations (ODEs) representing a continuous-time lumped-parameter setting; and discreet-time ODEs representing a discrete-time lumped-parameter setting. Feedback control formulations for reaching road-user-equilibrium are presented for each setting and advantages and disadvantage of using each are addressed. The closed-loop methods described are proposed expressly to avoid the counter-productive shifting of bottlenecks from one route to another because of driver over-reaction to routing information. The second edition of Feedback Control Theory for Dynamic Traffic Assignment has been thoroughly updated with completely new chapters: a review of the DTA problem and emphasizing real-time-feedback-based problems; an up-to-date presentation of pertinent traffic-flow theory; and a treatment of the mathematical solution to the traffic dynamics. Techinques accounting for the importance of entropy are further new inclusions at various points in the text. Researchers working in traffic control will find the theoretical material presented a sound basis for further research; the continual reference to applications will help professionals working in highway administration and engineering with the increasingly important task of maintaining and smoothing traffic flow; the extensive use of end-of-chapter exercises will help the graduate student and those new to the field to extend their knowledge.
Book Synopsis Improving the Efficiency of Dynamic Traffic Assignment Through Computational Methods Based on Combinatorial Algorithm by : Nezamuddin
Download or read book Improving the Efficiency of Dynamic Traffic Assignment Through Computational Methods Based on Combinatorial Algorithm written by Nezamuddin and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation planning and operation requires determining the state of the transportation system under different network supply and demand conditions. The most fundamental determinant of the state of a transportation system is time-varying traffic flow pattern on its roadway segments. It forms a basis for numerous engineering analyses which are used in operational- and planning-level decision-making process. Dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) models are the leading modeling tools employed to determine time-varying traffic flow pattern under changing network conditions. DTA models have matured over the past three decades, and are now being adopted by transportation planning agencies and traffic management centers. However, DTA models for large-scale regional networks require excessive computational resources. The problem becomes further compounded for other applications such as congestion pricing, capacity calibration, and network design for which DTA needs to be solved repeatedly as a sub-problem. This dissertation aims to improve the efficiency of the DTA models, and increase their viability for various planning and operational applications. To this end, a suite of computational methods based on the combinatorial approach for dynamic traffic assignment was developed in this dissertation. At first, a new polynomial run time combinatorial algorithm for DTA was developed. The combinatorial DTA (CDTA) model complements and aids simulation-based DTA models rather than replace them. This is because various policy measures and active traffic control strategies are best modeled using the simulation-based DTA models. Solution obtained from the CDTA model was provided as an initial feasible solution to a simulation-based DTA model to improve its efficiency -- this process is called "warm starting" the simulation-based DTA model. To further improve the efficiency of the simulation-based DTA model, the warm start process is made more efficient through parallel computing. Parallel computing was applied to the CDTA model and the traffic simulator used for warm starting. Finally, another warm start method based on the static traffic assignment model was tested on the simulation-based DTA model. The computational methods developed in this dissertation were tested on the Anaheim, CA and Winnipeg, Canada networks. Models warm-started using the CDTA solution performed better than the purely simulation-based DTA models in terms of equilibrium convergence metrics and run time. Warm start methods using solutions from the static traffic assignment models showed similar improvements. Parallel computing was applied to the CDTA model, and it resulted in faster execution time by employing multiple computer processors. Parallel version of the traffic simulator can also be embedded into the simulation-assignment framework of the simulation-based DTA models and improve their efficiency.
Book Synopsis A Dual Approximation Framework for Dynamic Network Analysis by : Dung-Ying Lin
Download or read book A Dual Approximation Framework for Dynamic Network Analysis written by Dung-Ying Lin and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) is gaining wider acceptance among agencies and practitioners because it serves as a more realistic representation of real-world traffic phenomena than static traffic assignment. Many metropolitan planning organizations and transportation departments are beginning to utilize DTA to predict traffic flows within their networks when conducting traffic analysis or evaluating management measures. To analyze DTA-based optimization applications, it is critical to obtain the dual (or gradient) information as dual information can typically be employed as a search direction in algorithmic design. However, very limited number of approaches can be used to estimate network-wide dual information while maintaining the potential to scale. This dissertation investigates the theoretical/practical aspects of DTA-based dual approximation techniques and explores DTA applications in the context of various transportation models, such as transportation network design, off-line DTA capacity calibration and dynamic congestion pricing. Each of the later entities is formulated as bi-level programs. Transportation Network Design Problem (NDP) aims to determine the optimal network expansion policy under a given budget constraint. NDP is bi-level by nature and can be considered a static case of a Stackelberg game, in which transportation planners (leaders) attempt to optimize the overall transportation system while road users (followers) attempt to achieve their own maximal benefit. The first part of this dissertation attempts to study NDP by combining a decomposition-based algorithmic structure with dual variable approximation techniques derived from linear programming theory. One of the critical elements in considering any real-time traffic management strategy requires assessing network traffic dynamics. Traffic is inherently dynamic, since it features congestion patterns that evolve over time and queues that form and dissipate over a planning horizon. It is therefore imperative to calibrate the DTA model such that it can accurately reproduce field observations and avoid erroneous flow predictions when evaluating traffic management strategies. Satisfactory calibration of the DTA model is an onerous task due to the large number of variables that can be modified and the intensive computational resources required. In this dissertation, the off-line DTA capacity calibration problem is studied in an attempt to devise a systematic approach for effective model calibration. Congestion pricing has increasingly been seen as a powerful tool for both managing congestion and generating revenue for infrastructure maintenance and sustainable development. By carefully levying tolls on roadways, a more efficient and optimal network flow pattern can be generated. Furthermore, congestion pricing acts as an effective travel demand management strategy that reduces peak period vehicle trips by encouraging people to shift to more efficient modes such as transit. Recently, with the increase in the number of highway Build-Operate-Transfer (B-O-T) projects, tolling has been interpreted as an effective way to generate revenue to offset the construction and maintenance costs of infrastructure. To maximize the benefits of congestion pricing, a careful analysis based on dynamic traffic conditions has to be conducted before determining tolls, since sub-optimal tolls can significantly worsen the system performance. Combining a network-wide time-varying toll analysis together with an efficient solution-building approach will be one of the main contributions of this dissertation. The problems mentioned above are typically framed as bi-level programs, which pose considerable challenges in theory and as well as in application. Due to the non-convex solution space and inherent NP-complete complexity, a majority of recent research efforts have focused on tackling bi-level programs using meta-heuristics. These approaches allow for the efficient exploration of complex solution spaces and the identification of potential global optima. Accordingly, this dissertation also attempts to present and compare several meta-heuristics through extensive numerical.
Book Synopsis Development of Dynamic Control Strategies for Managing Freeway Incident Traffic by : Omar Bou Rizk Sawaya
Download or read book Development of Dynamic Control Strategies for Managing Freeway Incident Traffic written by Omar Bou Rizk Sawaya and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Urban Traffic Networks by : Nathan H. Gartner
Download or read book Urban Traffic Networks written by Nathan H. Gartner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problems of urban traffic in the industrially developed countries have been at the top of the priority list for a long time. While making a critical contribution to the economic well being of those countries, transportation systems in general and highway traffic in particular, also have detrimental effects which are evident in excessive congestion, high rates of accidents and severe pollution problems. Scientists from different disciplines have played an important role in the development and refinement of the tools needed for the planning, analysis, and control of urban traffic networks. In the past several years, there were particularly rapid advances in two areas that affect urban traffic: 1. Modeling of traffic flows in urban networks and the prediction of the resulting equilibrium conditions; 2. Technology for communication with the driver and the ability to guide him, by providing him with useful, relevant and updated information, to his desired destination.
Download or read book Traffic Theory written by Denos C. Gazis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-06-30 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic Theory describes and illustrates the key models of traffic flow and associated traffic phenomena such as conflicts in traffic, traffic generation and assignment, and traffic control. The use of these various models are explored both in terms of how they have improved traffic systems over the years and how better implementation of these models can accelerate the successful deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Furthermore, the book outlines opportunities for development of additional models needed for continued improvement of ITS. The book is intended as a textbook for a college Transportation Science curriculum, and as a reference book for researchers in Transportation Science. Dr. Gazis has concentrated in the book's presentation on the fundamental concepts and methods in the various areas of traffic theory.
Book Synopsis Developing the Analysis Methodology and Platform for Behaviorally Induced System Optimal Traffic Management by : Xianbiao Hu
Download or read book Developing the Analysis Methodology and Platform for Behaviorally Induced System Optimal Traffic Management written by Xianbiao Hu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic congestion has been imposing a tremendous burden on society as a whole. For decades, the most widely applied solution has been building more roads to better accommodate traffic demand, which turns out to be of limited effect. Active Traffic and Demand Management (ATDM) is getting more attention recently and is considered here, as it leverages market-ready technologies and innovative operational approaches to manage traffic congestion within the existing infrastructure. The key to a successful Active Traffic and Demand Management strategy is to effectively induce travelers' behavior to change. In spite of the increased attention and application throughout the U.S. or even the world, most ATDM strategies were implemented on-site through small-scale pilot studies. A systematic framework for analysis and evaluation of such a system in order to effectively track the changes in travelers' behavior and the benefit brought about by such changes has not been established; nor has the effect of its strategies been quantitatively evaluated. In order to effectively evaluate the system benefit and to analyze the behavior changes quantitatively, a systematic framework capable of supporting both macroscopic and microscopic analysis should be established. Such system should be carefully calibrated to reflect the traffic condition in reality, as only after the calibration can the baseline model be used as the foundation for other scenarios in which alternative design or management strategies are incorporated, so that the behavior changes and system benefit can be computed accurately by comparing the alternative scenarios with the baseline scenario. Any effective traffic management strategy would be impossible if the traveler route choice behavior in the urban traffic network has not been fully understood. Theoretical research assumes all users are homogeneous in their route choice decision and will always pick the route with the shortest travel cost, which is not necessarily the case in reality. Researchers in Minnesota found that only 34% of drivers strictly traveled on the shortest path. Drivers' decision is made usually based on several dimensions, and a full understanding of the travel route choice behavior in the urban traffic network is essential. The existence of most current Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) offer the capability to provide pre-trip and/or en route real time information, allowing travelers to quickly assess and react to unfolding traffic conditions. The basic design concept is to present generic information to drivers, leaving drivers to react to the information their own way. This "passive" way of managing traffic by providing generic traffic information has difficulty in predicting outcome and may even incur adverse effect, such as overreaction (aka herding effects). Furthermore, other questions remain on how to utilize the real-time information better and guide the traffic flow more effectively towards a better solution, and most current research fails to take the traveler's external cost into consideration. Motivated by those concerns, in this research, a behaviorally induced system optimal model is presented, aimed at further improving the system-level traffic condition towards System Optimal through incremental routing, as well as establishing the analysis methodology and evaluation framework to calibrate quantitatively the behavior change and the system benefits. In this process, the traffic models involved are carefully calibrated, first using a two-stage calibration model which is capable of matching not only the traffic counts, but also the time dependent speed profiles of the calibrated links. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first with a methodology to incorporate the use of field observed data to estimate the Origin-Destination (OD) matrices departure profile. Also proposed in this dissertation is a Constrained K Shortest Paths algorithm (CKSP) that addresses route overlap and travel time deviation issues. This proposed algorithm can generate K Shortest Paths between two given nodes and provide sound route options to the drivers in order to assist their route choice decision process. Thirdly, a behaviorally induced system optimal model includes the development of a marginal cost calculation algorithm, a time-dependent shortest path search algorithm, and schedule delay as well as optimal path finding models, is present to improve the traffic flow from an initial traffic condition which could be User Equilibrium (UE) or any other non-UE or non-System-Optimal (SO) condition towards System Optimal. Case studies are conducted for each individual research and show a rather promising result. The goal of establishing this framework is to better capture and evaluate the effects of behaviorally induced system optimal traffic management strategies on the overall system performance. To realize this goal, the three research models are integrated in order to constitute a comprehensive platform that is not only capable of effectively guiding the traffic flow improvement towards System Optimal, but also capable of accurately evaluating the system benefit from the macroscopic perspective and quantitatively analyzing the behavior changes microscopically. The comprehensive case study on the traffic network in Tucson, Arizona, has been conducted using DynusT (Dynamic Urban Simulation for Transportation) Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) simulation software; the outcome of this study shows that our proposed modeling framework is promising for improving network traffic condition towards System Optimal, resulting in a vast amount of economic saving.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Assignment, Surveillance and Control for Traffic Network with Uncertainties by : Renxin Zhong
Download or read book Dynamic Assignment, Surveillance and Control for Traffic Network with Uncertainties written by Renxin Zhong and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the surveillance part, this thesis concentrates on the development of a macroscopic traffic flow model to capture traffic dynamics on networks influenced by demand and supply uncertainties that are suitable for real-time traffic monitoring and control applications. To fulfill these objectives, a stochastic macroscopic dynamic traffic model, the stochastic cell transmission model (SCTM), which is based on the modified cell transmission model (MCTM) and the switching mode model (SMM), is proposed. The SCTM inherits the advantages of the MCTM and the SMM. However, there are several key differences between them, e.g. the MCTM and the SMM admit deterministic demand and stationary flow-density fundamental diagram while the SCTM accepts the random inflows (uncertain demand) as well as random parameters of the fundamental flow-density diagram (uncertain supply functions) with known means and variances of the freeway segment as exogenous inputs. Under the SCTM framework, the uncertain wavefronts are captured by probabilities of occurrence of operational modes which describe different congestion levels. The SCTM is calibrated and validated by several empirical studies. We also compare the performance of the SCTM with Monte Carlo Simulation of the MCTM (MCS-MCTM). The results confirm that the SCTM outperforms the MCS-MCTM. We apply the SCTM to estimate the queues and delays at signalized intersections and compare the results with some well-known delay and queue estimation formulas, e.g., Webster, Beckmann, McNeil, and Akcelik. The comparison results show a good consistency between the SCTM and these formulas. In addition, the SCTM describes the temporal behavior of the queue and delay distributions at signalized junctions with stochastic supply functions and (non-stationary) arrivals. In the traffic management part, optimal and robust decision making problems for managing uncertain network traffic are investigated. The proposed SCTM is applied to describe traffic dynamics on networks influenced by demand and supply uncertainties. The traffic management problems are formulated as stochastic dynamic programming problems. A closed form of optimal control law is derived in terms of a set of coupled generalized recursive Riccati equations. The robust decision making problem, which aims to act robustly with respect to the supply uncertainty and to attenuate the effect of demand uncertainty, can be recognized as an equivalent optimal decision making problem. Another implication of the proposed methodology is to make benefit from the inherent uncertainties, which is achieved by extending the conventional LQ optimal control theory to consider the indefinite terms of the state and input weighting matrices. The multiagent system (MAS) approach to access the traffic management for a general traffic network is discussed. The applications of the proposed methods to incident management are also highlighted. In conclusion, this thesis contributes to the literature on dynamic traffic assignment, stochastic dynamic traffic modeling and management, and to support further analysis and development in this area.
Book Synopsis Developing Effective Congestion Management Systems by :
Download or read book Developing Effective Congestion Management Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes traffic congestion management case studies for Albany, N.Y., Washington, D.C., Dallas-Fort Worth, Tex. and Seattle, Wash.
Book Synopsis Development of Decision Support Systems for Real-time Freeway Traffic Routing by :
Download or read book Development of Decision Support Systems for Real-time Freeway Traffic Routing written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real-time traffic flow routing is a promising approach to alleviating congestion. Existing approaches to developing real-time routing strategies, however, have limitations. This study explored the potential for using case-based reasoning (CBR), an emerging artificial intelligence paradigm, to overcome such limitations. CBR solves new problems by reusing solutions of similar past problems. To illustrate the feasibility of the approach, the research team developed and evaluated a prototype CBR routing system for the interstate network in Hampton Roads, Virginia. They generated cases for building the system's case-base using a heuristic dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model designed for the region. Using a second set of cases, the research team evaluated the performance of the prototype system by comparing its solutions with those of the DTA model. The research team found that CBR has the potential to overcome many of the limitations to existing approaches to real-time routing and a CBR routing system is capable of producing high-quality solutions with reasonable a case-base size. In addition, the research team found that real-time traffic flow routing will likely lead to significant user cost savings.
Book Synopsis Online Calibration for Simulation-based Dynamic Traffic Assignment by : Haizheng Zhang (Ph. D.)
Download or read book Online Calibration for Simulation-based Dynamic Traffic Assignment written by Haizheng Zhang (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The severity of traffic congestion is increasing each year in the US, resulting in higher travel times, and increased energy consumption and emissions. They have led to an increasing emphasis on the development of tools for trac management, which intends to alleviate congestion by more eciently utilizing the existing infrastructure. Eective trac management necessitates the generation of accurate short-term predictions of trac states and in this context, simulation-based Dynamic Trac Assignment (DTA) systems have gained prominence over the years. However, a key challenge that remains to be addressed with real-time DTA systems is their scalability and accuracy for applications to large-scale urban networks. A key component of real-time DTA systems that impacts scalability and accuracy is online calibration which attempts to adjust simulation parameters in real-time to match as closely as possible simulated measurements with real-time surveillance data. This thesis contributes to the existing literature on online calibration of DTA systems in three respects: (1) modeling explicitly the stochasticity in simulators and thereby improving accuracy; (2) augmenting the State Space Model (SSM) to capture the delayed measurements on large-scale and congested networks; (3) presenting a gradient estimation procedure called partitioned simultaneous perturbation (PSP) that utilizes an assumed sparse gradient structure to facilitate real-time performance. The results demonstrate that, first, the proposed approach to address stochasticity improves the accuracy of supply calibration on a synthetic network. Second, the augmented SSM improves both estimation and prediction accuracy on a congested synthetic network and the large-scale Singapore expressway network. Finally, compared with the traditional finite difference method, the PSP reduces the number of computations by 90% and achieves the same calibration accuracy on the Singapore expressway network. The proposed methodologies have important applications in the deployment of real-time DTA systems for large scale urban networks.
Book Synopsis FHWA Nationally Coordinated Program of Highway Research, Development, and Technology. Annual Progress Report. Fiscal Year 1993 by :
Download or read book FHWA Nationally Coordinated Program of Highway Research, Development, and Technology. Annual Progress Report. Fiscal Year 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Feedback Control Theory for Dynamic Traffic Assignment by : Pushkin Kachroo
Download or read book Feedback Control Theory for Dynamic Traffic Assignment written by Pushkin Kachroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Advances in Industrial Control aims to report and encourage technology transfer in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology impacts all areas of the control discipline. New theory, new controllers, actuators, sensors, new industrial processes, computer methods, new applications, new philosophies, .... , new challenges. Much of this development work resides in industrial reports, feasibility study papers and the reports of advanced collaborative projects. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of such new work in all aspects of industrial control for wider and rapid dissemination. Micro-technology and modern communications technology are revolutionising many aspects of our daily lives and so it is not surprising that it is impacting societal transportation systems whether our highways, airways, seaways or railways. The Advances in Industrial Control series reported on these developments for long haul railway systems in a monograph by Howlett and Pudney (ISBN 3-S40-19990-X, 1995). Now it is the turn of transportation in a contribution from Pushkin Kachroo and Kaan Ozbay. The authors viewpoint is that this new set of transportation problems are control problems and that control engineers should be highly active in this field. Their volume covers all the aspects of modelling, problem formulation, and applies various control methodologies to solve the control problems formulated.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Congestion Games and Dynamic Traffic Assignment by : Taeil Kim
Download or read book Dynamic Congestion Games and Dynamic Traffic Assignment written by Taeil Kim and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
