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Author : Donato Titolo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (817 download)
Download or read book Using an Active Optical Sensor to Improve Nitrogen Management in Corn Production written by Donato Titolo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Andrew Neil Tucker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (656 download)
Download or read book Nitrogen Management of Corn with Sensor Technology written by Andrew Neil Tucker and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corn (Zea mays) is an important cereal crop in Kansas primarily used as livestock feed for cattle in the feedlots, and there has been increased use of corn for ethanol production as well. According to the USDA National Agriculture Statistics approximately 1.7 million hectares of corn is planted each year in Kansas, with an average yield ranging from 5,750-7,750 kg ha[superscript]-1 within the last five years (2005-2009). With this variability in yield and volatility of crop and fertilizer prices over that same period, it seems logical that optimum nitrogen or N rates may vary. A series of 14 field experiments were conducted across Kansas from 2006 through 2009 to address this issue. Specific experiments included: evaluating optimum N rates from side-dressing nitrogen fertilizer; timing of nitrogen application, pre-plant vs. split applications and normal side-dress V-6-V-9 vs. late side-dress V-14-V-16; N response of corn to a late side-dress of nitrogen fertilizer; and the evaluation of optical sensors for making in season N recommendations. The specific objectives of this research were to: a. Determine the optimum N application rate and timing to optimize corn grain yields in different corn producing regions in Kansas. b. Confirm or revise the current K-State soil test based N recommendation system for corn. c. Evaluate N management strategies using the GreenSeeker, Crop Circle, and SPAD meter, crop sensors. d. Develop draft GreenSeeker, Crop Circle, and SPAD sensor algorithms for producers to use. Grain corn yields were responsive to N at all but 3 sites. Grain yields obtained at the sites ranged from 3,460 to 15,480 kg ha[superscript]-1. Optimum N rates varied from 0 to 246 kg N ha[superscript]-1. This work suggests that current K-State N fertilizer recommendations for corn need revisions due to over recommendation of N. Including different coefficients for irrigated and dry land corn along with N recovery terms would create a more accurate N recommendation system that more closely reflects the results obtained in these experiments, and provide a significant improvement over the current system. The optical sensors used in this study were effective at making N recommendations for corn. These sensors can be a valuable tool for producers to use and determine in season N status of corn.
Author : Samantha L. Teten
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)
Download or read book Sensor-based Nitrogen Management on Non-irrigated Corn Based Systems in Nebraska written by Samantha L. Teten and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimizing nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications in corn to reduce environmental impacts while maintaining producer profitability remains a challenge due to spatial and temporal variability in crop yield potential and soil N dynamics. In response to these challenges, active crop canopy sensors and imagery systems have been studied to test the performance of vegetative index-based N management, but adoption has been low. There is also a lack of field-scale research evaluating this technology in water-limiting environments. The evaluation of two sensor-based N management techniques was completed at nine non-irrigated sites in Eastern Nebraska. The first sensor-based N management technique evaluated an active crop canopy sensor and Holland-Schepers model to direct real-time, in-season N applications on corn. Compared to growers' management, active sensor management improved N use efficiency (NUE) by 16.8±8.4 kg grain kg N-1 and reduced N fertilizer inputs by 38.7±20.8 kg N ha-1 . All sites resulted in less N applied than the growers' management. Two of the nine sites resulted in significant yield losses compared to the sensor-based management with an average yield loss across all sites of 0.49±0.69 Mg grain ha-1 . Average partial profitability was $2.40±15.48 US$ ha-1 less than the growers' practices. Early season base N rates and timing influenced the NUE of active sensor N management approach. The second sensor-based management technique utilized aerial imagery and the Holland-Schepers model to develop variable-rate N prescriptions for in-season applications. The approach incorporated sub-field yield potential by varying the estimated optimum N rate used in the algorithm based on management zones (MZ). The aerial imagery-based management improved NUE compared to the growers' current management by 23.6±15.3 kg grain kg N-1 and did not result in differences in partial profit. The integration of MZs influenced the total N applied and demonstrated the potential to improve imagery-based recommendations using spatial field data. Overall, compared to grower management, active sensors improved NUE in nonirrigated sites where rainfall is a yield limiting factor. Aerial imagery-based prescriptions also improved NUE compared to grower management and provided an opportunity to further refine sensor-based management to account for sub-field variability by incorporating yield potential and soil attributes.
Author : John Keith Syers
Publisher : Fao Fertilizer and Plant Nutri
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Efficiency of Soil and Fertilizer Phosphorus Use written by John Keith Syers and published by Fao Fertilizer and Plant Nutri. This book was released on 2008 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The efficient use of phosphorus (P) is essential to many agricultural and environmental issues. This bulletin reviews, analyses and synthesizes information on the efficient use of soil and fertilizer P. It presents information on the plant availability of soil and fertilizer P, with an emphasis on soil plant interactions. The focus is on the changing concepts of the behaviour of both soil and fertilizer P and on the need to define and assess their recovery and, thus, P-use efficiency more appropriately.
Author : Moh Yasin
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535112333
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)
Download or read book Optical Sensors written by Moh Yasin and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-03-19 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of works presenting recent developments and practical applications in optical sensor technology. It contains 10 chapters that encompass contributions from various individuals and research groups working in the area of optical sensing. It provides the reader with a broad overview and sampling of the innovative research on optical sensors in the world.
Author : Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642276385
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)
Download or read book Smart Sensing Technology for Agriculture and Environmental Monitoring written by Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-06 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on the different aspects of sensing technology, i.e. high reliability, adaptability, recalibration, information processing, data fusion, validation and integration of novel and high performance sensors specifically aims to monitor agricultural and environmental parameters. This book is dedicated to Sensing systems for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring offers to variety of users, namely, Master and PhD degree students, researchers, practitioners, especially Agriculture and Environmental engineers. The book will provide an opportunity of a dedicated and a deep approach in order to improve their knowledge in this specific field.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Darrin F. Roberts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781109800722
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)
Download or read book An Environmental Assessment of Sensor-based Variable-rate Nitrogen Management in Corn written by Darrin F. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen (N) fertilizer use in agricultural production systems has increased dramatically over the past 50 years. N fertilizer unused by the crop is left to the fate of the processes of the N cycle, and can eventually lead to detrimental effects to the environment. As a result, an issue of increasing concern in the U.S. Midwest is nitrate contamination of surface and ground waters. A likely contributing factor to contamination is that crop N need varies spatially across whole fields. In order to address this problem, various methods have been used to try to account for spatial variability of N within agricultural fields. One approach to account for this variability and thereby reduce nitrate pollution is in-season site-specific N application according to economic optimal N rate (EONR). Active-light reflectance sensors have been successfully used for site-specific N applications in wheat. Recently, these sensors have been tested for mid-season, on-the-go N fertilizer application in corn. This 2004 and 2005 study was conducted on 12 Missouri producer corn fields to (1) evaluate the relationship between EONR and active-light reflectance sensor readings, and (2) evaluate the relationship between environmental measurements and EONR. N treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design at rates of 0-235 kg N ha-1 at 34 kg N ha-1 increments. Measurements included EONR, crop N yield efficiency (YE), N fertilizer recovery efficiency (NFRE), and post-harvest soil inorganic N levels. A quadratic-plateau function was used to determine EONR for 68 different treatment sets obtained from the 12 fields. Crop response to N was significant (i.e. EONR was calculable) for nearly all treatment sets in 2004 because of very good growing conditions. Nearly the opposite was found in 2005 because of a droughty growing season. In 2004, EONR was significantly related to active-light sensor indices, but with regression model coefficients of determination (r 2) ≤ 0.35 for all sensor indices evaluated. However, including soil electrical conductivity (EC) in the regression model improved the r2 to 0.47. Sensor measurements were found to be significantly related to delta yield. However, delta yield was not a good predictor of EONR (r2 = 0.34). A relationship between EONR and the indices could not be established for 2005 data. In 2004, YE at EONR was not the same between fields, and ranged from 19-47 kg grain (kg N) -1. As N rate approached EONR, both YE and NFRE declined, while post-harvest inorganic N levels increased. These preliminary results show promise for using active-light reflectance sensors to achieve EONR and reduce N loss off fields.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (98 download)
Download or read book Active Optical Sensor Algorithms written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Arnab Majumdar
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832544398
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)
Download or read book ‘Save Soil’ by Managing Soil Nutrient Losses, Agronomic Practices and Crop-Microbial Interaction: World Soil Day 2022 written by Arnab Majumdar and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-02-07 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil is not only a fundamental source for all living organisms but also impacts non-living factors (water, air, minerals, etc.) making it an invaluable and finite resource. The importance of soil expands from agronomy through to industrialization, thus, it is crucial to understand the impact of human activity on soil quality. To address several global issues related to pollution, food security, and health, the United Nations promotes the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with targets to ‘save soil’ by minimizing nutrient loss and pollution load from the soil. Due to increasing anthropogenic pollution load, many soil pollution control measures are failing, therefore, new technologies and eco-friendly solutions are needed to balance and restore soil health. Soil-crop interactions are essential considering the crop yield and productivity under different soil statuses. These processes, including nutrient release or soi detoxification, are mediated by soil-inhabiting microbes. In fact, the intrinsic role of soil parameters, including the different classes of soil, control soil microbiota which in turn modulate soil nutrient contents and makes these bioavailable. Different crops, especially cereals, are constantly interacting with these soil microbes, thus the relationship between soil, crops, and microbes is complex.
Author : Bradley Wilbert Van De Woestyne
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (68 download)
Download or read book On-farm Evaluations of Nitrogen Management for Corn Production with Precision Farming Technologies written by Bradley Wilbert Van De Woestyne and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Guidelines, or recommendations, for nitrogen (N) management in the Corn Belt are important to corn producers because fertilizer N must be applied for profitable corn production, because profit margins are narrow, and because N fertilization has been linked to local and regional water quality problems. Producers rely on these recommendations because it has been impractical for individuals to identify optimal rates, times, and methods of N fertilization for corn. Precision farming technologies, however, enable organized networks of crop producers to evaluate management practices used on their farms and within regions. These technologies and on-farm trials were used to assess optimal rates of spring-applied and sidedressed N, assess the benefits of using a nitrification inhibitor, and assess the ability of injected liquid swine manure to supply N needed for corn growth. The results showed optimal rates of N were less than currently recommended rates, nitrification inhibitors did not increase profits for producers in central Iowa, and injected liquid swine manure at normal rates supplied adequate amounts of N for plant growth. The results suggest that current recommendations could be substantially improved. The results document that organized networks of producers working together can evaluate and improve nitrogen management and thereby increase their profits while reducing environmental problems associated with N fertilization.
Author : Luciano Shozo Shiratsuchi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781267054036
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (54 download)
Download or read book Integration of Plant-based Canopy Sensors for Site-specific Nitrogen Management written by Luciano Shozo Shiratsuchi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The soil's nitrogen (N) supply can vary drastically in the field, spatially as well as temporally making any soil prediction difficult even with very detailed mapping. Consequently, a plant-based approach wherein the measured canopy can indicate the N needs in a reactive and spatially-variable way can be a better approach than mapping, because integrate the soil N supply and translate the crop need on-the-go. The first experiment evaluated the performance of various spectral indices for sensing N status of corn, where spectral variability might be confounded by water-induced variations in crop reflectance. We found that water and previous crops effects on vegetation indices (VI) must be considered, and also that some VIs are less susceptible to water with good ability for N differentiation. In the second experiment, the objective was to develop an approach that relies on local soil conditions as well as on active canopy sensor measurements for real-time adjustment of N application rate. We found that local variations in plant N availability must be considered to determine the optimal N rate on-the-go, and that the localized reference incorporated the spatial variability of the N-rich plot. Next, we determined the correlation between active canopy sensors assessments of N availability and ultrasonic sensor measurements of canopy height at several growth stages for corn. We found strong correlations between both sensors and that they had similar abilities to distinguish N-mediated differences in canopy development. The integrated use of both sensors improved the N estimation compared to the isolated use of either sensor. Based on these strong correlations, we developed an N recommendation algorithm based on ultrasonic plant height measurements to be used for on-the-go variable rate N application. Lastly, we evaluated the crop water status using infrared thermometry integrated with optical and ultrasonic sensors, we concluded that the integration of sensors was beneficial to detect water-stressed zones in the field, affecting yield and possibly promising to delineate zones for N and water management.
Author : Salim Lamine
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323914640
Total Pages : 555 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)
Download or read book Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture written by Salim Lamine and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-10-20 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture: Transforming Scientific Advancement into Innovation compiles the latest applications of remote sensing in agriculture using spaceborne, airborne and drones’ geospatial data. The book presents case studies, new algorithms and the latest methods surrounding crop sown area estimation, determining crop health status, assessment of vegetation dynamics, crop diseases identification, crop yield estimation, soil properties, drone image analysis for crop damage assessment, and other issues in precision agriculture. This book is ideal for those seeking to explore and implement remote sensing in an effective and efficient manner with its compendium of scientifically and technologically sound information. Presents a well-integrated collection of chapters, with quality, consistency and continuity Provides the latest RS techniques in Precision Agriculture that are addressed by leading experts Includes detailed, yet geographically global case studies that can be easily understood, reproduced or implemented Covers geospatial data, with codes available through shared links
Author : James Stuart Schepers
Publisher : ASA-CSSA-SSSA
ISBN 13 : 9780891181644
Total Pages : 994 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (816 download)
Download or read book Nitrogen in Agricultural Systems written by James Stuart Schepers and published by ASA-CSSA-SSSA. This book was released on 2008 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Review of the principles and management implications related to nitrogen in the soil-plant-water system.
Author : Rajan Bhatt
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981165199X
Total Pages : 726 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)
Download or read book Input Use Efficiency for Food and Environmental Security written by Rajan Bhatt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ending hunger, achieving food security and promoting sustainable development are at the top of the list of United Nations (UN) sustainable global development priorities. In the times of high population growth and increasing pressure of agricultural systems, efficiency in use of natural resources has been at the epicenter of sustainable agricultural. The concept of ‘Input efficiency’ implies production of high quantity and quality of food, from using only finite natural resources as inputs, in the form of mainly land, water, nutrients, energy, or biological diversity. In this book, editors provide a roadmap to the food, nutritional, and environmental security in the agricultural systems. They share insight into the approaches that can be put in practice for increasing the input use efficiency in the cropping systems and achieve stability and sustainability of agricultural production systems. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, climate change scientists, capacity builders and policymakers. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, agroforestry, agroecology, and environmental sciences. National and international agricultural scientists, policymakers will also find this to be a useful read.
Author : Christos Tsadilas
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000466884
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)
Download or read book Nitrate Handbook written by Christos Tsadilas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-01-03 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrate Handbook: Environmental, Agricultural, and Health Effects provides an overview of the entire nitrate cycle and the processes influencing nitrate transformation. It clearly identifies the role of nitrate as an essential nutrient in plant growth, food preservation, and human health. Using the most up-to-date knowledge and research, this handbook illustrates how the steadily increasing human population and demand for food, which results in higher amounts of nitrate needed by soils, makes new regulations on the management and usage of nitrates a high priority. A detailed explanation concerning the discrepancies between the public’s perception of nitrate’s harm versus the reality of its human health benefits is given via a balanced and evidence-based approach. All questions pertaining to the influences of nitrate and its derivatives on plant physiology and human health are explored in depth. This comprehensive resource with contributions from distinguished researches in the field is a must-have for professionals and students who study and work with nitrates. Features: Includes in depth discussion on the wide spectrum of nitrate present in the environment. Focuses on the progress made on nitrate research and its importance. Answers all questions about nitrate and its derivatives’ influences on plant physiology and human health. Enables decision makers and public authorities to manage social concerns Compiles in one resource the findings of many distinguished researchers in the field.
Author : Timothy M. Shaver
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (51 download)
Download or read book Ground Based Active Remote Sensors for Precision Nitrogen Management in Irrigated Maize Production written by Timothy M. Shaver and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
