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Author : Ronald O'Rourke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (832 download)
Download or read book U.S.-China Strategic Competition in South and East China Seas written by Ronald O'Rourke and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ronald O'Rourke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (646 download)
Download or read book U. S. -China Strategic Competition in South and East China Seas written by Ronald O'Rourke and published by . This book was released on 2020-11-14 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updated 12/17/2020: In an international security environment described as one of renewedgreat power competition, the South China Sea (SCS) has emerged as an arena of U.S.-Chinastrategic competition. U.S.-China strategic competition in the SCS forms an element of the TrumpAdministration's more confrontational overall approach toward China, and of the Administration'sefforts for promoting its construct for the Indo-Pacific region, called the Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP). China's actions in the SCS in recent years--including extensive island-building and baseconstruction activities at sites that it occupies in the Spratly Islands, as well as actions by itsmaritime forces to assert China's claims against competing claims by regional neighbors such asthe Philippines and Vietnam--have heightened concerns among U.S. observers that China is gainingeffective control of the SCS, an area of strategic, political, and economic importance to the UnitedStates and its allies and partners. Actions by China's maritime forces at the Japan administeredSenkaku Islands in the East China Sea (ECS) are another concern for U.S. observers. Chinesedomination of China's near-seas region--meaning the SCS and ECS, along with the Yellow Sea--could substantially affect U.S. strategic, political, and economic interests in the Indo-Pacific regionand elsewhere. Potential general U.S. goals for U.S.-China strategic competition in the SCS and ECS includebut are not necessarily limited to the following: fulfilling U.S. security commitments in the WesternPacific, including treaty commitments to Japan and the Philippines; maintaining and enhancingthe U.S.-led security architecture in the Western Pacific, including U.S. security relationships withtreaty allies and partner states; maintaining a regional balance of power favorable to the UnitedStates and its allies and partners; defending the principle of peaceful resolution of disputes andresisting the emergence of an alternative "might-makes-right" approach to international affairs;defending the principle of freedom of the seas, also sometimes called freedom of navigation;preventing China from becoming a regional hegemon in East Asia; and pursing these goals as partof a larger U.S. strategy for competing strategically and managing relations with China. Potential specific U.S. goals for U.S.-China strategic competition in the SCS and ECS includebut are not necessarily limited to the following: dissuading China from carrying out additionalbaseconstruction activities in the SCS, moving additional military personnel, equipment, andsupplies to bases at sites that it occupies in the SCS, initiating island-building or base-constructionactivities at Scarborough Shoal in the SCS, declaring straight baselines around land featuresit claims in the SCS, or declaring an air defense identification zone (ADIZ) over the SCS; andencouraging China to reduce or end operations by its maritime forces at the Senkaku Islands in theECS, halt actions intended to put pressure against Philippine-occupied sites in the Spratly Islands,provide greater access by Philippine fisherman to waters surrounding Scarborough Shoal or in theSpratly Islands, adopt the U.S./Western definition regarding freedom of the seas, and accept andabide by the July 2016 tribunal award in the SCS arbitration case involving the Philippines andChina. The Trump Administration has taken various actions for competing strategically with Chinain the SCS and ECS. The issue for Congress is whether the Trump Administration's strategy forcompeting strategically with China in the SCS and ECS is appropriate and correctly resourced,and whether Congress should approve, reject, or modify the strategy, the level of resources forimplementing it, or both.
Author : Congressional Research Service
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781795734882
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (348 download)
Download or read book China's Actions in South and East China Seas written by Congressional Research Service and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-02-03 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary China's actions in recent years in the South China Sea (SCS)-particularly its island-building and base-construction activities at sites that it occupies in the Spratly Islands-have heightened concerns among U.S. observers that China is rapidly gaining effective control of the SCS, an area of strategic, political, and economic importance to the United States and its allies and partners, particularly those in the Indo-Pacific region. U.S. Navy Admiral Philip Davidson, in his responses to advance policy questions from the Senate Armed Services Committee for an April 17, 2018, hearing to consider his nomination to become Commander, U.S. Pacific Command (PACOM), stated that "China is now capable of controlling the South China Sea in all scenarios short of war with the United States." Chinese control of the SCS-and, more generally, Chinese domination of China's near-seas region, meaning the SCS, the East China Sea (ECS), and the Yellow Sea-could substantially affect U.S. strategic, political, and economic interests in the Indo-Pacific region and elsewhere. China is a party to multiple territorial disputes in the SCS and ECS, including, in particular, disputes with multiple neighboring countries over the Paracel Islands, Spratly Islands, and Scarborough Shoal in the SCS, and with Japan over the Senkaku Islands in the ECS. Up through 2014, U.S. concern over these disputes centered more on their potential for causing tension, incidents, and a risk of conflict between China and its neighbors in the region, including U.S. allies Japan and the Philippines and emerging partner states such as Vietnam. While that concern remains, particularly regarding the potential for a conflict between China and Japan involving the Senkaku Islands, U.S. concern since 2014 (i.e., since China's island-building activities in the Spratly Islands were first publicly reported) has shifted increasingly to how China's strengthening position in the SCS may be affecting the risk of a U.S.-China crisis or conflict in the SCS and the broader U.S.-Chinese strategic competition. In addition to territorial disputes in the SCS and ECS, China is involved in a dispute, particularly with the United States, over whether China has a right under international law to regulate the activities of foreign military forces operating within China's exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The position of the United States and most other countries is that while international law gives coastal states the right to regulate economic activities (such as fishing and oil exploration) within their EEZs, it does not give coastal states the right to regulate foreign military activities in the parts of their EEZs beyond their 12-nautical-mile territorial waters. The position of China and some other countries (i.e., a minority group among the world's nations) is that UNCLOS gives coastal states the right to regulate not only economic activities, but also foreign military activities, in their EEZs. The dispute appears to be at the heart of multiple incidents between Chinese and U.S. ships and aircraft in international waters and airspace since 2001, and has potential implications not only for China's EEZs, but for U.S. naval operations in EEZs globally, and for international law of the sea. A key issue for Congress is how the United States should respond to China's actions in the SCS and ECS-particularly its island-building and base-construction activities in the Spratly Islands-and to China's strengthening position in the SCS. A key oversight question for Congress is whether the Trump Administration has an appropriate strategy-and an appropriate amount of resources for implementing that strategy-for countering China's "salami-slicing" strategy or gray zone operations for gradually strengthening its position in the SCS, for imposing costs on China for its actions in the SCS and ECS, and for defending and promoting U.S. interests in the region.
Author : Huiyun Feng
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351214284
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)
Download or read book US-China Competition and the South China Sea Disputes written by Huiyun Feng and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-11 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, the South China Sea (SCS) issue was not on the negotiation table between the United States and China. However, the tensions between the United States and China over the SCS have gradually simmered up to a strategic level. Why and how did the SCS become a flashpoint between the United States and China? Will the United States and China really go to war over the SCS? Why did China adopt an "assertive" policy towards the South China Sea in the 2000s? What will regional actors do in the face of this "new normal" of competition between China and the United States? Will multilateral institutions in the Asia Pacific alleviate the potential conflicts over the SCS disputes? How will US-Chinese competition in the SCS shape the dynamics of Asian security? This edited book addresses these questions systematically and theoretically, with contributions from leading scholars in the field of US-China relations and Asian security from the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Singapore. It elevates the analysis of the SCS disputes from maritime and legal issues to the strategic level between the United States and China.
Author : Tarun Chhabra
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815739176
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)
Download or read book Global China written by Tarun Chhabra and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2021-06-22 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global implications of China's rise as a global actor In 2005, a senior official in the George W. Bush administration expressed the hope that China would emerge as a “responsible stakeholder” on the world stage. A dozen years later, the Trump administration dramatically shifted course, instead calling China a “strategic competitor” whose actions routinely threaten U.S. interests. Both assessments reflected an underlying truth: China is no longer just a “rising” power. It has emerged as a truly global actor, both economically and militarily. Every day its actions affect nearly every region and every major issue, from climate change to trade, from conflict in troubled lands to competition over rules that will govern the uses of emerging technologies. To better address the implications of China's new status, both for American policy and for the broader international order, Brookings scholars conducted research over the past two years, culminating in a project: Global China: Assessing China's Growing Role in the World. The project is intended to furnish policy makers and the public with hard facts and deep insights for understanding China's regional and global ambitions. The initiative draws not only on Brookings's deep bench of China and East Asia experts, but also on the tremendous breadth of the institution's security, strategy, regional studies, technological, and economic development experts. Areas of focus include the evolution of China's domestic institutions; great power relations; the emergence of critical technologies; Asian security; China's influence in key regions beyond Asia; and China's impact on global governance and norms. Global China: Assessing China's Growing Role in the World provides the most current, broad-scope, and fact-based assessment of the implications of China's rise for the United States and the rest of the world.
Author : J. Huang
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137463686
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (374 download)
Download or read book Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea written by J. Huang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-09 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heightened tensions in the South China Sea have raised serious concerns about the dangers of conflict in this region as a result of unresolved, complex territorial disputes. This volume offers detailed insights into a range of country-perspectives, addressing the historical, legal, structural, regional and multilateral dimensions of these disputes
Author : S. Mahmud Ali
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662466600
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)
Download or read book US-China Strategic Competition written by S. Mahmud Ali and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-14 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the nature and consequences of strategic competition between the US and China, which affects the global security landscape and the emerging security architecture across the broader Asia-Pacific region. The author illustrates the evolution of Sino-US security interactions from the anti-Soviet alliance, to temporary marginalization, to eventual strategic competition and examines cases that could potentially escalate into greater conflicts. The analysis offers tantalizing glimpses into both the dangers and promising opportunities presented by this strategic fork in the road, making it of great interest to researchers and scholars in the fields of international relations and security studies.
Author : Joshua Adam Hastey
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000875350
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)
Download or read book China, Faits Accomplis and the Contest for East Asia written by Joshua Adam Hastey and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-04-28 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores China’s use of faits accomplis in its periphery, and offers the first formal model for the use of faits accomplis by rising powers. With growing attention to great power competition and conflict in the gray zone between war and peace, this book explains China’s use of faits accomplis to revise the maritime status quo in the South and East China Seas. Using formal modelling and case study analysis, the book argues that while power shifts provide rising states with opportunities to impose faits accomplis to revise the status quo, the use of faits accomplis also increase the likelihood of war with the dominant state(s). The book surveys existing understandings of how power shifts incentivize interstate competition in general and in the case of Sino-American competition in particular, and brings existing theory and novel modelling to explain China’s differing strategies in the South and East China Seas in the first two decades of the 21st century. The book concludes by using the lessons from these cases to assess the strategic options available to both states and conditions that make a peaceful resolution more likely. This book will be of much interest to students of Chinese politics, Asian security studies and International Relations.
Author : Ryan Hass
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0300251254
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Stronger written by Ryan Hass and published by . This book was released on 2021-03-09 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the U.S.-China relationship that charts a new path for America focusing on its existing advantages Ryan Hass charts a path forward in America's relationship and rivalry with China rooted in the relative advantages America already possesses. Hass argues that while competition will remain the defining trait of the relationship, both countries will continue to be impacted--for good or ill--by their capacity to coordinate on common challenges that neither can solve on its own, such as pandemic disease, global economic recession, climate change, and nuclear nonproliferation. Hass makes the case that the United States will have greater success in outpacing China economically and outshining it in questions of governance if it focuses more on improving its own condition at home than on trying to impede Chinese initiatives. He argues that the task at hand is not to stand in China's way and turn a rising power into an enemy in the process but to renew America's advantages in its competition with China.
Author : Simona A. Grano
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031153898
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (311 download)
Download or read book China-US Competition written by Simona A. Grano and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access edited book brings together a closer examination of European and Asian responses to the escalating rivalry between the US and China. As the new Cold War has surfaced as a perceivable reality in the post-COVID era, the topic itself is of great importance to policymakers, academic researchers, and the interested public. Furthermore, this manuscript makes a valuable contribution to an under-studied and increasingly important phenomenon in international relations: the impact of the growing strategic competition between the United States and China on third parties, such as small and middle powers in the two arguably most affected regions of the world: Europe and East Asia. The European side has been under-studied and explicitly comparative work on Europe and East Asia is extremely rare. Given that the manuscript focuses heavily on recent developments—and because many of these developments have been quite dramatic—there are very few publications that cover the same topics.
Author : Andrew Scobell
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 1977404200
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (774 download)
Download or read book China’s Grand Strategy written by Andrew Scobell and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2020-07-27 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To explore what extended competition between the United States and China might entail out to 2050, the authors of this report identified and characterized China’s grand strategy, analyzed its component national strategies (diplomacy, economics, science and technology, and military affairs), and assessed how successful China might be at implementing these over the next three decades.
Author : James Steinberg
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400873711
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)
Download or read book Strategic Reassurance and Resolve written by James Steinberg and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-08-25 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After forty years of largely cooperative Sino-U.S. relations, policymakers, politicians, and pundits on both sides of the Pacific see growing tensions between the United States and China. Some go so far as to predict a future of conflict, driven by the inevitable rivalry between an established and a rising power, and urge their leaders to prepare now for a future showdown. Others argue that the deep economic interdependence between the two countries and the many areas of shared interests will lead to more collaborative relations in the coming decades. In this book, James Steinberg and Michael O'Hanlon stake out a third, less deterministic position. They argue that there are powerful domestic and international factors, especially in the military and security realms, that could well push the bilateral relationship toward an arms race and confrontation, even though both sides will be far worse off if such a future comes to pass. They contend that this pessimistic scenario can be confidently avoided only if China and the United States adopt deliberate policies designed to address the security dilemma that besets the relationship between a rising and an established power. The authors propose a set of policy proposals to achieve a sustainable, relatively cooperative relationship between the two nations, based on the concept of providing mutual strategic reassurance in such key areas as nuclear weapons and missile defense, space and cyber operations, and military basing and deployments, while also demonstrating strategic resolve to protect vital national interests, including, in the case of the United States, its commitments to regional allies.
Author : Robert J Haddick
Publisher : Naval Institute Press
ISBN 13 : 1682478033
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (824 download)
Download or read book Fire on the Water, Second Edition written by Robert J Haddick and published by Naval Institute Press. This book was released on 2022-08-15 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Robert Haddick wrote Fire on the Water, first published in 2014, most policy experts and the public underestimated the threat China’s military modernization posed to the U.S. strategic position in the Indo-Pacific region. Today, the rapid Chinese military buildup has many policy experts wondering whether the United States and its allies can maintain conventional military deterrence in the region, and the topic is central to defense planning in the United States. In this new edition, Haddick argues that the United States and its allies can sustain conventional deterrence in the face of China's military buildup. However, doing so will require U.S. policymakers and planners to overcome institutional and cultural barriers to reforms necessary to implement a new strategy for the region. Fire on the Water, Second Edition also presents the sources of conflict in Asia and explains why America's best option is to maintain its active forward presence in the region. Haddick relates the history of America's military presence in the Indo-Pacific and shows why that presence is now vulnerable. The author details China's military modernization program, how it is shrewdly exploiting the military-technical revolution, and why it now poses a grave threat to U.S. and allied interests. He considers the U.S. responses to China's military modernization over the past decade and discusses why these responses fall short of a convincing competitive strategy. Detailing a new approach for sustaining conventional deterrence in the Indo-Pacific region, the author discusses the principles of strategy as they apply to the problems the United States faces in the region. He explains the critical role of aerospace power in the region and argues that the United States should urgently refashion its aerospace concepts if it is to deter aggression, focusing on Taiwan, the most difficult case. Haddick illustrates how the military-technical revolution has drastically changed the potential of naval forces in the Indo-Pacific region and why U.S. policymakers and planners need to adjust their expectations and planning for naval forces. Finally, he elucidates lessons U.S. policymakers can apply from past great-power competitions, examines long-term trends affecting the current competition, summarizes a new U.S. strategic approach to the region, describes how U.S. policymakers can overcome institutional barriers that stand in the way of a better strategy, and explains why U.S. policymakers and the public should have confidence about sustaining deterrence and peace in the region over the long term.
Author : Houlden, Gordon
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 1529213479
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (292 download)
Download or read book Security, Strategy, and Military Dynamics in the South China Sea written by Houlden, Gordon and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2021-07-27 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together international experts to provide fresh perspectives on geopolitical concerns in the South China Sea. The book considers the interests and security strategies of each of the nations with a claim to ownership and jurisdiction in the Sea. Examining contexts including the region’s natural resources and China’s behaviour, the book also assesses the motivations and approaches of other states in Asia and further afield. This is an accessible, even-handed and comprehensive examination of current and future rivalries and challenges in one of the most strategically important and militarized maritime regions of the world.
Author : Anthony H. Cordesman
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1442259019
Total Pages : 587 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)
Download or read book Chinese Strategy and Military Modernization in 2015 written by Anthony H. Cordesman and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2016-01-12 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China’s emergence as a global economic superpower, and as a major regional military power in Asia and the Pacific, has had a major impact on its relations with the United States and its neighbors. China was the driving factor in the new strategy the United States announced in 2012 that called for a “rebalance” of U.S. forces to the Asia-Pacific region. At the same time, China’s actions on its borders, in the East China Sea, and in the South China Sea have shown that it is steadily expanding its geopolitical role in the Pacific and having a steadily increasing impact on the strategy and military developments in other Asian powers.
Author : Raymond Kuo
Publisher : Westphalia Press
ISBN 13 : 9781637237045
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (37 download)
Download or read book Contests of Initiative written by Raymond Kuo and published by Westphalia Press. This book was released on 2020-12-21 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China is engaged in a widespread assertion of sovereignty in the South and East China Seas. It employs a "gray zone" strategy: using coercive but sub-conventional military power to drive off challengers and prevent escalation, while simultaneously seizing territory and asserting maritime control. Contests of Initiative: Confronting China's Gray Zone Strategy provides three courses of action for the US and its Asian security partners to preserve regional peace, uphold freedom of the seas, and deter conflict. Building on theories of escalation dominance, Dr. Kuo casts gray zone strategies as "contests of initiative." States that direct the operational tempo and choice of engagements can exploit gaps in political commitment to seize objectives. Once lost, their opponents face much higher costs to reestablish control. Using case analysis backed by statistical methods, the three courses of action reach different balances between American leadership, allied costs, and Chinese responses. Ultimately, the book recommends the U.S. employ an "extended deterrence" approach. Washington should foster a regional sovereignty settlement, establish a political-military coordinating institution, and attain dominance in sub-conventional capabilities using unmanned ISR and strike platforms to contest and break Beijing's control. The study will be of great value to those in the national security community with responsibility for US policies in East Asia, but it also provides important insights for strategic planners and analysts who will be grappling with the larger strategic dimensions of US-China relations, certain to be the paramount issue in global politics for the foreseeable future. Dr. Raymond Kuo is an independent political scientist focused on international security and East Asia. In addition to this book, he authored Following the Leader: International Order, Alliance Strategies, and Emulation (Stanford University Press, forthcoming 2021), explaining how military alliance strategies generate international order. Dr. Kuo's other research has appeared in International Security, the Journal of Conflict Resolution, The National Interest, and The Diplomat, among others. He previously served in the United Nations, the National Democratic Institute, and the Democratic Progressive Party (Taiwan). Dr. Kuo holds a Ph.D. and M.A. from Princeton University, an M.Sc. from the London School of Economics, and a B.A. from Wesleyan University.
Author : Sigfrido Burgos Cáceres
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131799938X
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (179 download)
Download or read book China's Strategic Interests in the South China Sea written by Sigfrido Burgos Cáceres and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-15 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title will explore China’s strategic interests in the South China Sea, with a specific emphasis on power projection and resource security. China’s regional actions and reactions are reshaping the power dynamics in East and South-East Asia, while economic and geopolitical futures depend on the variegated outcomes of these complex relationships with neighbours and the West. An introductory section will be complemented by four case studies (Japan, Vietnam, the USA and the Philippines) and the concluding chapter will discuss the importance of the South China Sea to China as its new leadership deals with growing economic and military might.
