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Urban Congestion Modelling Traffic Patterns Delays And Optimal Tolls
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Download or read book Urban Congestion written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides an account of preliminary work on urban traffic congestion that forms part of the Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics project on Urban Transport Externalities. The project is concerned with a range of external impacts of urban transport. Congestion is just one of these impacts, but, because it is so intimately related to the traffic patterns which give rise to the others, it has been made the focus of the initial work. The project is concerned with impacts in Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth. However, mainly for reasons of immediate data availability, Melbourne is the subject of this paper. It is anticipated that the approach used here will be applied to the other cities as data become available. Urban travel behaviour is very complex. Analysts have tried to capture its main features in models that provide estimates of the levels and patterns of traffic on the urban road network. While the models are complex, they are still radical simplifications of real urban systems, and their treatment of some aspects of travel behaviour can only be described as rudimentary. Nevertheless, they consistute the state of the art in quantitative urban transport analysis, and they provide a valuable framework for thinking about urban policy issues. The paper provides an overview of the general features of urban transport models, together with estimates of the level and distribution of delay due to congestion on the urban road network, and of the level of optimal congestion tolls.
Book Synopsis Urban Congestion: Modelling Traffic Patterns, Delays and Optimal Tolls by : Australia. Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics
Download or read book Urban Congestion: Modelling Traffic Patterns, Delays and Optimal Tolls written by Australia. Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Road Pricing, Traffic Congestion and the Environment by : Kenneth Button
Download or read book Road Pricing, Traffic Congestion and the Environment written by Kenneth Button and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the regulation of road traffic congestion in theory and practice, within the context of social and political feasibility. Looks at Pigouvian taxes, the most popular policy prescription among economists, and considers a variety of other policies which may be more politically and socially acceptable. Other subjects discussed include congestion and urban development, congestion pricing and road infrastructure investment, and road pricing and urban sustainability. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Urban Traffic Networks by : Nathan H. Gartner
Download or read book Urban Traffic Networks written by Nathan H. Gartner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problems of urban traffic in the industrially developed countries have been at the top of the priority list for a long time. While making a critical contribution to the economic well being of those countries, transportation systems in general and highway traffic in particular, also have detrimental effects which are evident in excessive congestion, high rates of accidents and severe pollution problems. Scientists from different disciplines have played an important role in the development and refinement of the tools needed for the planning, analysis, and control of urban traffic networks. In the past several years, there were particularly rapid advances in two areas that affect urban traffic: 1. Modeling of traffic flows in urban networks and the prediction of the resulting equilibrium conditions; 2. Technology for communication with the driver and the ability to guide him, by providing him with useful, relevant and updated information, to his desired destination.
Author :Alberto Bull Publisher :Santiago, Chile : United Nations, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ISBN 13 : Total Pages :202 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (555 download)
Book Synopsis Traffic Congestion by : Alberto Bull
Download or read book Traffic Congestion written by Alberto Bull and published by Santiago, Chile : United Nations, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. This book was released on 2003 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alleviating Urban Traffic Congestion by : Richard Arnott
Download or read book Alleviating Urban Traffic Congestion written by Richard Arnott and published by CESifo Book. This book was released on 2005 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microscopic models, rather than macroscopic ones that are too simplified and too aggregated, they argue, will lead to the analysis of a wider and more creative range of policies, at least some of which should work well and be politically acceptable."--Jacket.
Book Synopsis Traffic Congestion by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Traffic Congestion written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Behavioural Model of Traffic Congestion Endogenizing Speed Choice, Traffic Safety and Time Losses by : E. T. Verhoef
Download or read book A Behavioural Model of Traffic Congestion Endogenizing Speed Choice, Traffic Safety and Time Losses written by E. T. Verhoef and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional economic models of traffic congestion assume that the relation between traffic flow and speed is a technical one. This paper develops a behavioural model of traffic congestion, in which drivers optimize their speeds by trading off time costs, expected accident costs and fuel costs. Since the presence of other drivers affects the latter two cost components and hence the Nash equilibrium speed, a 'behavioural' speed-flow relationship results for which external congestion costs include expected accident costs and fuel costs, in addition to the time costs considered in the conventional model. It is demonstrated that the latter in fact even cancel in the calculation of optimal congestion tolls. The overall welfare optimum in our model is found to be off the speed-flow function, and off the average and marginal cost functions derived from it in the conventional approach. This full optimum requires tolls to be either accompanied by speed policies, or to be set as a function of speed. Using an empirically calibrated numerical simulation model, we illustrate these qualitative findings, and attempt to assess their potential empirical relevance.
Author :Siriphong Lawphongpanich Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :038729645X Total Pages :246 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (872 download)
Book Synopsis Mathematical and Computational Models for Congestion Charging by : Siriphong Lawphongpanich
Download or read book Mathematical and Computational Models for Congestion Charging written by Siriphong Lawphongpanich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-05 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rigorous treatments of issues related to congestion pricing are described in this book. It examines recent advances in areas such as mathematical and computational models for predicting traffic congestion, determining when, where, and how much to levy tolls, and analyzing the impact on transportation systems. The book follows recent schemes judged to be successful in London, Singapore, Norway, as well as a number of projects in the United States.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Theory of Congestion Tolls by : Stanford University. Center for Interdisciplinary Research
Download or read book Dynamic Theory of Congestion Tolls written by Stanford University. Center for Interdisciplinary Research and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Optimized Time-dependent Congestion Pricing System for Large Networks by : Aya Aboudina
Download or read book Optimized Time-dependent Congestion Pricing System for Large Networks written by Aya Aboudina and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congestion pricing is one of the most widely contemplated methods to manage traffic congestion. The purpose of congestion pricing is to manage traffic demand generation and supply allocation by charging fees (i.e., tolling) for the use of certain roads in order to distribute traffic demand more evenly over time and space. This study presents a system for large-scale optimal time-varying congestion pricing policy determination and evaluation. The proposed system integrates a theoretical model of dynamic congestion pricing, a distributed optimization algorithm, a departure time choice model, and a dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) simulation platform, creating a unified optimal (location- and time-specific) congestion pricing system. The system determines and evaluates the impact of optimal tolling on road traffic congestion (supply side) and travellers' behavioural choices, including departure time and route choices (demand side). For the system's large-scale nature and the consequent computational challenges, the optimization algorithm is executed concurrently on a parallel cluster. The system is applied to simulation-based case studies of tolling major highways in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) while capturing the regional effects of tolling. The models are developed and calibrated using regional household travel survey data that reflect travellers' heterogeneity. The DTA model is calibrated using actual traffic counts from the Ontario Ministry of Transportation and the City of Toronto. The main results indicate that: (1) more benefits are attained from variable tolling due to departure time rescheduling as opposed to mostly re-routing only in the case of flat tolling, (2) widespread spatial and temporal re-distributions of traffic are observed across the regional network in response to tolling significant - yet limited - highways in the region, (3) optimal variable pricing mirrors congestion patterns and induces departure time re-scheduling and rerouting patterns, resulting in improved average travel times and schedule delays at all scales, (4) tolled routes have different sensitivities to identical toll changes, (5) the start times of longer trips are more sensitive (elastic) to variable distance-based tolling policies compared to shorter trips, (6) optimal tolls intended to manage traffic demand are significantly lower than those intended to maximize toll revenues, (7) toll payers benefit from tolling even before toll revenues are spent, and (8) the optimal tolling policies determined offer a win-win solution in which travel times are improved while also raising funds to invest in sustainable transportation infrastructure.
Book Synopsis Estimating Urban Traffic and Congestion Cost Trends for Australian Cities by : David Cosgrove
Download or read book Estimating Urban Traffic and Congestion Cost Trends for Australian Cities written by David Cosgrove and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Economics of Urban Transportation by : Kenneth A. Small
Download or read book The Economics of Urban Transportation written by Kenneth A. Small and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-06-10 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of the seminal textbook The Economics of Urban Transportation incorporates the latest research affecting the design, implementation, pricing, and control of transport systems in towns and cities. The book offers an economic framework for understanding the societal impacts and policy implications of many factors including congestion, traffic safety, climate change, air quality, COVID-19, and newly important developments such as ride-hailing services, electric vehicles, and autonomous vehicles. Rigorous in approach and making use of real-world data and econometric techniques, the third edition features a new chapter on the special challenges of managing the energy that powers transportation systems. It provides fully updated coverage of well-known topics and a rigorous treatment of new ones. All of the basic topics needed to apply economics to urban transportation are included: Forecasting demand for transportation services under various conditions Measuring costs, including those incurred by users and incorporating two new tools to describe congestion in dense urban areas Setting prices under practical constraints Evaluating infrastructure investments Understanding how private and public sectors interact to provide services Written by three of the field’s leading researchers, The Economics of Urban Transportation is essential reading for students, researchers, and practicing professionals in transportation economics, planning, engineering, or related disciplines. With a focus on workable models that can be adapted to future needs, it provides tools for a rapidly changing world.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Traffic Congestion by : E. T. Verhoef
Download or read book The Economics of Traffic Congestion written by E. T. Verhoef and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential two-volume collection contains the most influential articles written over the past eight decades that contribute to an understanding of the economics of traffic congestion. The first volume explores the classic contributions on congestion and road pricing and includes papers in dynamic models and second-best congestion pricing. The second volume analyses ownership arrangements such as private roads, investment and financing, urban land use, social acceptability and distributional aspects of road pricing. Erik Verhoef has written an insightful introduction which provides a clear overview of a problem which is of major importance in both developed and developing countries.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Dynamic Model of Urban Traffic and Optimum Management of Its Flow and Congestion by : Shi'an Wang
Download or read book Stochastic Dynamic Model of Urban Traffic and Optimum Management of Its Flow and Congestion written by Shi'an Wang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are a lot more roads being built periodically in most of the countries with the advancement of modern society. In order to promote the overall traffic flow quality within different cities, city traffic management has been playing a more and more essential role during the last few decades. In recent years, a significantly increasing attention has been paid to the management of traffic flow in major cities all over the world. In this thesis, we develop a stochastic dynamic model for urban traffic along with physical constraints characteristic of intersections equipped with traffic light. We assume that the incoming traffic to each stream in an intersection is amenable to the Poisson random process with variable intensity (mean). We introduce expressions for traffic throughput, congestion as well as operator's waiting time for the typical intersection in a city and hereafter define an appropriate objective functional. Afterwards, we formulate an optimization problem and propose the sequential (or recursive) algorithm based on the principle of optimality (dynamic programming) due to Bellman. The solution if implemented is expected to improve throughput, reduce congestion, and promote driver's satisfaction. Because the dynamic programming method is computationally quite intensive, we consider the scenario that one unit traffic stream stands for a specific number of vehicles which actually depends on the volume of traffic flow through the intersection. The system is simulated with inputs described by several distinct nonhomogeneous Poisson processes. For example, we apply the typical traffic arrival rate in Canada with morning peak hour at around 7:30 AM and afternoon peak hour at around 4:30 PM whilst it is also applied with morning rush hour at about 8:00 AM and afternoon rush hour at about 6:00 PM like in China. In the meanwhile, we also present a group of numerical results for the traffic arrival rates that have shorter morning peak-hour period but longer afternoon rush hour period. This may occasionally happen when there are some social activities or big events in the afternoon. In addition, another series of experiments are carried out to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed dynamic model based on the traffic arrival rates with only one peak-hour throughout the whole day. The system is simulated with a series of experiments and the optimization problem is solved by dynamic programming based on the proposed algorithm which gives us the optimal feedback control law. More specifically, the results show that both the optimal traffic light timing allocated for each stream and the congestion broadcast level (CBL) of each road segment during each time segment are found. Accordingly, the corresponding optimal cost can be found for any given initial condition. It is reasonably believed that this stochastic dynamic model would be potentially applicable for real time adaptive traffic control system.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Urban Transportation by : Kenneth A. Small
Download or read book The Economics of Urban Transportation written by Kenneth A. Small and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-10-18 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely new edition of Kenneth A. Small’s seminal textbook Urban Transportation Economics, co-authored with Erik T. Verhoef, has been fully updated, covering new areas such as parking policies, reliability of travel times, and the privatization of transportation services, as well as updated treatments of congestion modelling, environmental costs, and transit subsidies. Rigorous in approach and making use of real-world data and econometric techniques, it contains case studies from a range of countries including congestion charging in Norway, Singapore and the UK, light rail in the Netherlands and freeway tolls in the US. Small and Verhoef cover all basic topics needed for any application of economics to transportation: forecasting the demand for transportation services under alternative policies measuring all the costs including those incurred by users setting prices under practical constraints choosing and evaluating investments in basic facilities designing ways in which the private and public sectors interact to provide services. This book will be of great interest to students with basic calculus and some knowledge of economic theory who are engaged with transportation economics, planning and, or engineering, travel demand analysis, and many related fields. It will also be essential reading for researchers in any aspect of urban transportation.
Book Synopsis Mathematical Methods on Optimization in Transportation Systems by : M. Pursula
Download or read book Mathematical Methods on Optimization in Transportation Systems written by M. Pursula and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-14 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains selected papers from the presentations given at the 7th EURO-Working Group Meeting on 'Iransportation, which took place at the Helsinki University of Technology (HUT), Finland, during August 2-4, 1999. Altogether 31 presentations were given and 14 full papers have been selected in this publication through a peer review process coordinated by the editors. The papers in this book cover a wide range of transportation problems from the simulation of railway traffic to optimum congestion tolling and mode choice modeling with stated preference data. In general, the variety of papers clearly demonstrates the wide areas of interest of people who are involved in the research of transportation systems and their operation. They as well demonstrate the importance and possibilities of modeling and theoretical approaches in the analysis of transportation systems and problem solving. Most of the papers are purely theoretical in nature, that is, they present a theoretical model with only a hypothetical example of applica tion. There are, however, some papers, which are closer to the practice or describe applications of and give interesting results of studies made by known methodologies. It is especially noteworthy, that half of the accepted papers deal with planning and operation of public transport.
