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Author : Austin Troy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Updating the Lake Champlain Basin Land Use Data to Improve Prediction of Phosphorus Loading written by Austin Troy and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John Van Benschoten
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Suitability of Input-output Models for Evaluating the Impact of Phosphorus Loadings to Lake Champlain written by John Van Benschoten and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : George Harrison Myers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)
Download or read book Understanding and Mitigating Phosphorus Losses in the Vermont Lake Champlain Basin at the Watershed and Field Scale in a Changing Climate written by George Harrison Myers and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alteration of global nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles to support livestock and crop production is the most significant driver of global nutrient surpluses. Losses of excess nutrients to the environment contribute to eutrophication of aquatic systems, leading to harmful algal blooms (HABs), hypoxia, and fish kills. Livestock and dairy production are directly linked to the acceleration of eutrophication via nutrient losses from animal manure. Lake Champlain has been experiencing HABs since the 1970s, and a total maximum daily load (TMDL) is in place to reduce P loading to the lake, with much of the reduction in P load being required to come from the agricultural sector. It is critical to understand nutrient movement and the impact of a changing regional climate in manure-based agricultural watersheds, as dairy farming is the primary agricultural sector in Vermont. Additionally, studying agricultural management practices to mitigate P losses is imperative to meet the target P load reductions set forth by the TMDL. The first portion of this thesis analyzes seasonal differences in nutrient movement in two manure-based agricultural watersheds in the Vermont Lake Champlain Basin (VT LCB) with varying extent of agricultural land use. The results show that the spring and summer had the smallest seasonal loads of total P (TP) and dissolved P (DP) in runoff. The smaller summer P loads appear to be related to periods of drought, while the smaller P loads in the spring are likely related to less manure P built up in the watershed that could be transported to surface waters. Approximately 40% of the cumulative TP load and 43% of the cumulative DP load was discharged from the watersheds in the fall. The increased fall TP and DP loads were likely due to the application of manure across the watersheds during this period. The data suggest that soil erosion is relatively less dominant as a driver of watershed P discharge during times when manure was available for transport post-application (e.g., fall and summer), and more closely linked to watershed P loss during times when less new manure was available (e.g., spring). The results suggest better management of manure application rates and timing as well as increased implementation of agricultural management practices are needed to address increased P transport throughout the year, and especially during the fall. The second portion of this thesis assesses the efficacy of edge-of-field (EOF) iron-based filters for P removal. In-field agricultural management practices such as no-till management and cover cropping target reductions in TP, but do not effectively address DP. EOF filters are a promising management practice for reducing DP losses. Storm runoff at the inlet and outlet of one subsurface and two surface EOF filters was monitored for 10 months. The subsurface filter proved very effective for soluble reactive P (SRP) and TP removal, removing 99% of cumulative SRP load and 91% of TP load from monitored events. The surface filters had varied results, with the east surface filter removing 19% of SRP load and 72% of TP load, and the west surface filter removing 52% of SRP load and having no effect on TP load. The findings highlight the importance of filter sizing and design to minimize the impact of sediment loading and preferential flow pathways on surface EOF filter performance. The study provides early evidence that tile drain filters are a highly effective management strategy for mitigating SRP and TP losses from agricultural fields.
Author : E B. Henson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book The trophic status and phosphorus loadings of Lake Champlain written by E B. Henson and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This manual contains overview information on treatment technologies, installation practices, and past performance."--Introduction.
Author : Tom Manley
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475740808
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)
Download or read book Lake Champlain: Partnerships and Research in the New Millennium written by Tom Manley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents the proceedings of the 2002 Spring Symposium sponsored by the Lake Champlain Research Consortium, hosted by the Missisquoi Bay Watershed Corporation. The book examines this common body of water shared by Canada and the US, and summarizes knowledge of the dynamics of this system with a primary focus on land use, water management, and bridging the gap between researchers and the public.
Author : Thomas O. Manley
Publisher : American Geophysical Union
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Lake Champlain in Transition written by Thomas O. Manley and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1999-01-26 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Science and Application Series, Volume 1. Lake Champlain in Transition: From Research Toward Restoration synthesizes research studies on the chemistry, biology, atmospherics, hydrodynamics, hydrology, land use, and management of Lake Champlain and its basin. Additional studies define the cultlural, social, and economic pressures on the lake's ecosystemm. The volume presents research results on lake sediment toxicity and its effect on benthic and aquatic species. Trophic levels were studied, from the impacts of nitrogen and phosphorus on phytoplankton to multiple "trophic cascades" and management implications. Phosphorus loading and subsequent eutrophication was examined by looking at comprehensive loading budgets, a whole-lake mass-balance model, and subsequent management schemes. This comprehensive research effort was undertaken to develop a management plan devoted to preserving the lake ecosystem, and the volume will interest environmental planners and managers as well as limnologists and hydrologists.
Author : Ann Billings
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (248 download)
Download or read book Land Use and Phosphorus Pollution in the Lake Champlain Basin written by Ann Billings and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Dani Newcomb
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (182 download)
Download or read book Links Between Geomorphic Condition, Water Quality, and Phosphorus Loading in Hungerford Brook, Vermont written by Dani Newcomb and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonpoint source pollution by phosphorus and sediment is a wide-spread problem across the United States and specifically in Vermont and the Lake Champlain Basin. Best management of nonpoint source loading will likely involve a combination of land use and stream channel modifications, but few studies have comprehensively examined the relative importance of land use, streambank instability, and soil phosphorus. Thus, it is important to understand the associations between these characteristics, as well as their overall, relationship to watershed nutrient loading dynamics. The main objectives of this study were (1) to examine the impacts of land use at the watershed and near-stream scales on total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), (2) to explore the links between geomorphic condition and phosphorus and sediment concentrations and loads throughout the watershed and at different spatial scales, and (3) to investigate the importance of soil phosphorus concentrations in stream banks in contributing to the overall phosphorus load. TP, SRP, and TSS samples were collected from eight sites located at tributary junctures and one site at the mouth of Hungerford Brook, a 50 km2 watershed in the Lake Champlain Basin, under storm and baseflow conditions. Rapid geomorphic assessment (RGA) scores, land use, and soil phosphorus concentrations were collected for reaches upstream of sampling locations. Both nested and unnested design multivariate modeling was used to evaluate the importance of characteristics in the individual subwatersheds (unnested) or the entire upstream watershed (nested). SRP, TP, and TSS were predicted as both concentrations and instantaneous loads, using raw quantifications of subwatershed characteristics as well as these same characteristics standardized by the area of agriculture in the subwatershed. Correlation coefficients and principal components analysis were used to select variables that were used in Akaike information criterion (AIC) model selection and stepwise regression. Unnested variables used were agriculture, agriculture in a streamside buffer, proportion of corn, slope, channel degradation, and soil phosphorus. For the nested design, agriculture, agriculture in the buffer, channel aggradation, RGA score, and soil phosphorus concentrations were used. Best fit models were selected based on AICc scores and overall model R2. n ANOVA was also performed on the percent difference between storm flow concentrations and average baseflow concentrations. Results indicate that phosphorus and sediment transport occurs mainly during storm events and concentrations greatly exceed state water quality standards. Concentrations of SRP and TP were significantly lower at the mouth of Hungerford Brook than in upstream subwatersheds, indicating that deposition and storage are occurring in this downstream part of the watershed. SRP concentrations appear to be best explained by agriculture in the riparian buffer, while TP and TSS are influenced by agricultural land use at multiple spatial scales. Agricultural land use was associated with increased stream instability. These findings suggest that additional phosphorus and sediment management, targeted at increasing stream stability and reducing impacts from agriculture, are needed in order to reduce the overall load traveling to Lake Champlain.
Author : Helen Carr
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (755 download)
Download or read book Modeling 250 Years of Phosphorus Loading and Changing Trophic Status in Lake Champlain written by Helen Carr and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paleolimnological records show that since Europeans began settling in the Lake Champlain Basin approximately 250 years ago, the lake has become progressively eutrophic. Eutrophication of freshwater bodies through excess nutrient input has been a major water quality issue worldwide for the past half century (Codd et al., 2005). Certain land use changes, such as the commercialization of agriculture, urbanization, as well as deforestation in the 19th century, may explain some of the observed variability in nutrient and algal biomass accumulation rates in sediments since settlement began. While the underlying causes of productivity rise in Lake Champlain have been inferred from anecdotal evidence, quantitative inferences based on modeled nutrient fluxes are lacking.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 758 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (117 download)
Download or read book Journal of Soil and Water Conservation written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vol. 25, no. 1 contains the society's Lincoln Chapter's Resource conservation glossary.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Developing and Assessing Policy Options for Reducing Phosphorus Loading in Lake Champlain written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Glenn E. Myer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Limnology of Lake Champlain written by Glenn E. Myer and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Adrian Robert Hendrick Wiegman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Phosphorus Dynamics in Restored Riparian Wetlands on Former Agricultural Land in Vermont written by Adrian Robert Hendrick Wiegman and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wetland restoration has numerous potential ecological and societal benefits, one of which is the retention of phosphorus (P) and consequent protection of downstream water bodies from eutrophication. Past studies focused on influents to and effluents from a variety of wetland types have documented net P retention. However, some wetland systems are less effective at P capture and wetland P retention capacity can change over time. Certain wetland types - especially riparian wetlands restored on former agricultural land - remain understudied. In Vermont, most of the over 4000 potential wetland restoration sites in the Lake Champlain Basin are located on current or former agricultural fields, and little information is available to inform estimates of net P retention (i.e., P balances) for such sites. In this dissertation, I examined various factors affecting P balances in riparian wetlands restored on historically farmed soils of Vermont. P balance in a riparian wetland is largely a function of particulate P capture (e.g., deposition of particle-attached P during floods) and soluble reactive P (SRP) loss (e.g., release of SRP from soils). In Chapter 1, I determined the threshold in P saturation ratio (PSR) for riparian soils in Vermont, enabling calculation of a soil P storage capacity (SPSC) metric. I then quantified soil SRP release using intact soil core incubations with simulated floods for sites ranging from active farms to mature wetlands and confirmed that PSR, SPSC, and other soil parameters were strong predictors of SRP loss during inundation. In Chapter 2, I monitored P dynamics in soil, water, and vegetation at three restored riparian wetlands on former agricultural land in the Lake Champlain Basin, focusing on factors that affect P deposition and SRP release. At wetland sampling plots, observed inorganic sediment gain and decreased water column total suspended solids concentrations relative to the river/inflow indicated that wetlands were effectively trapping particles. Accretion of inorganic P (i.e., best estimate for mineral P deposited during floods) ranged from 0.1 to 1 g P m-2 yr-1 depending on site and elevation. Elevated SRP concentrations in wetland water columns relative to the river sources indicated internal SRP release from soils, and high frequency data indicated that factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, and primary production likely influence SRP dynamics. In Chapter 3, I developed a wetland P dynamics model that can generate estimates of net P retention from a simple set of soil and hydrologic inputs, considering both P deposition and SRP release. For proof of concept, I simulated the wetlands monitored in Chapter 2 using two years of monitoring data and a set of model scenarios. I found that net total P balance was typically positive (-0.04 to 0.24 g P m-2 yr-1), with average P retention efficiency of ~40%, though there was substantial variability depending on site and scenario. P retention efficiency was especially sensitive to changes in influent P and total suspended solids concentrations, with the greatest net P retention predicted for systems receiving influent floodwater with high P concentrations. Reduction of influent SRP concentrations promoted SRP release from soils, suggesting that legacy soil P in the wetlands might cause a time lag between the adoption of upstream best management practices and reduction in downstream SRP concentrations. In the future, the model developed in Chapter 3 can be applied more broadly to investigate the potential P retention benefits of wetland restoration at candidate sites across Vermont. Together, the information put forth by this dissertation provides a suite of data and tools that researchers and managers can use to enhance the P retention benefits of riparian wetland restoration.
Author : Kenneth G. Bogdan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (455 download)
Download or read book Estimates of the Annual Loading of Total Phosphorus to Lake Champlain written by Kenneth G. Bogdan and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : G. Dennis Cooke
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483163253
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)
Download or read book Lake and Reservoir Restoration written by G. Dennis Cooke and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lake and Reservoir Restoration deals with the eutrophication process and the methods to protect, restore, and manage lakes and reservoirs. The most common in-lake techniques or procedures, plus nutrient diversion, are reviewed with regard to their scientific basis, methods of application, known effectiveness, feasibility, drawbacks, and costs. Areas for further research and development are also highlighted. This book is comprised of 16 chapters organized into four sections. After an introduction to the theory of the problem and the restoration technique, the discussion turns to the various restoration methods such as those used for physical and chemical control of nutrients. Diversion and advanced waste treatment, hypolimnetic withdrawal, and dilution and flushing are considered along with phosphorus precipitation and inactivation, sediment oxidation, sediment removal, and hypolimnetic aeration. Case studies and success stories are presented and the costs and potential negative impacts of the methods are examined. The following chapters focus on methods to control plant biomass, including artificial circulation, water-level drawdown, harvesting, biological control, and surface and sediment covers. A chapter on liming acidified lakes concludes this text. This monograph will be useful to professional limnologists and engineers, on-site lake or reservoir managers, and those who are interested in learning about the problems and management of lakes and reservoirs.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309082951
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Riparian Areas written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-10-10 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that wetlands be protected from degradation because of their important ecological functions including maintenance of high water quality and provision of fish and wildlife habitat. However, this protection generally does not encompass riparian areasâ€"the lands bordering rivers and lakesâ€"even though they often provide the same functions as wetlands. Growing recognition of the similarities in wetland and riparian area functioning and the differences in their legal protection led the NRC in 1999 to undertake a study of riparian areas, which has culminated in Riparian Areas: Functioning and Strategies for Management. The report is intended to heighten awareness of riparian areas commensurate with their ecological and societal values. The primary conclusion is that, because riparian areas perform a disproportionate number of biological and physical functions on a unit area basis, restoration of riparian functions along America's waterbodies should be a national goal.
