Unknown Wars of Asia, Africa and The America's That Changed History

Download Unknown Wars of Asia, Africa and The America's That Changed History PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781494362126
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (621 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Unknown Wars of Asia, Africa and The America's That Changed History by : Steven M. Johnson

Download or read book Unknown Wars of Asia, Africa and The America's That Changed History written by Steven M. Johnson and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stories of the "Unknown Wars of Asia, Africa and The Americas" were cataclysmic and bloody events that took the lives of millions and impact our world to this day. Yet, most of these wars are hardly mentioned in articles or even textbooks. Among some of the wars covered are: - The wars that involved the Great Wall of China over its' 1,865 year history as a defensive barrier. - The longest war in history which was the 1,049 year long Vietnamese War of Independence from China and the lessons that should have kept France and the US out of Indo-China. - The wars of the Khmer Empire (802 - 1431) and Jayavarman VII who emerged as an unlikely hero in a time of crises in 1177 to become the greatest king of the Angkor era. - The Jewish Bar Kokhba Revolt (132 - 136) that caused the Emperor Hadrian to cover up the massacre of two veteran Roman Legions and the truth about how close the revolt came to succeeding. The Jewish War from 66 - 73 AD is also covered in a preceding chapter. - The wars of the Spanish Conquistadors to conquer the American Southeast and Southwest in the sixteenth century and the Native American apocalypse in North America that followed. - The Cherokee Wars that came very close to wiping out the colony of South Carolina. - The wars of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade that took the lives of more than 12 million Africans and the slave revolts of the Caribbean and South America. - The Taiping Rebellion (1851 - 1871) that was caused by a Confucian scholar who misunderstood a poorly translated gospel tract and started a rebellion that led to over 30 million deaths. - The 74 year Mongol conquest of China and disasters in Syria, Japan, Vietnam, and Java that led to the breakup of the Mongol Empire. - Before the Holocaust of World War II, there was a Christian holocaust in Germany and Bohemia during the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) that caused more than 8 million deaths mostly from genocide being committed by both Catholics and Protestants. - England's Pirate Wars - The French Conquest of Indo-China 1857 - 1884 - The future wars that half of the world's population of Jews, Christians, and Muslims are expecting in the near future. About the author: Steven Johnson has been a regular contributing author to Military Heritage and Strategy & Tactics Magazines and has taught History at Limestone College and Riverside High School in South Carolina for more than 20 years. Steven Johnson's style of narrative writing and teaching of History is as a master storyteller of true events that are stranger than fiction. The author's style of writing has been compared to that of the late author Shelby Foote's Civil War writing.

Understanding War

Download Understanding War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : UPA
ISBN 13 : 0761867740
Total Pages : 720 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (618 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Understanding War by : Christian P. Potholm

Download or read book Understanding War written by Christian P. Potholm and published by UPA. This book was released on 2016-08-03 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third book in Professor Christian Potholm’s war trilogy (which includes Winning at War and War Wisdom), Understanding War provides a most workable bibliography dealing with the vast literature on war and warfare. As such, it provides insights into over 3000 works on this overwhelmingly extensive material. Understanding War is thus the most comprehensive annotated bibliography available today. Moreover, by dividing war material into eighteen overarching themes of analysis and fifty seminal topics, and focusing on these, Understanding War enables the reader to access and understand the broadest possible array of materials across both time and space, beginning with the earliest forms of warfare and concluding with the contemporary situation. Stimulating and thought-provoking, this volume is essential for an understanding of the breadth and depth of the vast scholarship dealing with war and warfare through human history and across cultures.

Hiding in Plain Sight

Download Hiding in Plain Sight PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538162725
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Hiding in Plain Sight by : Christian P. Potholm

Download or read book Hiding in Plain Sight written by Christian P. Potholm and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-10-22 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hiding in Plain Sight: Women Warriors throughout Time and Space takes the many, long-standing dimensions of military history, including the various modalities of warfare across cultures and periods, and integrates them with the more recent and very substantial contributions of social history, women’s history, black history, feminist theory, LGBTQ community, and other perspectives. By providing an extensive annotated bibliography of the new findings, the work provides the reader with an exciting compilation of new knowledge placed within a longstanding military historical framework, one which provides a broader study and understanding of warfare into which to put the very recent, disparate findings culled from many disciplines. The book reaffirms that women have long been deeply embedded in the practice of warfare, not simply as victims or minor curiosities, but as important actors—tactically, strategically, in combat, and directing warfare from afar—just as their male counterparts. The concomitant amalgam also shows that certain types and patterns of warfare such as the defense of castles and fortresses, commanding a ship or a fleet, revolutionary warfare, and today’s drone and cyber-forms of warfare have been more conducive to female activity than other forms of warfare, even as women are also present in a wider variety of other broader temporal and geographical dimensions of the history of warfare. Hiding in Plain Sight is the only extensive annotated bibliography currently available which provides such a holistic overview of recent scholarship by grounding that scholarship in the existing military canon and history.

Asia's Unknown Uprisings Volume 1

Download Asia's Unknown Uprisings Volume 1 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : PM Press
ISBN 13 : 1604867213
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (48 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Asia's Unknown Uprisings Volume 1 by : George Katsiaficas

Download or read book Asia's Unknown Uprisings Volume 1 written by George Katsiaficas and published by PM Press. This book was released on 2012-03-20 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using social movements as a prism to illuminate the oft-hidden history of 20th-century Korea, this book provides detailed analysis of major uprisings that have patterned that country’s politics and society. From the 1894 Tonghak Uprising through the March 1, 1919, independence movement and anti-Japanese resistance, a direct line is traced to the popular opposition to U.S. division of Korea after World War Two. The overthrow of Syngman Rhee in 1960, resistance to Park Chung-hee, the 1980 Gwangju Uprising, as well as student, labor, and feminist movements are all recounted with attention to their economic and political contexts. South Korean opposition to neoliberalism is portrayed in detail, as is an analysis of neoliberalism’s rise and effects. With a central focus on the Gwangju Uprising (that ultimately proved decisive in South Korea’s democratization), the author uses Korean experiences as a baseboard to extrapolate into the possibilities of global social movements in the 21st century. Previous English-language sources have emphasized leaders—whether Korean, Japanese, or American. This book emphasizes grassroots crystallization of counter-elite dynamics and notes how the intelligence of ordinary people surpasses that of political and economic leaders holding the reins of power. It is the first volume in a two-part study that concludes by analyzing in rich detail uprisings in nine other places: the Philippines, Burma, Tibet, China, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Thailand, and Indonesia. Richly illustrated, with tables, charts, graphs, index, and endnotes.

Renaissance Armies in Italy 1450–1550

Download Renaissance Armies in Italy 1450–1550 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472842006
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Renaissance Armies in Italy 1450–1550 by : Gabriele Esposito

Download or read book Renaissance Armies in Italy 1450–1550 written by Gabriele Esposito and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-26 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Italian Renaissance marked a period of political and military turmoil. Many regional wars were fought between the states ruled by Milan, Venice, Genoa, Florence, the Papacy, Siena and Naples. For more than 50 years starting in 1494, major foreign powers also exploited these divisions to invade Italy; both France and Spain made temporary alliances with city states to further their ambitions, and early in the 16th century the Emperor Charles V sent armies from his German realms to support the Spanish. These wars coincided with the growth of disciplined infantry – carrying not only polearms and crossbows but also handguns – which proved capable of challenging the previously dominant armoured knights. The widespread use of mercenaries ushered in the early development of the 'pike and shot' era that succeeded the 'High Middle Ages'. During this period costumes, armour and weapons varied greatly due to their national origins and to the evolution of tactics and technology. This masterfully illustrated study offers a fascinating insight into the many armies which fought in Italy during this turbulent period, explaining not only their arms and equipment, but also their structure and successes and failures on the battlefield.

Forgotten Armies

Download Forgotten Armies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674017481
Total Pages : 614 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (174 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Forgotten Armies by : Christopher Alan Bayly

Download or read book Forgotten Armies written by Christopher Alan Bayly and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early stages of the Second World War, the vast crescent of British-ruled territories stretching from India to Singapore appeared as a massive Allied asset. It provided scores of soldiers and great quantities of raw materials and helped present a seemingly impregnable global defense against the Axis. Yet, within a few weeks in 1941-42, a Japanese invasion had destroyed all this, sweeping suddenly and decisively through south and southeast Asia to the Indian frontier, and provoking the extraordinary revolutionary struggles which would mark the beginning of the end of British dominion in the East and the rise of today's Asian world. More than a military history, this gripping account of groundbreaking battles and guerrilla campaigns creates a panoramic view of British Asia as it was ravaged by warfare, nationalist insurgency, disease, and famine. It breathes life into the armies of soldiers, civilians, laborers, businessmen, comfort women, doctors, and nurses who confronted the daily brutalities of a combat zone which extended from metropolitan cities to remote jungles, from tropical plantations to the Himalayas. Drawing upon a vast range of Indian, Burmese, Chinese, and Malay as well as British, American, and Japanese voices, the authors make vivid one of the central dramas of the twentieth century: the birth of modern south and southeast Asia and the death of British rule.

The American War in Vietnam

Download The American War in Vietnam PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 158367585X
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (836 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The American War in Vietnam by : John Marciano

Download or read book The American War in Vietnam written by John Marciano and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2016-08 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On May 25, 2012, President Obama announced that the United States would spend the next thirteen years commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Vietnam War and the "more than 58,000 patriots" who died there. The fact that 3 million Vietnamese--soldiers, parents, grandparents, children--also died will be largely unknown and entirely un-commemorated. U.S. history barely stops to record the millions of Vietnamese who lived on after being displaced, tortured, maimed, raped, or born with birth defects, the result of devastating chemicals wreaked on the land by the U.S. military. The reason for this disconnect lies in an unremitting public relations campaign waged by top American politicians, military leaders, business people, and scholars who have spent the last sixty years justifying the U.S. presence in Vietnam. The American War in Vietnam challenges all of us to stop the ongoing U.S. war on actual history. Marciano reveals the grandiose flag-waving that stems from the "Noble cause principle," the notion that America is "chosen by God" to bring democracy to the world. The result is critical writing and teaching at its best. This book will provide students everywhere with insights that can prepare them to change the world. --Cover.

A Patriot's History of the United States

Download A Patriot's History of the United States PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1101217782
Total Pages : 1373 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Patriot's History of the United States by : Larry Schweikart

Download or read book A Patriot's History of the United States written by Larry Schweikart and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2004-12-29 with total page 1373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past three decades, many history professors have allowed their biases to distort the way America’s past is taught. These intellectuals have searched for instances of racism, sexism, and bigotry in our history while downplaying the greatness of America’s patriots and the achievements of “dead white men.” As a result, more emphasis is placed on Harriet Tubman than on George Washington; more about the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II than about D-Day or Iwo Jima; more on the dangers we faced from Joseph McCarthy than those we faced from Josef Stalin. A Patriot’s History of the United States corrects those doctrinaire biases. In this groundbreaking book, America’s discovery, founding, and development are reexamined with an appreciation for the elements of public virtue, personal liberty, and private property that make this nation uniquely successful. This book offers a long-overdue acknowledgment of America’s true and proud history.

America's War for the Greater Middle East

Download America's War for the Greater Middle East PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0553393936
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (533 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis America's War for the Greater Middle East by : Andrew J. Bacevich

Download or read book America's War for the Greater Middle East written by Andrew J. Bacevich and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical assessment of America's foreign policy in the Middle East throughout the past four decades evaluates and connects regional engagements since 1990 while revealing their massive costs.

A War Too Long

Download A War Too Long PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781410214232
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (142 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A War Too Long by : John Schlight

Download or read book A War Too Long written by John Schlight and published by . This book was released on 2004-06-01 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Air Force instinctively disliked the slow, gradual way the United States prosecuted its war against the Vietnamese communists. While Americans undoubtedly delayed a communist victory in South Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia long enough to spare Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries a similar fate, the American public grew very tired of this war years before its dismal conclusion. Due to questionable political policies and decision-making, only sporadic and relatively ineffective use had been made of air power's ability to bring great force to bear quickly and decisively. The United States and its Air Force experienced a decade of frustration made more painful by the losses of its personnel killed, wounded, or taken prisoner. Fighting resolutely and courageously, the Air Force played the decisive role in forcing North Vietnam to the peace table in 1973. The demands of the Vietnam War forced new developments such as laser-guided-bombs that would eventually radically transform the shape of air warfare.

War: How Conflict Shaped Us

Download War: How Conflict Shaped Us PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Random House
ISBN 13 : 1984856146
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (848 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis War: How Conflict Shaped Us by : Margaret MacMillan

Download or read book War: How Conflict Shaped Us written by Margaret MacMillan and published by Random House. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is peace an aberration? The New York Times bestselling author of Paris 1919 offers a provocative view of war as an essential component of humanity. NAMED ONE OF THE TEN BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY THE NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW “Margaret MacMillan has produced another seminal work. . . . She is right that we must, more than ever, think about war. And she has shown us how in this brilliant, elegantly written book.”—H.R. McMaster, author of Dereliction of Duty and Battlegrounds: The Fight to Defend the Free World The instinct to fight may be innate in human nature, but war—organized violence—comes with organized society. War has shaped humanity’s history, its social and political institutions, its values and ideas. Our very language, our public spaces, our private memories, and some of our greatest cultural treasures reflect the glory and the misery of war. War is an uncomfortable and challenging subject not least because it brings out both the vilest and the noblest aspects of humanity. Margaret MacMillan looks at the ways in which war has influenced human society and how, in turn, changes in political organization, technology, or ideologies have affected how and why we fight. War: How Conflict Shaped Us explores such much-debated and controversial questions as: When did war first start? Does human nature doom us to fight one another? Why has war been described as the most organized of all human activities? Why are warriors almost always men? Is war ever within our control? Drawing on lessons from wars throughout the past, from classical history to the present day, MacMillan reveals the many faces of war—the way it has determined our past, our future, our views of the world, and our very conception of ourselves.

A Nation Among Nations

Download A Nation Among Nations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Hill and Wang
ISBN 13 : 1429927593
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Nation Among Nations by : Thomas Bender

Download or read book A Nation Among Nations written by Thomas Bender and published by Hill and Wang. This book was released on 2006-12-12 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A provocative book that shows us why we must put American history firmly in a global context–from 1492 to today. Immerse yourself in an insightful exploration of American history in A Nation Among Nations. This compelling book by renowned author Thomas Bender paints a different picture of the nation's history by placing it within the broader canvas of global events and developments. Events like the American Revolution, the Civil War, and subsequent imperialism are examined in a new light, revealing fundamental correlations with simultaneous global rebellions, national redefinitions, and competitive imperial ambitions. Intricacies of industrialization, urbanization, laissez-faire economics, capitalism, socialism, and technological advancements become globally interconnected phenomena, altering the solitary perception of these being unique American experiences. A Nation Among Nations isn’t just a history book–it's a thought-provoking journey that transcends geographical boundaries, encouraging us to delve deeper into the globally intertwined series of events that spun the American historical narrative.

Africa and the American Negro

Download Africa and the American Negro PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Africa and the American Negro by : John Wesley Edward Bowen

Download or read book Africa and the American Negro written by John Wesley Edward Bowen and published by . This book was released on 1896 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Long Game

Download The Long Game PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197527876
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Long Game by : Rush Doshi

Download or read book The Long Game written by Rush Doshi and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-11 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than a century, no US adversary or coalition of adversaries - not Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, or the Soviet Union - has ever reached sixty percent of US GDP. China is the sole exception, and it is fast emerging into a global superpower that could rival, if not eclipse, the United States. What does China want, does it have a grand strategy to achieve it, and what should the United States do about it? In The Long Game, Rush Doshi draws from a rich base of Chinese primary sources, including decades worth of party documents, leaked materials, memoirs by party leaders, and a careful analysis of China's conduct to provide a history of China's grand strategy since the end of the Cold War. Taking readers behind the Party's closed doors, he uncovers Beijing's long, methodical game to displace America from its hegemonic position in both the East Asia regional and global orders through three sequential "strategies of displacement." Beginning in the 1980s, China focused for two decades on "hiding capabilities and biding time." After the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, it became more assertive regionally, following a policy of "actively accomplishing something." Finally, in the aftermath populist elections of 2016, China shifted to an even more aggressive strategy for undermining US hegemony, adopting the phrase "great changes unseen in century." After charting how China's long game has evolved, Doshi offers a comprehensive yet asymmetric plan for an effective US response. Ironically, his proposed approach takes a page from Beijing's own strategic playbook to undermine China's ambitions and strengthen American order without competing dollar-for-dollar, ship-for-ship, or loan-for-loan.

An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States (10th Anniversary Edition)

Download An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States (10th Anniversary Edition) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Beacon Press
ISBN 13 : 0807013145
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States (10th Anniversary Edition) by : Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz

Download or read book An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States (10th Anniversary Edition) written by Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2023-10-03 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York Times Bestseller Now part of the HBO docuseries "Exterminate All the Brutes," written and directed by Raoul Peck Recipient of the American Book Award The first history of the United States told from the perspective of indigenous peoples Today in the United States, there are more than five hundred federally recognized Indigenous nations comprising nearly three million people, descendants of the fifteen million Native people who once inhabited this land. The centuries-long genocidal program of the US settler-colonial regimen has largely been omitted from history. Now, for the first time, acclaimed historian and activist Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz offers a history of the United States told from the perspective of Indigenous peoples and reveals how Native Americans, for centuries, actively resisted expansion of the US empire. With growing support for movements such as the campaign to abolish Columbus Day and replace it with Indigenous Peoples’ Day and the Dakota Access Pipeline protest led by the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States is an essential resource providing historical threads that are crucial for understanding the present. In An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States, Dunbar-Ortiz adroitly challenges the founding myth of the United States and shows how policy against the Indigenous peoples was colonialist and designed to seize the territories of the original inhabitants, displacing or eliminating them. And as Dunbar-Ortiz reveals, this policy was praised in popular culture, through writers like James Fenimore Cooper and Walt Whitman, and in the highest offices of government and the military. Shockingly, as the genocidal policy reached its zenith under President Andrew Jackson, its ruthlessness was best articulated by US Army general Thomas S. Jesup, who, in 1836, wrote of the Seminoles: “The country can be rid of them only by exterminating them.” Spanning more than four hundred years, this classic bottom-up peoples’ history radically reframes US history and explodes the silences that have haunted our national narrative. An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States is a 2015 PEN Oakland-Josephine Miles Award for Excellence in Literature.

The City Record

Download The City Record PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 940 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (334 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The City Record by : New York (N.Y.)

Download or read book The City Record written by New York (N.Y.) and published by . This book was released on 1905 with total page 940 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes Official canvas of votes (varies slightly) 1878-1943.

A Brief Political and Geographic History of North America (Where Are New France, New Netherland, and New Sweden?)

Download A Brief Political and Geographic History of North America (Where Are New France, New Netherland, and New Sweden?) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Mitchell Lane Publishers, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1612280056
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (122 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Brief Political and Geographic History of North America (Where Are New France, New Netherland, and New Sweden?) by : Lissa Johnston

Download or read book A Brief Political and Geographic History of North America (Where Are New France, New Netherland, and New Sweden?) written by Lissa Johnston and published by Mitchell Lane Publishers, Inc.. This book was released on 2010-12-23 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When we think of North American colonies, images of Pilgrims and Thanksgiving come to mind. Would you be surprised to learn there were other colonies long before those famous "thirteen"? Before anyone landed on the shores of Plymouth Bay, the colony of New France was alive and well. It stretched from the Atlantic Ocean north of Maine west to the Great Lakes, and later south to the Gulf of Mexico. The French had come seeking a western route to Asia. New York City is famous as a worldwide center of trade. Its buisinesslike roots reach back to 1624, when the governor of a Dutch colony bought Manhattan Island from local Indians. The Dutch built a trading post there called New Amsterdam. It was the headquarters of the New Netherland colony. The log cabin is the symbol of frontier life. Hardy pioneers built these homes across the American west. But if not for the colonists of New Sweden, the log cabin may never have existed in North America. Check inside for more details on North America's little-known colonies, their lasting contributions, and why their names have changed through time.