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Universal Service Obligations In Utility Concession Contracts And The Needs Of The Poor In Argentinas Privatizations
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Book Synopsis Universal Service Obligations in Utility Concession Contracts and the Needs of the Poor in Argentina's Privatizations by : Omar O. Chisari
Download or read book Universal Service Obligations in Utility Concession Contracts and the Needs of the Poor in Argentina's Privatizations written by Omar O. Chisari and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The structural changes that come with privatization may induce a reconsideration of the regulations defined during the early stages of privatization"--Cover.
Book Synopsis Universal Service Obligations in Utility Concession Contracts and the Needs of the Poor in Argentina's Privatizations by : Antonio Estache
Download or read book Universal Service Obligations in Utility Concession Contracts and the Needs of the Poor in Argentina's Privatizations written by Antonio Estache and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The structural changes that come with privatization may induce a reconsideration of the regulations defined during the early stages of privatization.Chisari and Estache summarize the main lessons emerging from Argentina's experience, including universal service obligations in concession contracts. They discuss free-riding risks, moral hazard problems, and other issues that arise when social concerns are delegated to private operators.After reporting on Argentina's experience, Chisari and Estache suggest ome guidelines:middot; Anticipate interjurisdictional externalities. Users' mobility makes targeting service obligations difficult.middot; Minimize the risks imposed by elusive demand. In providing new services, a gradual policy may work better than a shock.middot; Realize that unemployment leads to delinquency and lower expected tariffs. Elasticity of fixed and usage charges is important.middot; Deal with the fact that the poor have limited access to credit. Ultimately, plans that included credit for the payment of infrastructure charges were not that successful.middot; Coordinate regulatory, employment, and social policy. One successful plan to provide universal service involved employing workers from poor families in infrastructure extension works.middot; Beware of the latent opportunism of users who benefit from special programs. Special treatment of a sector may encourage free-riding (for example, pensioners overused the telephone until a limit was placed on the number of subsidized phone calls they could make).middot; Fixed allocations for payment of services do not ensure that universal service obligations will be met. How do you deal with the problem that many pensioners do not pay their bills?middot; Anticipate that operators will have more information than regulators do. If companies exaggerate supply costs in remote areas, direct interaction with poor users there may lead to the selection of more cost-effective technologies.middot; Tailored programs are often much more effective than standardized programs. They are clearly more expensive but, when demand-driven, are also more effective.This paper - a product of Governance, Regulation, and Finance, World Bank Institute - is part of a larger effort in the institute to increase understanding of infrastructure regulation. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].
Book Synopsis Market Access Bargaining in the Uruguay Round by : J. M. Finger
Download or read book Market Access Bargaining in the Uruguay Round written by J. M. Finger and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Uruguay Round tariff negotiations did not achieve a country-by-country balancing of concessions received. How governments bargained was determined less by their national interets than by the interests of their politically important industrial constituencies.
Book Synopsis Corruption, Infrastructure Management and Public–Private Partnership by : Mohammad Heydari
Download or read book Corruption, Infrastructure Management and Public–Private Partnership written by Mohammad Heydari and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-10-28 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public–Private Partnerships (PPP or 3Ps) allow the public sector to seek alternative funding and expertise from the private sector during procurement processes. Such partnerships, if executed with due diligence, often benefit the public immensely. Unfortunately, Public–Private Partnerships can be vulnerable to corruption. This book looks at what measures we can put in place to check corruption during procurement and what good governance strategies the public sector can adopt to improve the performance of 3Ps. The book applies mathematical models to analyze 3Ps. It uses game theory to study the interaction and dynamics between the stakeholders and suggests strategies to reduce corruption risks in various 3Ps stages. The authors explain through game theory-based simulation how governments can adopt a evaluating process at the start of each procurement to weed out undesirable private partners and why the government should take a more proactive approach. Using a methodological framework rooted in mathematical models to illustrate how we can combat institutional corruption, this book is a helpful reference for anyone interested in public policymaking and public infrastructure management.
Book Synopsis Reforming Infrastructure by : Ioannis Nicolaos Kessides
Download or read book Reforming Infrastructure written by Ioannis Nicolaos Kessides and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electricity, natural gas, telecommunications, railways, and water supply, are often vertically and horizontally integrated state monopolies. This results in weak services, especially in developing and transition economies, and for poor people. Common problems include low productivity, high costs, bad quality, insufficient revenue, and investment shortfalls. Many countries over the past two decades have restructured, privatized and regulated their infrastructure. This report identifies the challenges involved in this massive policy redirection. It also assesses the outcomes of these changes, as well as their distributional consequences for poor households and other disadvantaged groups. It recommends directions for future reforms and research to improve infrastructure performance, identifying pricing policies that strike a balance between economic efficiency and social equity, suggesting rules governing access to bottleneck infrastructure facilities, and proposing ways to increase poor people's access to these crucial services.
Book Synopsis When is Gowth Pro-poor? by : Martin Ravallion
Download or read book When is Gowth Pro-poor? written by Martin Ravallion and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: December 1999 - Nonfarm economic growth in India had very different effects on poverty in different states. Nonfarm growth was least effective at reducing poverty in states where initial conditions were poor in terms of rural development and human resources. Among initial conditions conducive to pro-poor growth, literacy plays a notably positive role. Ravallion and Datt use 20 household surveys for India's 15 major states, spanning 1960-94, to study how initial conditions and the sectoral composition of economic growth interact to influence how much economic growth reduced poverty. The elasticities of measured poverty to farm yields and development spending did not differ significantly across states. But the elasticities of poverty to (urban and rural) nonfarm output varied appreciably, and the differences were quantitatively important to the overall rate of poverty reduction. States with initially lower farm productivity, lower rural living standards relative to those in urban areas, and lower literacy experienced a less pro-poor growth process. This paper - a joint product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group, and the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, South Asia Region - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to better understand the conditions required for pro-poor growth. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].
Book Synopsis Index to International Statistics by :
Download or read book Index to International Statistics written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sustaining Urban Networks by : Olivier Coutard
Download or read book Sustaining Urban Networks written by Olivier Coutard and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considering sustainability in its economic, environmental and social contexts, the contributors take stock of previous research on large technical systems and discuss their sustainability from three main perspectives: uses, cities, and rules and institutions.
Book Synopsis Infrastructure for Poor People by : Penelope J. Brook
Download or read book Infrastructure for Poor People written by Penelope J. Brook and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last two decades many governments have allowed private companies to offer infrastructure services which were previously provided only by state-owned businesses. In some cases they have privatized state-owned business and in others, they have permitted private firms to invest in and operate those businesses under lease contracts or long-term concessions. In still other instances, private firms have been allowed to compete alongside former government monopolists. 'Infrastructure for Poor People' examines the data on infrastructure and the poor in developing countries, and discusses how policies, centered on private provision, can address their needs. It focuses on the design of government policy for the provision of infrastructure services by private firms, highlighting the rules determining which firms can sell infrastructure services, the prices they can charge, the quality of service they must offer, and any subsidies provided by the government.
Book Synopsis Geographical Disadvantage by : Anthony Venables
Download or read book Geographical Disadvantage written by Anthony Venables and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What effect does distance have on costs for economies at different locations? Exports and imports of final and intermediate goods bear transport costs that increase with distance. Production and trade depend on factor endowments and factor intensities as well as on distance and the transport intensities of different goods"--Cover.
Book Synopsis Utility Privatization and the Needs of the Poor in Latin America by : Antonio Estache
Download or read book Utility Privatization and the Needs of the Poor in Latin America written by Antonio Estache and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do Latin America's poor households lose from the privatization of infrastructure? How can policymakers minimize the risk of losses while promoting competition and private financing of infrastructure?
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Distress in East Asian Financial Institutions by : Paola Bongini
Download or read book The Political Economy of Distress in East Asian Financial Institutions written by Paola Bongini and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In the East Asian crisis, "connections" - with industrial groups or influential families - increased the probability of distress for financial institutions. Connections also made closure more, not less, likely, suggesting that the closure processes themselves were transparent. But larger institutions, although more likely to be distressed, were less likely to be closed, suggesting a "too big to fail" policy"--Cover.
Book Synopsis Revenue Recycling and the Welfare Effects of Road Pricing by : Ian Parry
Download or read book Revenue Recycling and the Welfare Effects of Road Pricing written by Ian Parry and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The presence of preexisting tax distortions, and the form of revenue recycling, can crucially affect the size -- and possibly even the sign -- of the welfare effect of road pricing schemes. The efficiency gains from recycling congestion tax revenues in other tax reductions can amount to several times the Pigouvian welfare gains from congestion reduction"--Cover.
Book Synopsis Productivity Growth, Capital Accumulation, and the Banking Sector by : Ejaz Ghani
Download or read book Productivity Growth, Capital Accumulation, and the Banking Sector written by Ejaz Ghani and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "How did the East Asian miracle turn into one of the worst financial crises of the century? A case study of Malaysia provides some answers"--Cover.
Book Synopsis Public Private Partnerships for Urban Water Utilities by : Philippe Marin
Download or read book Public Private Partnerships for Urban Water Utilities written by Philippe Marin and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-09-22 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Public-Private Partnerships for Urban Water Utilities: A Review of Experiences in Developing Countries' analyzes the market growth of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the developing world since 1990, and the performance of more than 65 large water PPP projects representing more than 100 million people for access, service quality, operational efficiency, and tariff levels. Although a relatively small portion of the water utilities in the developing world are operated under PPPs (about 7 percent in 2007), the urban population served by private water operators has grown every year since 1990. Despite many difficulties encountered by PPP projects and a few contract terminations, a large majority of contracts awarded since 1990 are still in place. The track record for improving service and efficiency reaffirms the value of PPPs to help turn around poorly performing water utilities, even though the level of private financing did not match initial expectations. Over time, a more realistic market has developed, the number of private investors from developing countries has grown, and contract designs have become more pragmatic concerning risk allocations between partners. The water sector has many features that set it apart from other infrastructure sectors. This book suggests the need for careful consideration of those specificities to successfully involve private operators. Although concessions with private financing have worked in a few places, contractual arrangements that combine private operation with public financing appear to be the most sustainable option in many countries. Policy makers, stakeholders, and donors need to remain heavily engaged in the water sector, especially in the poorest countries and during a global financial crisis. This book contributes to a better understanding of the various options to tackle the many challenges of providing water and sanitation services to urban populations in the developing world.
Book Synopsis Focusing Partnerships by : Janelle Plummer
Download or read book Focusing Partnerships written by Janelle Plummer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the increasing occurrence of policies aimed at mobilising the financial and human resources of the private sector, most urban local governments responsible for urban basic services in the South do not have the capacity to initiate and sustain partnerships. Nor do they understand how they can create partnerships that target the poor. This sourcebook provides practical information and guidance to do so. With extensive illustrative material from Africa, Asia and Latin America, it sets out a strategic framework for building municipal capacity to create pro-poor partnerships. It focuses on implementation rather than policy. It locates private sector participation within the broader urban governance and poverty reduction agenda. And it is above all concerned to supply information on the issues and processes involved in making the public?private partnership (PPP) approach appropriate for service delivery in developing countries. The second in a series of capacity-building sourcebooks, it will be invaluable for those concerned with the capacity of local levels of government: policy-makers, municipal authorities, development agencies and practitioners, and all those involved in urban governance and poverty reduction.
Book Synopsis Infrastructure, Geographical Disadvantage and Transport Costs by : Nuno Limão
Download or read book Infrastructure, Geographical Disadvantage and Transport Costs written by Nuno Limão and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The median landlocked country has only 30 percent of the trade volume of the median coastal economy. Halving transport costs increases that trade volume by a factor of five. Improving the standard of infrastructure from that of the bottom quarter of countries to that of the median country increases trade by 50 percent. Improving infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa is especially important for increasing African trade"--Cover.
