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Unemployment Duration Job Search And Labor Market Segmentation Evidence From Urban Ethiopia
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Book Synopsis Unemployment Duration, Job Search and Labor Market Segmentation - Evidence from Urban Ethiopia by : Pieter M. Serneels
Download or read book Unemployment Duration, Job Search and Labor Market Segmentation - Evidence from Urban Ethiopia written by Pieter M. Serneels and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although it is a common theoretical assumption that the chances to find a job fall with time in unemployment, this is not systematically confirmed by empirical evidence, and there is no evidence for developing countries. Using a standard job search model we test the two main explanations why we may observe non-negative duration dependence while genuine duration dependence is negative, namely financial support for the unemployed and a change in the economy over time. We also identify a third explanation which may be relevant especially for developing countries, namely that the labor market is segmented, and extend the classic job search model. Using data for urban Ethiopia we first show that the observed hazard does not fall with time in unemployment for the majority of spells after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. Using the tests developed from the model we can reject the classic explanations and find supportive evidence that labor market segmentation explains observed non-negative duration dependence, as searching for bad job lifts the hazard over time. Our findings underline the potential importance of labor market segmentation, especially in developing countries, and in particular in the presence of a large public sector.
Book Synopsis Unemployment Duration, Job Search and Labour Market Segmentation by : Pieter Serneels
Download or read book Unemployment Duration, Job Search and Labour Market Segmentation written by Pieter Serneels and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mobility and Earnings in Ethiopia's Urban Labor Markets by : Arne Bigsten
Download or read book Mobility and Earnings in Ethiopia's Urban Labor Markets written by Arne Bigsten and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of panel data on individuals in a random selection of urban households in Ethiopia reveals large, sustained, and unexplained earnings gaps between public and private, and formal and informal sectors over the period 1994-2004. The authors have no formal evidence whether these gaps reflect segmentation of the labor market along either of these divides. In other words, they cannot show whether they are at least in part due to impediments to entry in the higher wage sector. But they do have evidence that, if segmentation explains any part of the observed earnings gaps, then it could only have weakened over the survey decade. The authors find, first, that the rate of mobility increased between the two pairs of sectors. Sample transition rates grew across survey waves, while state dependence in sector choice decreased. Second, the sensitivity of sector choice to earnings gaps increased over the same period. In particular, the role of comparative earnings in selection into the informal sector was evident throughout the survey decade and increased in magnitude over the second half of the period.
Book Synopsis The Nature of Unemployment Among Young Men in Urban Ethiopia by : Pieter M. Serneels
Download or read book The Nature of Unemployment Among Young Men in Urban Ethiopia written by Pieter M. Serneels and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the nature of unemployment among young men in urban Ethiopia and finds that it is concentrated among relatively well-educated first-time job seekers who aspire to a public sector job and spend on average close to four years in unemployment. This is consistent with a segmented labor market model where youngsters queue in unemployment for a good job, as confirmed by an empirical test of the theoretical prediction. We observe a negative (causal) relationship between household welfare and both the incidence and duration of unemployment, indicating that unemployment is concentrated among the relatively worse off urban households, which from a national perspective represent the middle classes, and find suggestive evidence that part of this effect is due to malnutrition during childhood. Job search through social networks is only effective after one has become unemployed, suggesting that networks provide insurance only after exposure to the risk.
Book Synopsis The Formation of Job Referral Networks by : Antonio Stefano Caria
Download or read book The Formation of Job Referral Networks written by Antonio Stefano Caria and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2013-09-05 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ethiopia written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report focuses on a central element of Ethiopia's challenge: the urban labor market. The headlines, which are detailed in the report, are dramatic, and include the following: open unemployment has been persistently high and average duration is long, though recent trends suggest improved performance. There is a significant segmentation-two relatively privileged sector in the public and formal private sectors, a massive informal sector and a large stock of unemployed. Individual transitions across these states have increased over time, but remain relatively limited. Formal sector employment in urban areas is dominated by the state and manufacturing sector employment remains among the lowest in the world. The majority of those who are working in urban areas are engaged in informal sector activity, typically as a last resort but also as a persistent state. Average wages are low, especially for the unskilled and in the informal sector, but productivity is also very low. Women are especially disadvantaged in the labor market-and typically face worse outcomes with higher levels of unemployment, lower wages, and a greater concentration in the informal sector. Many youth seem to enter the labor market through low quality jobs in the informal sector or into unemployment. The structure of this report is as follows. Volume I synthesizes the emerging findings and policy implications while Volume 2 presents a series of thematic chapters which summarize the underlying background work. In this volume the next chapter sets the stage for the analysis by clarifying the metrics of the key labor market indicators. Chapter 3 looks at the structure of urban labor markets and what has hindered their ability to generate jobs despite the acceleration of growth in the last few years. Chapter 4 focuses on the challenge of urban unemployment, while Chapter 5 looks at the effects of migration on urban labor markets. The final chapter in this volume reviews the emerging policy agenda.
Book Synopsis Youth in Africa's Labor Market by : Marito H. Garcia
Download or read book Youth in Africa's Labor Market written by Marito H. Garcia and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-04-01 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors examine the challenges facing Africa's youth in their transition from school to working life, and propose a policy framework for meeting these challenges. Topics covered include the effect of education on employment and income, broadening employment opportunities, and enhancing youth capabilities. The book includes a CD-ROM of case studies of four countries and household data on 13 countries.
Book Synopsis Ethiopia - Urban Labor Markets by : Weltbank
Download or read book Ethiopia - Urban Labor Markets written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report focuses on a central element of Ethiopia's challenge: the urban labor market. The headlines, which are detailed in the report, are dramatic, and include the following: open unemployment has been persistently high and average duration is long, though recent trends suggest improved performance. There is a significant segmentation-two relatively privileged sector in the public and formal private sectors, a massive informal sector and a large stock of unemployed. Individual transitions across these states have increased over time, but remain relatively limited. Formal sector employment in urban areas is dominated by the state and manufacturing sector employment remains among the lowest in the world. The majority of those who are working in urban areas are engaged in informal sector activity, typically as a last resort but also as a persistent state. Average wages are low, especially for the unskilled and in the informal sector, but productivity is also very low. Women are especially disadvantaged in the labor market-and typically face worse outcomes with higher levels of unemployment, lower wages, and a greater concentration in the informal sector. Many youth seem to enter the labor market through low quality jobs in the informal sector or into unemployment. The structure of this report is as follows. Volume I synthesizes the emerging findings and policy implications while Volume 2 presents a series of thematic chapters which summarize the underlying background work. In this volume the next chapter sets the stage for the analysis by clarifying the metrics of the key labor market indicators. Chapter 3 looks at the structure of urban labor markets and what has hindered their ability to generate jobs despite the acceleration of growth in the last few years. Chapter 4 focuses on the challenge of urban unemployment, while Chapter 5 looks at the effects of migration on urban labor markets. The final chapter in this volume reviews the emerging policy agenda.
Book Synopsis The Labor Market and Economic Adjustment by : Pierre-Richard Agénor
Download or read book The Labor Market and Economic Adjustment written by Pierre-Richard Agénor and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-11-01 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the role of the labor market in the transmission process of adjustment policies in developing countries. It begins by reviewing the recent evidence regarding the functioning of these markets. It then studies the implications of wage inertia, nominal contracts, labor market segmentation, and impediments to labor mobility for stabilization policies. The effect of labor market reforms on economic flexibility and the channels through which labor market imperfections alter the effects of structural adjustment measures are discussed next. The last part of the paper identifies a variety of issues that may require further investigation, such as the link between changes in relative wages and the distributional effects of adjustment policies.
Book Synopsis Education, Productivity, and Inequality by : John B. Knight
Download or read book Education, Productivity, and Inequality written by John B. Knight and published by World Bank. This book was released on 1990 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between resources devoted to education and the economy of developing nations is explored. The research seeks to understand if and how investment in education translates into increased economic growth and labor productivity. Additionally, the function of education in reducing various dimensions of economic inequality is examined. The two East African nations that are the study's focus, Kenya and Tanzania, have similar levels of income, but they differ markedly in their public policy toward the provision of secondary education and thus in the educational attainment of the labor force. The research findings provide strong backing for the human capital paradigm: educational expansion is shown to raise labor productivity. The results also show that making education less scarce diminishes inequality in access to education and in income. Numerous figures and tables of data appear throughout this volume; a list of 170 references is included. (DB)
Book Synopsis Small Scale Labour Market Assessment in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The Case of Selected WISE Implementing Area by : Chala Dechasa
Download or read book Small Scale Labour Market Assessment in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The Case of Selected WISE Implementing Area written by Chala Dechasa and published by . This book was released on 2022-04-22 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Academic Paper from the year 2022 in the subject Economics - Job market economics, Haramaya University (Peace and Development Studies), language: English, abstract: Understanding the labor market and company opportunities is critical for connecting job searchers to the workplace. As a result, the purpose of this survey was to evaluate the small-scale labor market in Addis Ababa's Lideta and Akaki sub-cities. The study's findings will include a detailed description of the main characteristics of Addis Ababa's labor market, including women's, men's, and returnees. The study will detail the structure and trends of employment and unemployment in Addis Ababa, with a focus on women and men who are unemployed. It will serve as a foundation for future programming in various intervention areas and will aid knowledge of critical aspects of the broader labor market situation, ranging from skill areas with market demand to the types of jobs available. The study aimed to identify key inputs for designing WISE initiatives in the labor market, capacity building, poverty reduction, and future employment, as well as an assessment of economic, social, and technical market growth factors. Finally, WISE expects the findings to serve as the cornerstone for the creation of market-relevant skill training provisions. The study has the following specific objectives: to provide a reliable overview of current labour market trends and a snapshot of business, as well as an overview assessment of economic, social, and technical drivers of market growth, to determine the relevance of skills training courses offered in WISE to market needs and to assess immediate needs of unemployed youth and/or graduate.
Book Synopsis Mobility and Earnings in Ethiopia's Urban Labor Markets, 1994-2004 by : Arne Bigsten
Download or read book Mobility and Earnings in Ethiopia's Urban Labor Markets, 1994-2004 written by Arne Bigsten and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of panel data on individuals in a random selection of urban households in Ethiopia reveals large, sustained, and unexplained earnings gaps between public and private, and formal and informal sectors over the period 1994-2004. The authors have no formal evidence whether these gaps reflect segmentation of the labor market along either of these divides. In other words, they cannot show whether they are at least in part due to impediments to entry in the higher wage sector. But they do have evidence that, if segmentation explains any part of the observed earnings gaps, then it could only have weakened over the survey decade. The authors find, first, that the rate of mobility increased between the two pairs of sectors. Sample transition rates grew across survey waves, while state dependence in sector choice decreased. Second, the sensitivity of sector choice to earnings gaps increased over the same period. In particular, the role of comparative earnings in selection into the informal sector was evident throughout the survey decade and increased in magnitude over the second half of the period.
Book Synopsis Labour-market Participation and Unemployment by : J. F. Hofmeyr
Download or read book Labour-market Participation and Unemployment written by J. F. Hofmeyr and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mobility and Earnings in Ethiopia's Urban Labor Markets by : Arne Bigsten
Download or read book Mobility and Earnings in Ethiopia's Urban Labor Markets written by Arne Bigsten and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of panel data on individuals in a random selection of urban households in Ethiopia reveals large, sustained, and unexplained earnings gaps between public and private, and formal and informal sectors over the period 1994-2004. The authors have no formal evidence whether these gaps reflect segmentation of the labor market along either of these divides. In other words, they cannot show whether they are at least in part due to impediments to entry in the higher wage sector. But they do have evidence that, if segmentation explains any part of the observed earnings gaps, then it could only have weakened over the survey decade. The authors find, first, that the rate of mobility increased between the two pairs of sectors. Sample transition rates grew across survey waves, while state dependence in sector choice decreased. Second, the sensitivity of sector choice to earnings gaps increased over the same period. In particular, the role of comparative earnings in selection into the informal sector was evident throughout the survey decade and increased in magnitude over the second half of the period.
Book Synopsis Do they come back again? : Job search, labour market segmentation and state dependence as explanations of repeat unemployment by : Rudolf Winter-Ebmer
Download or read book Do they come back again? : Job search, labour market segmentation and state dependence as explanations of repeat unemployment written by Rudolf Winter-Ebmer and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Employment and Unemployment in Ethiopia by : Exploratory Employment Policy Mission to Ethiopia
Download or read book Employment and Unemployment in Ethiopia written by Exploratory Employment Policy Mission to Ethiopia and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ILO pub-WEP pub. Mission report of an ILO Mission to study employment and unemployment in Ethiopia - presents forecasts of economic growth and employment prospects to 1990, covers education and labour force, agriculture and rural development, urban area and rural employment employment opportunity creation, the land tenure system, women and the woman worker, employment in manufacturing, etc., and includes recommendations for major macroeconomic policy reform. Map, references and statistical tables.
Book Synopsis Essentials of Advanced Macroeconomic Theory by : Ola Olsson
Download or read book Essentials of Advanced Macroeconomic Theory written by Ola Olsson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03-01 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trying to summarize the essentials of macroeconomic theory in the wake of the financial crisis that has shaken not only Western economies but also the macroeconomic profession is no easy task. In particular, the notion that markets are self-correcting and always in equilibrium appears to have taken a heavy blow. However, the jury is still out on which areas should be considered as failures and what which constitute the future of research. The overall aim of this text is to provide a compact overview of the contributions that are currently regarded as the most important for macroeconomic analysis and to equip the reader with the essential theoretical knowledge that all advanced students in macroeconomics should be acquainted with. The result is a compact text that should act as the perfect complement to further study of macroeconomics: an introduction to the key concepts discussed in the journal literature and suitable for students from upper undergraduate level through to PhD courses.
