Understanding The Underlying Social Maternal And Environmental Risk Factors For The Development Of Overweight And Obesity From Birth To Adolescence

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Understanding the Underlying Social, Maternal, and Environmental Risk Factors for the Development of Overweight and Obesity from Birth to Adolescence

Author : Margaret Mochon Demment
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (913 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding the Underlying Social, Maternal, and Environmental Risk Factors for the Development of Overweight and Obesity from Birth to Adolescence by : Margaret Mochon Demment

Download or read book Understanding the Underlying Social, Maternal, and Environmental Risk Factors for the Development of Overweight and Obesity from Birth to Adolescence written by Margaret Mochon Demment and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background The relationship between changes in family socioeconomic status (SES) and the development of obesity in childhood is unknown. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between growth and two measures of SES change in childhood: family income trajectory and early-life food insecurity, and whether SES modified the relationship between the school nutrition and physical activity (N & PA) environment and growth during middle school, 6th to 8th grade. Methods This longitudinal research employed a birth cohort (n=595) located in rural New York State, followed from birth to 15 years. Data were collected through an audit of medical records, mailed questionnaires, and an assessment of the middle school N & PA environments. Family income and body mass index (BMI) z-score trajectories were created using latent-class modeling techniques to group children based on similar trends across time. Linear mixed models were used to estimate rate change in BMI zscore. Results 1. Children with poorer income trajectories were more likely to be in overweight and obese trajectories. Children who were persistently low-income were more likely to be in the overweight-stable BMI trajectory, and downwardly mobile children were more likely to be in the obese BMI trajectory. 2. The association between food insecurity and growth status varied across time. Foodinsecure children had a lower estimated BMI z-score in early childhood compared to food-secure children, but their elevated rate of growth during childhood resulted in a higher estimated BMI z-score by the age of 15 compared to food-secure children. 3. The association between the school environment and change in BMI z-score depended on income trajectory. Specifically, reductions in BMI z-score were associated with better physical education and general physical activity promotion environments among adolescents with unstable and persistent low-income trajectories. Conclusion Low SES trajectories and food insecurity were positively associated with the development of overweight and obesity in complex ways across childhood. Depending on an adolescent's income trajectory, better middle school environments for physical activity were associated with decreased obesity risk.

Obesity Before Birth

Author : Robert H Lustig
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441970347
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Obesity Before Birth by : Robert H Lustig

Download or read book Obesity Before Birth written by Robert H Lustig and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-23 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume will explore the epidemiology and the basic mechanisms of each of these prenatal phenomena, in an attempt to explain the role of the prenatal environment in promoting postnatal weight gain. This information will contribute to resolving the nature-nurture controversy. This information provides guidance to clinical practitioners involved in both prenatal and postnatal care. This volume further stimulates research into underlying mechanisms and prevention and treatment of this phenomenon.

Epidemiology of Obesity in Children and Adolescents

Author : Luis A. Moreno
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441960392
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Epidemiology of Obesity in Children and Adolescents by : Luis A. Moreno

Download or read book Epidemiology of Obesity in Children and Adolescents written by Luis A. Moreno and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-12 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite adults’ best preventive efforts, childhood obesity is on the rise in most areas of the world, and with it the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and other formerly adult-onset conditions. Epidemiology of Obesity in Children and Adolescents takes the global ecological approach that is needed to understand the scope of the problem and its multiple causes and mechanisms, and to aid in developing more effective prevention and intervention programs. In the book’s first half, experts present a descriptive summary of youth obesity trends in ten world regions, broken down by age group, gender, socioeconomic status, and risk factors. Complementing these findings, part two reviews the evidence base regarding the variables, separately and in combination, having the most significant impact on young people’s development of obesity, including: • Genetic and nutrigenomic factors. • Environmental and psychosocial factors, such as family shopping and eating habits and access to healthful foods. • Neuroendocrine regulation. • Prenatal and neonatal factors (e.g., gestational diabetes of the mother). • Dietary factors, from nutrient content to young people’s food preferences. • Physical activity versus sedentary behavior. Epidemiology of Obesity in Children and Adolescents is necessary reading for the range of professionals involved in curtailing this epidemic, including public health specialists, epidemiologists, pediatricians, nurses, nutritionists, psychologists, health educators, and policymakers.

Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence

Author : H. Dele Davies
Publisher : Greenwood Publishing Group
ISBN 13 : 9780275996154
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (961 download)

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Book Synopsis Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence by : H. Dele Davies

Download or read book Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence written by H. Dele Davies and published by Greenwood Publishing Group. This book was released on 2008 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pt. 1. Social and behavioral development :; Risk factors for obesity in early human development /; John Worobey --; Role of physical activity in obesity prevention /; James M. Pivarnik --; Childhood overweight and academic achievement /; Sara Gable, Jnnifer L. Krull, Arathi Srikanta --; Adiposiy and internalizing problems: infancy to middle childhood /; Robert H. Bradley, Renate Houts, Phillip R. Nader, Marion O'Brien, Jay Belsky, and Robert Crosnoe --; Food marketing goes online: A content analysis of web sites for children /; Elizabeth S. Moore --; Families and obesity: a family process approach to obesity in adolescents /; Matthew P. Thorpe, Randal D. Day ;; Pt. 2. Individual differeces and ethnic variation :; Responding to the epidemic of American Indian and Alaska Native childhood obesity /; Paul Spicer, Kelly Moore --; Obesity in African Americans and Latino Americans /; Helen D. Pratt, Manmohan Kamboj, Robin Joseph ;; Pt. 3. Prevention and intervention :; Managing the overweight child /; Ihuoma Eneli, Karah Daniels Mantinan --; Parents as the primary target for healthy eating among young children /; Mildred A. Horodynski, Kami J. Silk, Michelle Henry --; Surgical treatment for obesity /; Jeff M. Gauvin --; Ethical considerations related to obesity intervention /; Leonard M. Fleck, Karen A. Petersmarck.

Childhood Obesity

Author : Michael I. Goran
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498720668
Total Pages : 525 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Childhood Obesity by : Michael I. Goran

Download or read book Childhood Obesity written by Michael I. Goran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and continues to increase in prevalence in almost all countries in which it has been studied, including developed and developing countries around the globe. The causes of obesity are complex and multi-factorial. Childhood obesity becomes a life-long problem in most cases and is associated with long term chronic disease risk for a variety of diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as psychosocial as issues and obesity seems to affect almost every organ system in the body. In recent years there has been tremendous progress in the understanding of this problem and in strategies for prevention and treatment in the pediatric years. Childhood Obesity: Causes, Consequences, and Intervention Approaches presents current reviews on the complex problem of obesity from the multi-level causes throughout early life before adulthood and the implications for this for long-term disease risk. It reviews numerous types of strategies that have been used to address this issue from conventional clinical management to global policy strategies attempting to modify the global landscape of food, nutrition, and physical activity. Each chapter is written by a global authority in his or her respective field with a focus on reviewing the current status and recent developments. The book features information on contributing factors to obesity, including developmental origins, social/family, birth cohort studies, influence of ethnicity, and global perspectives. It takes a life-course approach to the subject matter and includes exhaustive treatment of contributing factors to childhood obesity, such as assessment, environmental factors, nutrition and dietary factors, host factors, interventions and treatment, consequences, and further action for future prevention. This broad range of topics relevant to the rapidly changing field of childhood obesity is suitable for students, health care professionals, physicians, and researchers.

Geographies of Obesity

Author : Karen Witten
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317129105
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

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Book Synopsis Geographies of Obesity by : Karen Witten

Download or read book Geographies of Obesity written by Karen Witten and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades, rates of adult and childhood obesity in the developed world have risen sharply. By the year 2000, 65% of the United States population were overweight, 30% of these obese. Whilst medical treatment has tended to focus on individual habits of diet and exercise, this approach does little to account for globally increasing levels of obesity, and the external, environmental factors that may be responsible. This in-depth study assembles the evidence for a geographical explanation of current obesity trends, and is the first work to examine the ways in which environment and living conditions promote an imbalance of energy intake over energy expenditure. The book calls upon the expertise of geographers, nutritionists, epidemiologists, sociologists and public health researchers, resulting in a broad, multidisciplinary analysis of this important health issue. Cover graphic designed by Georgia Witten-Sage.

Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309210283
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-10-31 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity is a serious health problem that has adverse and long-lasting consequences for individuals, families, and communities. The magnitude of the problem has increased dramatically during the last three decades and, despite some indications of a plateau in this growth, the numbers remain stubbornly high. Efforts to prevent childhood obesity to date have focused largely on school-aged children, with relatively little attention to children under age 5. However, there is a growing awareness that efforts to prevent childhood obesity must begin before children ever enter the school system. Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies reviews factors related to overweight and obese children from birth to age 5, with a focus on nutrition, physical activity, and sedentary behavior, and recommends policies that can alter children's environments to promote the maintenance of healthy weight. Because the first years of life are important to health and well-being throughout the life span, preventing obesity in infants and young children can contribute to reversing the epidemic of obesity in children and adults. The book recommends that health care providers make parents aware of their child's excess weight early. It also suggests that parents and child care providers keep children active throughout the day, provide them with healthy diets, limit screen time, and ensure children get adequate sleep. In addition to providing comprehensive solutions to tackle the problem of obesity in infants and young children, Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies identifies potential actions that could be taken to implement those recommendations. The recommendations can inform the decisions of state and local child care regulators, child care providers, health care providers, directors of federal and local child care and nutrition programs, and government officials at all levels.

Understanding Childhood Obesity

Author : J. Clinton Smith
Publisher : Univ. Press of Mississippi
ISBN 13 : 9781578061334
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Childhood Obesity by : J. Clinton Smith

Download or read book Understanding Childhood Obesity written by J. Clinton Smith and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 1999 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clear explanation of causes, diagnosis, and treatment of childhood obesity

Energy Balance and Obesity

Author : Isabelle Romieu
Publisher : IARC Working Group Report
ISBN 13 : 9789283225195
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (251 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Balance and Obesity by : Isabelle Romieu

Download or read book Energy Balance and Obesity written by Isabelle Romieu and published by IARC Working Group Report. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the relationship between energy balance and obesity is essential to develop effective prevention programs and policies. The International Agency for Research on Cancer convened a Working Group of world-leading experts in December 2015 to review the evidence regarding energy balance and obesity, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries, and to consider the following scientific questions: (i) Are the drivers of the obesity epidemic related only to energy excess and/or do specific foods or nutrients play a major role in this epidemic? (ii) What are the factors that modulate these associations? (iii) Which types of data and/or studies will further improve our understanding? This book provides summaries of the evidence from the literature as well as the Working Group's conclusions and recommendations to tackle the global epidemic of obesity.

Examining a Developmental Approach to Childhood Obesity

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030937698X
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Examining a Developmental Approach to Childhood Obesity by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Examining a Developmental Approach to Childhood Obesity written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-08 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent scientific evidence points to the origins of childhood obesity as an outcome of the dynamic interplay of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors throughout early development, with a compelling body of evidence suggesting that both maternal and paternal nutritional and other exposures affect a child's risk of later obesity. The burgeoning field of epigenetics has led researchers to speculate that many of the observed associations between early developmental exposures and later risk of childhood obesity are mediated, at least in part, through epigenetic mechanisms. To explore the body of evolving science that examines the nexus of biology, environment, and developmental stage on risk of childhood obesity, the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council convened a workshop in February 2015. The workshop focused on the prenatal period, infancy, and early childhood and addressed evidence from both animal and human studies. Workshop objectives were to (1) identify epigenetic-mediated relationships between exposure to risk factors during sensitive periods of development (gestation through age 3) and subsequent obesity-related outcomes; (2) explore the science around periods of plasticity and potential reversibility of obesity risk in the context of early childhood development; and (3) examine the translation of epigenetic science to guide early childhood obesity prevention and intervention to reduce obesity risk. This report summarizes the information presented and discussed at the workshop.

Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence

Author : H. Dele Davies
Publisher : Greenwood
ISBN 13 : 9780275996154
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (961 download)

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Book Synopsis Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence by : H. Dele Davies

Download or read book Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence written by H. Dele Davies and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 2008 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pt. 1. Social and behavioral development :; Risk factors for obesity in early human development /; John Worobey --; Role of physical activity in obesity prevention /; James M. Pivarnik --; Childhood overweight and academic achievement /; Sara Gable, Jnnifer L. Krull, Arathi Srikanta --; Adiposiy and internalizing problems: infancy to middle childhood /; Robert H. Bradley, Renate Houts, Phillip R. Nader, Marion O'Brien, Jay Belsky, and Robert Crosnoe --; Food marketing goes online: A content analysis of web sites for children /; Elizabeth S. Moore --; Families and obesity: a family process approach to obesity in adolescents /; Matthew P. Thorpe, Randal D. Day ;; Pt. 2. Individual differeces and ethnic variation :; Responding to the epidemic of American Indian and Alaska Native childhood obesity /; Paul Spicer, Kelly Moore --; Obesity in African Americans and Latino Americans /; Helen D. Pratt, Manmohan Kamboj, Robin Joseph ;; Pt. 3. Prevention and intervention :; Managing the overweight child /; Ihuoma Eneli, Karah Daniels Mantinan --; Parents as the primary target for healthy eating among young children /; Mildred A. Horodynski, Kami J. Silk, Michelle Henry --; Surgical treatment for obesity /; Jeff M. Gauvin --; Ethical considerations related to obesity intervention /; Leonard M. Fleck, Karen A. Petersmarck.

Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309101964
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-12-07 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past century, we have made great strides in reducing rates of disease and enhancing people's general health. Public health measures such as sanitation, improved hygiene, and vaccines; reduced hazards in the workplace; new drugs and clinical procedures; and, more recently, a growing understanding of the human genome have each played a role in extending the duration and raising the quality of human life. But research conducted over the past few decades shows us that this progress, much of which was based on investigating one causative factor at a time—often, through a single discipline or by a narrow range of practitioners—can only go so far. Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment examines a number of well-described gene-environment interactions, reviews the state of the science in researching such interactions, and recommends priorities not only for research itself but also for its workforce, resource, and infrastructural needs.

The Promise of Adolescence

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309490111
Total Pages : 493 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis The Promise of Adolescence by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book The Promise of Adolescence written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescenceâ€"beginning with the onset of puberty and ending in the mid-20sâ€"is a critical period of development during which key areas of the brain mature and develop. These changes in brain structure, function, and connectivity mark adolescence as a period of opportunity to discover new vistas, to form relationships with peers and adults, and to explore one's developing identity. It is also a period of resilience that can ameliorate childhood setbacks and set the stage for a thriving trajectory over the life course. Because adolescents comprise nearly one-fourth of the entire U.S. population, the nation needs policies and practices that will better leverage these developmental opportunities to harness the promise of adolescenceâ€"rather than focusing myopically on containing its risks. This report examines the neurobiological and socio-behavioral science of adolescent development and outlines how this knowledge can be applied, both to promote adolescent well-being, resilience, and development, and to rectify structural barriers and inequalities in opportunity, enabling all adolescents to flourish.

Preventing Childhood Obesity

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309133408
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Preventing Childhood Obesity by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Preventing Childhood Obesity written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-01-31 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children's health has made tremendous strides over the past century. In general, life expectancy has increased by more than thirty years since 1900 and much of this improvement is due to the reduction of infant and early childhood mortality. Given this trajectory toward a healthier childhood, we begin the 21st-century with a shocking developmentâ€"an epidemic of obesity in children and youth. The increased number of obese children throughout the U.S. during the past 25 years has led policymakers to rank it as one of the most critical public health threats of the 21st-century. Preventing Childhood Obesity provides a broad-based examination of the nature, extent, and consequences of obesity in U.S. children and youth, including the social, environmental, medical, and dietary factors responsible for its increased prevalence. The book also offers a prevention-oriented action plan that identifies the most promising array of short-term and longer-term interventions, as well as recommendations for the roles and responsibilities of numerous stakeholders in various sectors of society to reduce its future occurrence. Preventing Childhood Obesity explores the underlying causes of this serious health problem and the actions needed to initiate, support, and sustain the societal and lifestyle changes that can reverse the trend among our children and youth.

Nature & Nurture

Author : William Hunter
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1422288471
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (222 download)

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Book Synopsis Nature & Nurture by : William Hunter

Download or read book Nature & Nurture written by William Hunter and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2015-02-03 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the number of people with obesity increases, the health problems tied to this condition are also increasing. Conditions like coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and many forms of cancer—all conditions that may be associated with or aggravated by excess weight and all conditions that can be potentially deadly—are not only common among adults but also more common among younger people than ever before. Even as people become more conscious that excess weight is a medical problem, many people still view obesity as a personal problem—something caused by laziness, gluttony, or even stupidity. Maybe people still don’t realize that weight and body size aren't simply a matter of what we eat and how much we exercise. Discover the true causes of obesity, from our genetics to the way in which we were raised. Understand the truth behind our culture’s myths about obesity and weight.

Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence

Author : Chunming Chen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence by : Chunming Chen

Download or read book Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence written by Chunming Chen and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews recent findings on the physiological, genetic, environmental and behavioural factors that predispose children and adolescents to obesity and explores clinical and public health strategies for treatment and prevention. Written by an international group of experts, the book provides a global perspective on the epidemic of childhood obesity and includes studies of children and adolescents in both industrialized and developing countries. A major focus of the book is on environmental factors - such as high energy density fast food, inadequate physical activity and excessive television viewing - that contribute to paediatric obesity.

Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309166608
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-10-18 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children's health has clearly improved over the past several decades. Significant and positive gains have been made in lowering rates of infant mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases and accidental causes, improved access to health care, and reduction in the effects of environmental contaminants such as lead. Yet major questions still remain about how to assess the status of children's health, what factors should be monitored, and the appropriate measurement tools that should be used. Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth: Assessing and Improving Child Health provides a detailed examination of the information about children's health that is needed to help policy makers and program providers at the federal, state, and local levels. In order to improve children's health-and, thus, the health of future generations-it is critical to have data that can be used to assess both current conditions and possible future threats to children's health. This compelling book describes what is known about the health of children and what is needed to expand the knowledge. By strategically improving the health of children, we ensure healthier future generations to come.