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Understanding The Mechanisms Of Stress Corrosion Cracking
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Book Synopsis Understanding the Mechanisms of Stress Corrosion Cracking by : Karen Kruska
Download or read book Understanding the Mechanisms of Stress Corrosion Cracking written by Karen Kruska and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Understanding the Mechanisms Controlling Stress Corrosion Cracking Through High-resolution Characterization by : Zhao Shen
Download or read book Understanding the Mechanisms Controlling Stress Corrosion Cracking Through High-resolution Characterization written by Zhao Shen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stress Corrosion Cracking by : V S Raja
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking written by V S Raja and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 817 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), which causes sudden failure of metals and other materials subjected to stress in corrosive environment(s), has a significant impact on a number of sectors including the oil and gas industries and nuclear power production. Stress corrosion cracking reviews the fundamentals of the phenomenon as well as examining stress corrosion behaviour in specific materials and particular industries. The book is divided into four parts. Part one covers the mechanisms of SCC and hydrogen embrittlement, while the focus of part two is on methods of testing for SCC in metals. Chapters in part three each review the phenomenon with reference to a specific material, with a variety of metals, alloys and composites discussed, including steels, titanium alloys and polymer composites. In part four, the effect of SCC in various industries is examined, with chapters covering subjects such as aerospace engineering, nuclear reactors, utilities and pipelines. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Stress corrosion cracking is an essential reference for engineers and designers working with metals, alloys and polymers, and will be an invaluable tool for any industries in which metallic components are exposed to tension, corrosive environments at ambient and high temperatures. Examines the mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) presenting recognising testing methods and materials resistant to SCC Assesses the effect of SCC on particular metals featuring steel, stainless steel, nickel-based alloys, magnesium alloys, copper-based alloys and welds in steels Reviews the monitoring and management of SCC and the affect of SCC in different industries such as petrochemical and aerospace
Book Synopsis Understanding the Mechanisms Involved in Chlorine-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Steel 304 Under a Simulated Marine Environment by : Ryan Michael Schoell
Download or read book Understanding the Mechanisms Involved in Chlorine-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking of Stainless Steel 304 Under a Simulated Marine Environment written by Ryan Michael Schoell and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stress-corrosion Cracking by : Russell H. Jones
Download or read book Stress-corrosion Cracking written by Russell H. Jones and published by ASM International(OH). This book was released on 1992 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Details the many conditions under which stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) can occur, the parameters which control SCC, and the methodologies for mitigating and testing for SCC, plus information on mechanisms of SCC with experimental data on a variety of materials. Contains information about environmen
Book Synopsis Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipelines by : Y. Frank Cheng
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipelines written by Y. Frank Cheng and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-13 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains why pipeline stress corrosion cracking happens and how it can be prevented Pipelines sit at the heart of the global economy. When they are in good working order, they deliver fuel to meet the ever-growing demand for energy around the world. When they fail due to stress corrosion cracking, they can wreak environmental havoc. This book skillfully explains the fundamental science and engineering of pipeline stress corrosion cracking based on the latest research findings and actual case histories. The author explains how and why pipelines fall prey to stress corrosion cracking and then offers tested and proven strategies for preventing, detecting, and monitoring it in order to prevent pipeline failure. Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipelines begins with a brief introduction and then explores general principals of stress corrosion cracking, including two detailed case studies of pipeline failure. Next, the author covers: Near-neutral pH stress corrosion cracking of pipelines High pH stress corrosion cracking of pipelines Stress corrosion cracking of pipelines in acidic soil environments Stress corrosion cracking at pipeline welds Stress corrosion cracking of high-strength pipeline steels The final chapter is dedicated to effective management and mitigation of pipeline stress corrosion cracking. Throughout the book, the author develops a number of theoretical models and concepts based on advanced microscopic electrochemical measurements to help readers better understand the occurrence of stress corrosion cracking. By examining all aspects of pipeline stress corrosion cracking—the causes, mechanisms, and management strategies—this book enables engineers to construct better pipelines and then maintain and monitor them to ensure safe, reliable energy supplies for the world.
Book Synopsis Atomistics of Fracture by : R.M. Latanison
Download or read book Atomistics of Fracture written by R.M. Latanison and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1043 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now more than 100 years since certain detrimental effects on the ductility of iron were first associated with the presence of hydrogen. Not only is hydrogen embrittlement still a major industri al problem, but it is safe to say that in a mechanistic sense we still do not know what hydrogen (but not nitrogen or oxygen, for example) does on an atomic scale to induce this degradation. The same applies to other examples of environmentally-induced fracture: what is it about the ubiquitous chloride ion that induces premature catastrophic fracture (stress corrosion cracking) of ordinarily ductile austenitic stainless steels? Why, moreover, are halide ions troublesome but the nitrate or sulfate anions not deleterious to such stainless steels? Likewise, why are some solid metals embrit tled catastrophically by same liquid metals (liquid metal embrit tlement) - copper and aluminum, for example, are embrittled by liquid mercury. In short, despite all that we may know about the materials science and mechanics of fracture on a macroscopic scale, we know little about the atomistics of fracture in the absence of environmental interactions and even less when embrittlement phe nomena such as those described above are involved. On the other hand, it is interesting to note that physical chemists and surface chemists also have interests in the same kinds of interactions that occur on an atomic scale when metals such as nickel or platinum are used, for example, as catalysts for chemical reactions.
Book Synopsis The Mechanism of Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steels by : Julius J. Harwood
Download or read book The Mechanism of Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steels written by Julius J. Harwood and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this discussion is to assess the state of our understanding concerning the factors and mechanism(s) which determine and control the susceptibility to stress-corrosion cracking of the austenitic stainless steels. The growing importance of this problem has led to a considerable amount of research, both in this country and abroad, aimed at delineating more specifically the environmental, compositional, and structural conditions involved and at elucidating the underlying mechanism for the cracking phenomenon. As a result of this research effort, a number of mechanisms have been proposed, but all appear to contain certain deficiencies in explaining certain of the characteristic features of the stress-corrosion cracking process; that is to say, unequivocal arguments cannot be presented in behalf of any of the proposed mechanisms. Possibly more to the point is the fact that few of the currently debated mechanisms have yielded critical clues which could lead to compositional or structural modifications of commercial materials to reduce or prevent the incidence of cracking. It is encouraging to note, however, that the more recent experimental evidence is developing a basis whereby critical type of experiments can be designed to differentiate clearly the mode of damage.
Book Synopsis Corrosion of Aluminium by : Christian Vargel
Download or read book Corrosion of Aluminium written by Christian Vargel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-10-02 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion of Aluminium highlights the practical and general aspects of the corrosion of aluminium alloys with many illustrations and references. In addition to that, the first chapter allows the reader who is not very familiar with aluminium to understand the metallurgical, chemical and physical features of the aluminium alloys. The author Christian Vargel, has adopted a practitioner approach, based on the expertise and experience gained from a 40 year career in aluminium corrosion This approach is most suitable for assessing the corrosion resistance of aluminium- an assessment which is one of the main conditions for the development of many uses of aluminium in transport, construction, power transmission etc. 600 bibliographic references provide a comprehensive guide to over 100 years of related study Providing practical applications to the reader across many industries Accessible to both the beginner and the expert
Book Synopsis Stress-corrosion Cracking of Aluminum Alloys by : F. H. Haynie
Download or read book Stress-corrosion Cracking of Aluminum Alloys written by F. H. Haynie and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report deals with the stress-corrosion cracking of aluminum alloys, and it represents an effort by DMIC to expand on the information contained in DMIC Memorandum 202, 'Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Aluminum Alloys', dated February 15, 1965. DMIC Report 228 begins by presenting a comprehensive definition of stress-corrosion cracking. This is followed by sections dealing with (1) the historical development and growth in awareness of the problem, (2) the mechanisms involved, and (3) the theory of stress-corrosion cracking. A section on experimental techniques is presented. These techniques include test methods used to determine the susceptibility of alloys to stress-corrosion cracking, as well as more refined methods of studying the fundamental mechanisms of the problem. Different evaluation methods, applicable to obtaining the different objectives of stress-corrosion testing, are also presented. All of the foregoing serve as background to the sections on stress-corrosion-cracking behavior of aluminum alloys and preventive measures. (Author).
Book Synopsis Experiments to Explore the Mechanisms of Stress Corrosion Cracking by : Jie Gao
Download or read book Experiments to Explore the Mechanisms of Stress Corrosion Cracking written by Jie Gao and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a type of subcritical cracking of materials that occurs when a SCC susceptible material is simultaneously stressed in tension (applied or residual) and exposed to a specific corrosive environment. Failure of materials due to SCC could occur at stress levels much lower than the allowable service stress, causing catastrophic consequences. Decades of efforts to investigate the SCC phenomena have established the general behaviors of different materials during SCC and it is widely accepted that a susceptible material, tensile stress, and a specific corrosive environment are the prerequisites for the occurrence of SCC. However, the fundamental mechanisms behind the apparent SCC behaviors remain unclear mainly due to contradictory experimental data from different researchers, the intrinsic difficulties associated with material characterization within the restricted geometry of cracks, and the complexity of the interactions between different chemical species. In this thesis, attention is focused on a single material system, AA5083 aluminum alloy, where the SCC can be made to happen quickly so that the effects of various aspects on SCC can be examined within reasonable amounts of time, for the purpose of mechanistic study. To clear the controversies about the actual SCC behaviors and to better understand the basic mechanisms of SCC, all of the three prerequisites of SCC, i.e. susceptible material, tensile stress, and corrosive environment, have been carefully examined using various materials characterization techniques. For the metallurgical aspect (susceptible material), AA5083 aluminum alloy (Al-4.4Mg-0.7Mg-0.15Cr) has been intentionally annealed at 175 °C, a process called sensitization, for a series of progressively longer treatment times. The SCC behaviors, microstructures, mechanical properties, and electrochemical properties of these differently heat treated AA5083 specimens have been characterized. It is found that the SCC incubation time decreases for longer sensitization time while the SCC initial crack growth rate increases as sensitization time becomes longer. This phenomenon is explained as a result of the development of continuous films of anodic intermetallic, Mg2Al3, known as [beta]-phase, on the grain boundaries as sensitization time increases, based on the microstructural, electrochemical, and mechanical characterizations. For the environmental aspect (corrosive environment), the SCC behaviors, as well as microstructures, of AA5083 sensitized for both 120 and 240 hours have been examined in sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions with different concentrations and pH. It has been found that both higher NaCl concentration and lower pH values lead to shorter incubation time, higher initial crack growth rate and higher total crack growth, and the SCC behaviors of the specimens that have been sensitized for 240 hours are more sensitive to environmental factors, compared with their counterparts with 120 hours sensitization condition. The fractographic analysis demonstrates the cracking mechanism is independent of the environmental factors and is still anodic dissolution based intergranular separation. The interactions between mechanical driving force (stress intensity) and chemical driving force (NaCl concentration) are also discovered. For the mechanical aspect (tensile stress), the SCC behaviors of sensitized AA5083 with different initially applied stress intensity levels have been investigated. It is found that the incubation time is a chemical process while the initial crack growth rate and total crack propagation are determined by both mechanical and chemical driving forces. The interactions between mechanical and chemical driving forces are described as a process that is dominated by chemical driving force and only assisted by mechanical driving force. Additionally, the crack mechanism is found to be anodic dissolution as well, for all different starting stress intensities. All of the above experimental efforts indicate that anodic dissolution is the dominant mechanism for SCC in sensitized AA5083 alloy."--Leaves v-vii
Book Synopsis Stress-corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen-stress Cracking of High-strength Steel by : Ellis E. Fletcher
Download or read book Stress-corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen-stress Cracking of High-strength Steel written by Ellis E. Fletcher and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-strength steels are susceptible to delayed cracking under suitable conditions. Frequently such a brittle failure occurs at a stress that is only a fraction of the nominal yield strength. Considerable controversy exists over whether such failures result from two separate and distinct phenomena or whether there is but one mechanism called by two different names. Stress-corrosion cracking is the process in which a crack propagates, at least partially, by the stress induced corrosion of a susceptible metal at the advancing tip of the stress-corrosion crack. There is considerable evidence that this cracking results from the electrtrochemical corrosion of a metal subjected to tensile stresses, either residual or externally applied. Hydrogen-stress cracking is cracking which occurs as the result of hydrogen in the metal lattice in combination with tensile stresses. Hydrogen-stress cracking cannot occur if hydrogen is prevented from entering the steel, or if hydrogen that has entered during processing or service is removed before permanent damage has occurred. It is generally agreed that corrosion plays no part in the actual fracture mechanism. This report was prepared to point out wherein the two fracture mechanisms under consideration are similar and wherein they differ. From the evidence available today, the present authors have concluded that there are two distinct mechansims of delayed failure. (Author).
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Embrittlement and Stress Corrosion Cracking by : Alexander Robert Troiano
Download or read book Hydrogen Embrittlement and Stress Corrosion Cracking written by Alexander Robert Troiano and published by ASM International. This book was released on 1984-01-01 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental and Metallurgical Factors of Stress-corrosion Cracking in High-strength Steels by : C. J. Slunder
Download or read book Environmental and Metallurgical Factors of Stress-corrosion Cracking in High-strength Steels written by C. J. Slunder and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Mechanisms of Stress Corrosion Cracking in Copper- Aluminum Alloys by : Andrew W. Blackwood (III.)
Download or read book The Mechanisms of Stress Corrosion Cracking in Copper- Aluminum Alloys written by Andrew W. Blackwood (III.) and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Stress by : S. P. Lynch
Download or read book Mechanisms of Stress written by S. P. Lynch and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metallographic and fractographic observations of sub-critical crack growth in a precipitation-hardened AlZn-Mg alloy in liquid-metal, aqueous, and water-vapour/air environments suggest that stress-corrosion cracking and liquid-metal embrittlement in this alloy involve a common mechanism. Sub-critical crack growth in all these environments can produce entirely dimpled fracture surfaces and, in liquid-metal and aqueous environments, crack growth can occur extremely rapidly. It is proposed that stress-corrosion cracking and liquid-metal embrittlement in aluminium alloys (and possibly other materials) can be explained on the basis that chemisorption of environmental species facilitates nucleation of dislocations at crack tips. Such a process would produce sub-critical crack growth with less blunting at crack tips than in inert environments and, hence, would explain observations that dimples on fracture surfaces after SCC are smaller and shallower than those on overload fractures. The results suggest that neither dissolution nor hydrogen-embrittlement processes occurred during stress-corrosion cracking in aluminium alloys. (Author).
Book Synopsis Corrosion Mechanisms in Theory and Practice by : Philippe Marcus
Download or read book Corrosion Mechanisms in Theory and Practice written by Philippe Marcus and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-07-24 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Called "a useful contribution to the current litereture on corrosion science, engineering, and technology" by Corrosion Review, this book offers real-world applications and problem-solving techniques to reduce the occurrence of pits, cracks, and deterioration in industrial, automotive, marine, and electronic structures. It details the electrochemic