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Understanding Electronic Structure And Interfaces Of Positive Electrodes For Lithium Ion Batteries
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Book Synopsis Understanding Electronic Structure and Interfaces of Positive Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries by : Pinar Karayaylali
Download or read book Understanding Electronic Structure and Interfaces of Positive Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries written by Pinar Karayaylali and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium ion batteries are the currently the best commercial battery in the market and they are used as energy storage devices for mobile phones, laptops, and other portable electronic devices. This is due to their balance of high energy density with high power density compared to other electrochemical energy devices. Also, these days the automotive industry wants to use lithium ion batteries to electric vehicles to reduce the pollution and independence to oil. Although lithium ion batteries are currently one of the best energy storage devices, there is still an ample room for improvement. One of the key parameters to study is electrode/electrolyte interface of electrodes. EEI on the negative electrode, also known as Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) has the well-known structure with organic and inorganic compounds. Although EEI on negative electrodes is well known, it is not the case for positive electrodes. Numerous studies have been done on positive electrodes; however, there is still a need for systematic study of these interfaces on positive electrodes. This thesis is about understanding the reactivity and interactions of Li-ion battery positive electrode materials with the electrolyte. By understanding reactions at the EEI, we can develop a way to improve cycle life and safety of lithium ion batteries. To unambiguously pinpoint the electrode/electrolyte interface layers on different positive electrode materials, 100 % active materials are used as positive electrodes instead of composite electrodes.
Book Synopsis Electrodes for Li-ion Batteries by : Laure Monconduit
Download or read book Electrodes for Li-ion Batteries written by Laure Monconduit and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-02 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electrochemical energy storage is a means to conserve electrical energy in chemical form. This form of storage benefits from the fact that these two energies share the same vector, the electron. This advantage allows us to limit the losses related to the conversion of energy from one form to another. The RS2E focuses its research on rechargeable electrochemical devices (or electrochemical storage) batteries and supercapacitors. The materials used in the electrodes are key components of lithium-ion batteries. Their nature depend battery performance in terms of mass and volume capacity, energy density, power, durability, safety, etc. This book deals with current and future positive and negative electrode materials covering aspects related to research new and better materials for future applications (related to renewable energy storage and transportation in particular), bringing light on the mechanisms of operation, aging and failure.
Book Synopsis Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES) by : Joseph Woicik
Download or read book Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES) written by Joseph Woicik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-26 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first complete and up-to-date summary of the state of the art in HAXPES and motivates readers to harness its powerful capabilities in their own research. The chapters are written by experts. They include historical work, modern instrumentation, theory and applications. This book spans from physics to chemistry and materials science and engineering. In consideration of the rapid development of the technique, several chapters include highlights illustrating future opportunities as well.
Book Synopsis Understanding and Controlling the Reactions Between the Electrolyte and Positive Electrodes for Li-ion Batteries by : Pinar Karayaylali
Download or read book Understanding and Controlling the Reactions Between the Electrolyte and Positive Electrodes for Li-ion Batteries written by Pinar Karayaylali and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improving electrochemical energy storage devices is critical for the development of renewable energy storage devices for transportation, grid and residential applications. Lithium-ion batteries are the leading technology in the markets due to its good cycle life and high-energy density. However, current high production cost and safety concerns constrain their usage for various applications. Understanding the reactivity between the positive electrode and electrolyte is crucial for developing next-generation safer and cheaper lithium-ion batteries. The focus of this thesis is on the effect of the positive electrode/electrolyte interface (EEI) on the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion cells. To avoid any ambiguities from the presence of carbon or binder, oxide-only electrodes were used for these studies. First, the EEI layer on LiCoO2 electrodes was studied using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and a correlation between interface composition and the ethylene carbonate (EC) dissociation on positive electrode surfaces was observed. This concept was extended to lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides with different nickel contents (NMCl 11, NMC622, and NMC811 electrodes). Using these electrodes, we showed experimental evidence for EC dehydrogenation on charged NMC electrodes, which became more pronounced as the nickel content increased. Greater salt decomposition was coupled with the earlier onset of EC dehydrogenation with increasing nickel content or delithiation amount. Building upon these studies, we investigated different ways to improve cycling performance and to reduce or eliminate the effect of EC dehydrogenation on NMC surfaces. In this thesis, we explore various methods to stabilize high-energy positive electrodes such as coatings and electrolyte additives. Through studying different coatings, we propose that high band-gap insulators such as A12O3 are the best coating materials for positive electrodes due to reduced reactivity with electrolyte solvent (EC dehydrogenation) and salts (formation of lithium nickel fluoride/oxyfluoride species). We also show that adding chemically stable but electrochemically unstable electrolyte additives can reduce the effect of EC dehydrogenation even for NMC811 electrodes. We believe that by connecting surface reactivity on oxides with cycling performance, we can pinpoint key parameters to better lithium-ion cells.
Book Synopsis Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries by : Christian Julien
Download or read book Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries written by Christian Julien and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 635 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A lithium-ion battery comprises essentially three components: two intercalation compounds as positive and negative electrodes, separated by an ionic-electronic electrolyte. Each component is discussed in sufficient detail to give the practising engineer an understanding of the subject, providing guidance on the selection of suitable materials in actual applications. Each topic covered is written by an expert, reflecting many years of experience in research and applications. Each topic is provided with an extensive list of references, allowing easy access to further information. Readership: Research students and engineers seeking an expert review. Graduate courses in electrical drives can also be designed around the book by selecting sections for discussion. The coverage and treatment make the book indispensable for the lithium battery community.
Book Synopsis Energy Storage Systems in Electronics by : Tetsuya Osaka
Download or read book Energy Storage Systems in Electronics written by Tetsuya Osaka and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-05-30 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume illustrates the technological advances made in recent years in the development of battery and other energy storage systems. Discussions of present and near future battery technologies are included as well as emerging energy technologies that have the potential to impact on the portable electronics industry in the long term. This text pr
Book Synopsis Li-ion Battery Materials Theory and Computation to Guide and Interpret Experiments by : Marc Cormier (Marcel)
Download or read book Li-ion Battery Materials Theory and Computation to Guide and Interpret Experiments written by Marc Cormier (Marcel) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Li-ion batteries are enabling electrification; cell energy densities, lifetimes and cost render grid energy storage solutions and personal and commercial electric modes of transportation economically and practically feasible. However, exponential market growth demands cheaper, longer lasting, more energy dense, and safer Li-ion cells. The work presented in this thesis rests at the intersection of theory, computation, and experiment; properties of Li-ion battery positive electrode materials were computed from first-principles and compared to experimental results, phenomenological equations were fit to measurement, and software was developed to analyze experimental data. The first part of this thesis shows that within the GGA+U formalism, the calculated structural, electronic, and electrochemical properties of relevant materials for state-of-the-art positive electrodes, depend on the choice of U to a greater extent than previously recognized. In some cases, an incorrect electronic structure is predicted. These findings suggest that U should be chosen with care, and in some cases the GGA+U formalism may not be appropriate. The second part of this thesis demonstrates how individual substituents influence electrochemical and thermal properties of Ni-rich positive electrode materials. Furthermore, a reinvented approach for Li chemical diffusion measurements, bridging theory and measurement, is developed and used to show how omitting Co altogether from Ni-rich positive electrode materials worsens rate capability. These results highlight intrinsic challenges in Li-ion battery material optimization and offer practical considerations for designing high energy-density positive electrode materials. The final part of this thesis presents analysis software developed for experimental data. Two software suites were developed; the first enables automated yet interactive analyses of Li chemical diffusion measurements, providing users with export and fitting flexibility, and the second provides a user-interface for exploring data collected from different cyclers and automatically fitting differential capacity curves to reference data. These tools have saved many days of otherwise manual analysis.
Book Synopsis Advanced Characterization and Modeling of Next Generation Lithium Ion Electrodes and Interfaces by : Thomas Andrew Wynn
Download or read book Advanced Characterization and Modeling of Next Generation Lithium Ion Electrodes and Interfaces written by Thomas Andrew Wynn and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium ion batteries have proven to be a paradigm shifting technology, enabling high energy density storage to power the handheld device and electric automotive revolutions. However relatively slow progress toward increased energy and power density has been made since the inception of the first functional lithium ion battery. Materials under consideration for next generation lithium ion batteries include anionic-redox-active cathodes, solid state electrolytes, and lithium metal anodes. Li-rich cathodes harness anionic redox, showing increased first charge capacity well beyond the redox capacity of traditional transition metal oxides, though suffer from severe capacity and voltage fade after the first cycle. This is in part attributed to oxygen evolution, driving surface reconstruction. Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) offer the potential for safer devices, serving as physical barriers for dendrite penetration, while hoping to enable the lithium metal anode. The lithium metal naturally exhibits the highest volumetric energy density of all anode materials. Here, we employ simulation and advanced characterization methodologies to understand the fundamental properties of a variety of next generation lithium ion battery materials and devices leading to their successes or failures. Using density functional theory, the effect of cationic substitution on the propensity for oxygen evolution was explored. Improvement in Li-rich cathode performance is predicted and demonstrated through doping of 4d transition metal Mo. Next, lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON), an SSE utilized in thin film batteries, was explored. LiPON has proven stable cycling against lithium metal anodes, though its stability is poorly understood. RF sputtered thin films of LiPON are examined via spectroscopic computational methods and nuclear magnetic resonance to reveal its atomic structure, ultimately responsible for its success as a thin film solid electrolyte. A new perspective on LiPON is presented, emphasizing its glassy nature and lack of long-range connectivity. Progress toward in situ methodologies for solid-state interfaces is described, and a protocol for FIB-produced nanobatteries is developed. Cryogenic methodologies are applied to a PEO/NCA composite electrode. Cryogenic focused ion beam was shown to preserve polymer structure and morphology, enabling accurate morphological quantification and preserving the crystallinity, as observed via TEM. Last, development of in situ solid-state interface characterization is discussed.
Book Synopsis Lithium-ion Batteries by : Perla B. Balbuena
Download or read book Lithium-ion Batteries written by Perla B. Balbuena and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This invaluable book focuses on the mechanisms of formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the electrode surfaces of lithium-ion batteries. The SEI film is due to electromechanical reduction of species present in the electrolyte. It is widely recognized that the presence of the film plays an essential role in the battery performance, and its very nature can determine an extended (or shorter) life for the battery. In spite of the numerous related research efforts, details on the stability of the SEI composition and its influence on the battery capacity are still controversial. This book carefully analyzes and discusses the most recent findings and advances on this topic.
Book Synopsis Fast Ionic Conductors and Solid-Solid Interfaces Designed for Next Generation Solid-State Batteries by : Fuminori Mizuno
Download or read book Fast Ionic Conductors and Solid-Solid Interfaces Designed for Next Generation Solid-State Batteries written by Fuminori Mizuno and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electrochemistry Editor’s Pick 2021 by : Nosang Vincent Myung
Download or read book Electrochemistry Editor’s Pick 2021 written by Nosang Vincent Myung and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-06-23 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electrochemical and Mechanical Processes at Surfaces and Interfaces of Advanced Materials for Energy Storage by : Feifei Shi
Download or read book Electrochemical and Mechanical Processes at Surfaces and Interfaces of Advanced Materials for Energy Storage written by Feifei Shi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy storage is a rapidly emerging field. In almost all energy storage applications, surfaces and interfaces are playing dominant roles. Examples are fuel cell electrodes, where electro-catalytic reactions occur, Li-ion battery (LIB) electrodes, where electrolyte decomposition and passivation commence simultaneously, and failure (fracture) of battery electrodes, where surface crack initiation greatly affects battery endurance. The most fundamental chemical, electrochemical, and mechanical problems in energy storage applications originate from surfaces and interfaces. This thesis investigates the electrochemical and mechanical processes at surfaces and interfaces of advanced materials for energy applications. The thesis includes the following five main research topics. The fuel cell electrodes' electronic structure was tuned by modifying the metal oxide substrate with oxygen vacancies and/or fluorine doping. The electro-catalyst performance of metal oxide supported platinum nanoparticles was systematically investigated. Compared to Pt nanoparticles on pristine TiO2 support, a two-fold higher activity and three-fold higher stability in methanol oxidation reaction, a 0.12 V negative shift of the CO oxidation peak potential, and a 0.07 V positive shift of the oxygen reaction potential were achieved. Experimental trends were interpreted in the context of an electronic structure model, showing an improvement in electrochemical activity, when the Fermi level of the support material in Pt/TiOx systems was close to the Pt Fermi level and the redox potential of the reaction. The findings of this work provide a better understanding of the substrate effect on electro-catalysis and valuable guidance for selecting the support material of Pt/TiOx systems. The reference compounds, diethyl 2,5-dioxahexane dicarboxylate (DEDOHC) and polyethylene carbonate (poly-EC), were synthesized and their chemical structures were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The effect of Li-ion solvation on the FTIR spectra was studied by introducing the synthesized reference compounds into the electrolyte. EC decomposition products formed on Sn and Ni electrodes were identified as DEDOHC and poly-EC by matching the features of the surface species forming on electrode surfaces with reference spectra. The results demonstrate the importance of accounting for the solvation effect in FTIR analysis of the decomposition products forming on LIB electrodes. The composition, structure, and formation mechanisms of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the surfaces of LIB anode electrodes during charge/discharge cycles were investigated with advanced in-situ vibrational spectroscopy. This technique allows us to determine how the SEI properties contribute to the failure of anodes in LIBs used in vehicular applications. Two model surfaces (Au and Sn) were investigated by in-situ attenuated total reflection-infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. The variation of the SEI components on the Au and Sn model surfaces is attributed to surface functional group differences and associated reduction mechanisms. For the first time, we have detected the formation of DEDOHC and Li propionate reductive products by in-situ IR spectroscopy. The results from the model system investigation can be applied to other anode materials of LIBs to improve future battery performance. The SEI components at the interface of single-crystal Si(100) electrode and electrolyte were studied by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. High-energy-density Si anodes have large irreversible capacity and poor reliability/durability. These failures are due in part to loss of electrolyte by reduction and the formation of unstable SEI during cycling. To elucidate the mechanism of Si electrode failure during battery cycling, a novel in-situ ATR-FTIR electrochemical cell was constructed, which allows the tuning of the depth of probing in vibrational spectra of molecules at the electrode surface. Electrochemical experiments, microstructure characterization, and finite element analysis were combined to explore the failure mechanism of single-crystal Si electrodes over cycles. It was found that surface cracks initiating perpendicular to the electrode surface propagate in the depth direction and eventually are deflected along the lithiation boundary, causing electrode material to delaminate. Although crack initiation and growth occur during delithiation, they are essentially driven by irreversible plastic deformation accumulating during the lithiation phase. When the tip of the cracks approaches the lithiation boundary, the low fracture toughness of the crystalline Si (c-Si)/amorphous Si (a-Si) interface, i.e., the "weakest" microstructural path, causes crack deflection along the c-Si/a-Si interface. The findings of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the failure mechanism of silicon electrodes and guidance for electrode material selection and design optimization. This ultimate objective of this thesis is the examination of surface and interface material problems in energy applications. The findings of this work reveal a generic behavior comprising interactive chemical/electrochemical reactions and mechanical effects.
Book Synopsis Nanomaterials for Lithium-Ion Batteries by : Rachid Yazami
Download or read book Nanomaterials for Lithium-Ion Batteries written by Rachid Yazami and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-10-08 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the most recent advances in the science and technology of nanostructured materials for lithium-ion application. With contributions from renowned scientists and technologists, the chapters discuss state-of-the-art research on nanostructured anode and cathode materials, some already used in commercial batteries and others still in de
Book Synopsis Principles and Applications of Lithium Secondary Batteries by : Jung-Ki Park
Download or read book Principles and Applications of Lithium Secondary Batteries written by Jung-Ki Park and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-06-13 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium secondary batteries have been key to mobile electronics since 1990. Large-format batteries typically for electric vehicles and energy storage systems are attracting much attention due to current energy and environmental issues. Lithium batteries are expected to play a central role in boosting green technologies. Therefore, a large number of scientists and engineers are carrying out research and development on lithium secondary batteries. The book is written in a straightforward fashion suitable for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as scientists, and engineers starting out in the field. The chapters in this book have been thoroughly edited by a collective of experts to achieve a cohesive book with a consistent style, level, and philosophy. They cover a wide range of topics, including principles and technologies of key materials such as the cathode, anode, electrolyte, and separator. Battery technologies such as design, manufacturing processes, and evaluation methods as well as applications are addressed. In addition, analytical methods for determining electrochemical and other properties of batteries are also included. Hence, this book is a must-have for everyone interested in obtaining all the basic information on lithium secondary batteries.
Book Synopsis Lithium-Ion Batteries: Basics and Applications by : Reiner Korthauer
Download or read book Lithium-Ion Batteries: Basics and Applications written by Reiner Korthauer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-07 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The handbook focuses on a complete outline of lithium-ion batteries. Just before starting with an exposition of the fundamentals of this system, the book gives a short explanation of the newest cell generation. The most important elements are described as negative / positive electrode materials, electrolytes, seals and separators. The battery disconnect unit and the battery management system are important parts of modern lithium-ion batteries. An economical, faultless and efficient battery production is a must today and is represented with one chapter in the handbook. Cross-cutting issues like electrical, chemical, functional safety are further topics. Last but not least standards and transportation themes are the final chapters of the handbook. The different topics of the handbook provide a good knowledge base not only for those working daily on electrochemical energy storage, but also to scientists, engineers and students concerned in modern battery systems.
Book Synopsis Lithium Batteries by : Gholam-Abbas Nazri
Download or read book Lithium Batteries written by Gholam-Abbas Nazri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-14 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium Batteries: Science and Technology is an up-to-date and comprehensive compendium on advanced power sources and energy related topics. Each chapter is a detailed and thorough treatment of its subject. The volume includes several tutorials and contributes to an understanding of the many fields that impact the development of lithium batteries. Recent advances on various components are included and numerous examples of innovation are presented. Extensive references are given at the end of each chapter. All contributors are internationally recognized experts in their respective specialty. The fundamental knowledge necessary for designing new battery materials with desired physical and chemical properties including structural, electronic and reactivity are discussed. The molecular engineering of battery materials is treated by the most advanced theoretical and experimental methods.
Book Synopsis Handbook Of Solid State Batteries (Second Edition) by : Nancy J Dudney
Download or read book Handbook Of Solid State Batteries (Second Edition) written by Nancy J Dudney and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-07-09 with total page 835 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid-state batteries hold the promise of providing energy storage with high volumetric and gravimetric energy densities at high power densities, yet with far less safety issues relative to those associated with conventional liquid or gel-based lithium-ion batteries. Solid-state batteries are envisioned to be useful for a broad spectrum of energy storage applications, including powering automobiles and portable electronic devices, as well as stationary storage and load-leveling of renewably generated energy. This comprehensive handbook covers a wide range of topics related to solid-state batteries, including advanced enabling characterization techniques, fundamentals of solid-state systems, novel solid electrolyte systems, interfaces, cell-level studies, and three-dimensional architectures. It is directed at physicists, chemists, materials scientists, electrochemists, electrical engineers, battery technologists, and evaluators of present and future generations of power sources. This handbook serves as a reference text providing state-of-the-art reviews on solid-state battery technologies, as well as providing insights into likely future developments in the field. It is extensively annotated with comprehensive references useful to the student and practitioners in the field.
