Understanding Disparities In Access To Genomic Medicine

Download Understanding Disparities In Access To Genomic Medicine full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Understanding Disparities In Access To Genomic Medicine ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Understanding Disparities in Access to Genomic Medicine

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309485258
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Understanding Disparities in Access to Genomic Medicine by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Understanding Disparities in Access to Genomic Medicine written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-01-28 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomic medicine is defined as the routine use of genomic information about an individual as part of his or her clinical care as well as the health outcomes and policy implications of that clinical use. It is one approach that has the potential to improve the quality of health care by allowing practitioners to tailor prevention, diagnostic, and treatment strategies to individual patients. In recent years, research breakthroughs, technological advances, and the decreasing cost of DNA sequencing have led to the wider adoption of genomic medicine. However, as with the introduction of new technologies into health care, there are concerns that genetic and genomic testing and services will not reach all segments of the population both now and in the near future, and there remains a gap in knowledge regarding potential health care disparities in genomic medicine and precision health approaches. On June 27, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a public workshop to examine the gaps in knowledge related to access to genomic medicine and to discuss health care disparities and possible approaches to overcoming the disparate use of genomic medicine among populations. Workshop participants discussed research on access to genetics and genomics services in medically underserved areas, model programs of care for diverse patient populations, and current challenges and possible best practices for alleviating health care disparities as they relate to genomics-based approaches. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Exploring the Current Landscape of Consumer Genomics

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309673038
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (96 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Exploring the Current Landscape of Consumer Genomics by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Exploring the Current Landscape of Consumer Genomics written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-08-23 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumer genomics, encompassing both direct-to-consumer applications (i.e., genetic testing that is accessed by a consumer directly from a commercial company apart from a health care provider) and consumer-driven genetic testing (i.e., genetic testing ordered by a health care provider in response to an informed patient request), has evolved considerably over the past decade, moving from more personal utility-focused applications outside of traditional health care to interfacing with clinical care in nontraditional ways. As consumer genomics has increasingly intersected with clinical applications, discussions have arisen around the need to demonstrate clinical and analytical validity and clinical utility due to the potential for misinterpretation by consumers. Clinical readiness and interest for this information have presented educational and training challenges for providers. At the same time, consumer genomics has emerged as a potentially innovative mechanism for thinking about health literacy and engaging participants in their health and health care. To explore the current landscape of consumer genomics and the implications for how genetic test information is used or may be used in research and clinical care, the Roundtable on Genomics and Precision Health of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a public workshop on October 29, 2019, in Washington, DC. Discussions included such topics as the diversity of participant populations, the impact of consumer genomics on health literacy and engagement, knowledge gaps related to the use of consumer genomics in clinical care, and regulatory and health policy issues such as data privacy and security. A broad array of stakeholders took part in the workshop, including genomics and consumer genomics experts, epidemiologists, health disparities researchers, clinicians, users of consumer genomics research applications, representatives from patient advocacy groups, payers, bioethicists, regulators, and policy makers. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.

Implementing and Evaluating Genomic Screening Programs in Health Care Systems

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309473411
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Implementing and Evaluating Genomic Screening Programs in Health Care Systems by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Implementing and Evaluating Genomic Screening Programs in Health Care Systems written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-06-16 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomic applications are being integrated into a broad range of clinical and research activities at health care systems across the United States. This trend can be attributed to a variety of factors, including the declining cost of genome sequencing and the potential for improving health outcomes and cutting the costs of care. The goals of these genomics-based programs may be to identify individuals with clinically actionable variants as a way of preventing disease, providing diagnoses for patients with rare diseases, and advancing research on genetic contributions to health and disease. Of particular interest are genomics- based screening programs, which will, in this publication, be clinical screening programs that examine genes or variants in unselected populations in order to identify individuals who are at an increased risk for a particular health concern (e.g., diseases, adverse drug outcomes) and who might benefit from clinical interventions. On November 1, 2017, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a public workshop to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating genomics-based screening programs into health care systems. This workshop was developed as a way to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating genomics-based programs in health care systems in the areas of evidence collection, sustainability, data sharing, infrastructure, and equity of access. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Translational Cardiometabolic Genomic Medicine

Author : Annabelle Rodriguez-Oquendo
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128004746
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Translational Cardiometabolic Genomic Medicine by : Annabelle Rodriguez-Oquendo

Download or read book Translational Cardiometabolic Genomic Medicine written by Annabelle Rodriguez-Oquendo and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-09-07 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Translational Cardiometabolic Genomic Medicine, edited by Dr. Annabelle Rodriguez-Oquendo, is an important resource to postgraduate (medical, dental and graduate) students, postdoctoral fellows, basic scientists, and physician scientists seeking to understand and expand their knowledge base in the field of genomic medicine as it is applied to cardiometabolic diseases. This handbook integrates cutting-edge experimental approaches such as chromatin immunoprecipitation paired end tagging (CHIA-PET), to population studies such as the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. It encompasses a range of book chapters that highlight bioinformatic approaches to better understanding functionality of the noncoding regions of the human genome to the use of molecular diagnostic testing in predicting increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Where applicable, this reference also includes chapters related to therapeutic options specifically aligned to molecular targets. Provides comprehensive research on translational genomic medicine Explains state-of-the-art genome editing for stem cells and mouse models with significant relevance to human cardiometabolic disease Includes discussions on the functional effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms and cardiometabolic diseases, stratified by sex and race Encompasses a range of book chapters that highlight bioinformatic approaches to better understanding functionality of the noncoding regions of the human genome

Educating Health Professionals in Genomic Medicine: Evidence-Based Strategies and Approaches

Author : Sylvia Ann Metcalfe
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889660591
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Educating Health Professionals in Genomic Medicine: Evidence-Based Strategies and Approaches by : Sylvia Ann Metcalfe

Download or read book Educating Health Professionals in Genomic Medicine: Evidence-Based Strategies and Approaches written by Sylvia Ann Metcalfe and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-10-09 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Assessing Genetic Risks

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309047986
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Assessing Genetic Risks by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Assessing Genetic Risks written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Raising hopes for disease treatment and prevention, but also the specter of discrimination and "designer genes," genetic testing is potentially one of the most socially explosive developments of our time. This book presents a current assessment of this rapidly evolving field, offering principles for actions and research and recommendations on key issues in genetic testing and screening. Advantages of early genetic knowledge are balanced with issues associated with such knowledge: availability of treatment, privacy and discrimination, personal decision-making, public health objectives, cost, and more. Among the important issues covered: Quality control in genetic testing. Appropriate roles for public agencies, private health practitioners, and laboratories. Value-neutral education and counseling for persons considering testing. Use of test results in insurance, employment, and other settings.

The Science of Health Disparities Research

Author : Irene Dankwa-Mullan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119374812
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (193 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Science of Health Disparities Research by : Irene Dankwa-Mullan

Download or read book The Science of Health Disparities Research written by Irene Dankwa-Mullan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-03-16 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrates the various disciplines of the science of health disparities in one comprehensive volume The Science of Health Disparities Research is an indispensable source of up-to-date information on clinical and translational health disparities science. Building upon the advances in health disparities research over the past decade, this authoritative volume informs policies and practices addressing the diseases, disorders, and gaps in health outcomes that are more prevalent in minority populations and socially disadvantaged communities. Contributions by recognized scholars and leaders in the field—featuring contemporary research, conceptual models, and a broad range of scientific perspectives—provide an interdisciplinary approach to reducing inequalities in population health, encouraging community engagement in the research process, and promoting social justice. In-depth chapters help readers better understand the specifics of minority health and health disparities while demonstrating the importance of advancing theory, refining measurement, improving investigative methods, and diversifying scientific research. In 26 chapters, the book examines topics including the etiology of health disparities research, the determinants of population health, research ethics, and research in African American, Asians, Latino, American Indian, and other vulnerable populations. Providing a unified framework on the principles and applications of the science of health disparities research, this important volume: Defines the field of health disparities science and suggests new directions in scholarship and research Explains basic definitions, principles, and concepts for identifying, understanding and addressing health disparities Provides guidance on both conducting health disparities research and translating the results Examines how social, historical and contemporary injustices may influence the health of racial and ethnic minorities Illustrates the increasing national and global importance of addressing health disparities Discusses population health training, capacity-building, and the transdisciplinary tools needed to advance health equity A significant contribution to the field, The Science of Health Disparities Research is an essential resource for students and basic and clinical researchers in genetics, population genetics, and public health, health care policymakers, and epidemiologists, medical students, and clinicians, particularly those working with minority, vulnerable, or underserved populations.

Applying an Implementation Science Approach to Genomic Medicine

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309437792
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Applying an Implementation Science Approach to Genomic Medicine by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Applying an Implementation Science Approach to Genomic Medicine written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-07-06 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although it is becoming increasingly more common for clinicians to use genomic data in their practices for disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, the process of integrating genomic data into the practice of medicine has been a slow and challenging one. Some of the major barriers impeding the incorporation of new genomic technology into clinical practice are: the difficulty of changing routine medical practices to account for the use of genetic testing, the limited knowledge of patients and providers about genomic medicine, assessing sufficient evidence to support the use of genetic tests, privacy and data security issues, and uncertainty about reimbursement. The field of implementation science may be able to provide insights concerning efficient ways to incorporate genomic applications into routine clinical practice. The focus of implementation science studies is to identify integration bottlenecks and optimal approaches for a given setting and ultimately to promote the up-take of research findings. To explore the potential of implementation science to improve the integration of genomics into medicine, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in Washington, DC, in November 2015. Participants explored the challenges and opportunities of integrating genomic advances into the clinic through the lens of implementation science. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Implications of Genomics for Public Health

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309096073
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Implications of Genomics for Public Health by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Implications of Genomics for Public Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-07-27 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genomics is the study of the entire human genome. Genomics explores not only the actions of single genes, but also the interactions of multiple genes with each other and with the environment. As a result, genomics has great potential for improving the health of the public. However, realizing the benefits of genomics requires a systematic evaluation of its potential contributions and an understanding of the information necessary to facilitate the translation of research findings into public health strategies. In October 2004, the Institute of Medicine convened a workshop to discuss major scientific and policy issues related to genomics and public health, examine major supports for and challenges to the translation of genetic research into population health benefits, and suggest approaches for the integration of genomic information into strategies for promoting health and preventing disease. Implications of Genomics for Public Health summarizes the discussions and presentations from this workshop.

Revisiting Race in a Genomic Age

Author : Barbara A. Koenig
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 081354324X
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Revisiting Race in a Genomic Age by : Barbara A. Koenig

Download or read book Revisiting Race in a Genomic Age written by Barbara A. Koenig and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essays explore a range of topics that include drug development and the production of race-based therapeutics, the ways in which genetics could contribute to future health disparities, the social implications of ancestry mapping, and the impact of emerging race and genetics research on public policy and the media.

Consumer Genetic Technologies

Author : I. Glenn Cohen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108836615
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Consumer Genetic Technologies by : I. Glenn Cohen

Download or read book Consumer Genetic Technologies written by I. Glenn Cohen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the ethical, legal, and regulatory challenges presented as genomics become commonplace, easily available consumer products.

Genomics-Enabled Learning Health Care Systems

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309371155
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Genomics-Enabled Learning Health Care Systems by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Genomics-Enabled Learning Health Care Systems written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-08 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inclusion of genomic data in a knowledge-generating health care system infrastructure is one promising way to harness the full potential of that information to provide better patient care. In such a system, clinical practice and research influence each other with the goal of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. To examine pragmatic approaches to incorporating genomics in learning health care systems, the Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health hosted a workshop which convened a variety of stakeholder groups, including commercial developers, health information technology professionals, clinical providers, academic researchers, patient groups, and government and health system representatives, to present their perspectives and participate in discussions on maximizing the value that can be obtained from genomic information. The workshop examined how a variety of systems are capturing and making use of genomic data to generate knowledge for advancing health care in the 21st century. It also sought to evaluate the challenges, opportunities, and best practices for capturing or using genomic information in knowledge-generating health care systems. Genomics-Enabled Learning Health Care Systems summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.

Race in a Bottle

Author : Jonathan Kahn
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231162987
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (311 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Race in a Bottle by : Jonathan Kahn

Download or read book Race in a Bottle written by Jonathan Kahn and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approved by the FDA in 2005 as the first drug with a race-specific indication on its label, BiDil was touted as a pathbreaking therapy to treat heart failure in black patients. Kahn reveals that, at the most basic level, BiDil became racial through legal maneuvering and commercial pressure as much as through medical understandings of how the drug worked. He examines the legal and calls for a more reasoned approach to using race in biomedical research and practice.

An Evidence Framework for Genetic Testing

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309453291
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis An Evidence Framework for Genetic Testing by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book An Evidence Framework for Genetic Testing written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in genetics and genomics are transforming medical practice, resulting in a dramatic growth of genetic testing in the health care system. The rapid development of new technologies, however, has also brought challenges, including the need for rigorous evaluation of the validity and utility of genetic tests, questions regarding the best ways to incorporate them into medical practice, and how to weigh their cost against potential short- and long-term benefits. As the availability of genetic tests increases so do concerns about the achievement of meaningful improvements in clinical outcomes, costs of testing, and the potential for accentuating medical care inequality. Given the rapid pace in the development of genetic tests and new testing technologies, An Evidence Framework for Genetic Testing seeks to advance the development of an adequate evidence base for genetic tests to improve patient care and treatment. Additionally, this report recommends a framework for decision-making regarding the use of genetic tests in clinical care.

How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries?

Author : Samiran Nundy
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811652481
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries? by : Samiran Nundy

Download or read book How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries? written by Samiran Nundy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-23 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access book. The book provides an overview of the state of research in developing countries – Africa, Latin America, and Asia (especially India) and why research and publications are important in these regions. It addresses budding but struggling academics in low and middle-income countries. It is written mainly by senior colleagues who have experienced and recognized the challenges with design, documentation, and publication of health research in the developing world. The book includes short chapters providing insight into planning research at the undergraduate or postgraduate level, issues related to research ethics, and conduct of clinical trials. It also serves as a guide towards establishing a research question and research methodology. It covers important concepts such as writing a paper, the submission process, dealing with rejection and revisions, and covers additional topics such as planning lectures and presentations. The book will be useful for graduates, postgraduates, teachers as well as physicians and practitioners all over the developing world who are interested in academic medicine and wish to do medical research.

Assessing Genomic Sequencing Information for Health Care Decision Making

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309304970
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Assessing Genomic Sequencing Information for Health Care Decision Making by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Assessing Genomic Sequencing Information for Health Care Decision Making written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-08-19 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid advances in technology have lowered the cost of sequencing an individual's genome from the several billion dollars that it cost a decade ago to just a few thousand dollars today and have correspondingly greatly expanded the use of genomic information in medicine. Because of the lack of evidence available for assessing variants, evaluation bodies have made only a few recommendations for the use of genetic tests in health care. For example, organizations, such as the Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention working group, have sought to set standards for the kinds of evaluations needed to make population-level health decisions. However, due to insufficient evidence, it has been challenging to recommend the use of a genetic test. An additional challenge to using large-scale sequencing in the clinic is that it may uncover "secondary," or "incidental," findings - genetic variants that have been associated with a disease but that are not necessarily related to the conditions that led to the decision to use genomic testing. Furthermore, as more genetic variants are associated with diseases, new information becomes available about genomic tests performed previously, which raises issues about how and whether to return this information to physicians and patients and also about who is responsible for the information. To help develop a better understanding of how genomic information is used for healthcare decision making, the Roundtable on Translating Genomic-Based Research for Health of the Institute of Medicine held a workshop in Washington,DC in February 2014. Stakeholders, including clinicians, researchers, patients, and government officials, discussed the issues related to the use of genomic information in medical practice. Assessing Genomic Sequencing Information for Health Care Decision Making is the summary of that workshop. This report compares and contrasts evidence evaluation processes for different clinical indications and discusses key challenges in the evidence evaluation process.

Race Decoded

Author : Catherine Bliss
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804782059
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Race Decoded by : Catherine Bliss

Download or read book Race Decoded written by Catherine Bliss and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-23 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2000, with the success of the Human Genome Project, scientists declared the death of race in biology and medicine. But within five years, many of these same scientists had reversed course and embarked upon a new hunt for the biological meaning of race. Drawing on personal interviews and life stories, Race Decoded takes us into the world of elite genome scientists—including Francis Collins, director of the NIH; Craig Venter, the first person to create a synthetic genome; and Spencer Wells, National Geographic Society explorer-in-residence, among others—to show how and why they are formulating new ways of thinking about race. In this original exploration, Catherine Bliss reveals a paradigm shift, both at the level of science and society, from colorblindness to racial consciousness. Scientists have been fighting older understandings of race in biology while simultaneously promoting a new grand-scale program of minority inclusion. In selecting research topics or considering research design, scientists routinely draw upon personal experience of race to push the public to think about race as a biosocial entity, and even those of the most privileged racial and social backgrounds incorporate identity politics in the scientific process. Though individual scientists may view their positions differently—whether as a black civil rights activist or a white bench scientist—all stakeholders in the scientific debates are drawing on memories of racial discrimination to fashion a science-based activism to fight for social justice.