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Understanding And Controlling The Reactions Between The Electrolyte And Positive Electrodes For Li Ion Batteries
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Book Synopsis Understanding and Controlling the Reactions Between the Electrolyte and Positive Electrodes for Li-ion Batteries by : Pinar Karayaylali
Download or read book Understanding and Controlling the Reactions Between the Electrolyte and Positive Electrodes for Li-ion Batteries written by Pinar Karayaylali and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improving electrochemical energy storage devices is critical for the development of renewable energy storage devices for transportation, grid and residential applications. Lithium-ion batteries are the leading technology in the markets due to its good cycle life and high-energy density. However, current high production cost and safety concerns constrain their usage for various applications. Understanding the reactivity between the positive electrode and electrolyte is crucial for developing next-generation safer and cheaper lithium-ion batteries. The focus of this thesis is on the effect of the positive electrode/electrolyte interface (EEI) on the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion cells. To avoid any ambiguities from the presence of carbon or binder, oxide-only electrodes were used for these studies. First, the EEI layer on LiCoO2 electrodes was studied using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and a correlation between interface composition and the ethylene carbonate (EC) dissociation on positive electrode surfaces was observed. This concept was extended to lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides with different nickel contents (NMCl 11, NMC622, and NMC811 electrodes). Using these electrodes, we showed experimental evidence for EC dehydrogenation on charged NMC electrodes, which became more pronounced as the nickel content increased. Greater salt decomposition was coupled with the earlier onset of EC dehydrogenation with increasing nickel content or delithiation amount. Building upon these studies, we investigated different ways to improve cycling performance and to reduce or eliminate the effect of EC dehydrogenation on NMC surfaces. In this thesis, we explore various methods to stabilize high-energy positive electrodes such as coatings and electrolyte additives. Through studying different coatings, we propose that high band-gap insulators such as A12O3 are the best coating materials for positive electrodes due to reduced reactivity with electrolyte solvent (EC dehydrogenation) and salts (formation of lithium nickel fluoride/oxyfluoride species). We also show that adding chemically stable but electrochemically unstable electrolyte additives can reduce the effect of EC dehydrogenation even for NMC811 electrodes. We believe that by connecting surface reactivity on oxides with cycling performance, we can pinpoint key parameters to better lithium-ion cells.
Book Synopsis Understanding Electronic Structure and Interfaces of Positive Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries by : Pinar Karayaylali
Download or read book Understanding Electronic Structure and Interfaces of Positive Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries written by Pinar Karayaylali and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium ion batteries are the currently the best commercial battery in the market and they are used as energy storage devices for mobile phones, laptops, and other portable electronic devices. This is due to their balance of high energy density with high power density compared to other electrochemical energy devices. Also, these days the automotive industry wants to use lithium ion batteries to electric vehicles to reduce the pollution and independence to oil. Although lithium ion batteries are currently one of the best energy storage devices, there is still an ample room for improvement. One of the key parameters to study is electrode/electrolyte interface of electrodes. EEI on the negative electrode, also known as Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) has the well-known structure with organic and inorganic compounds. Although EEI on negative electrodes is well known, it is not the case for positive electrodes. Numerous studies have been done on positive electrodes; however, there is still a need for systematic study of these interfaces on positive electrodes. This thesis is about understanding the reactivity and interactions of Li-ion battery positive electrode materials with the electrolyte. By understanding reactions at the EEI, we can develop a way to improve cycle life and safety of lithium ion batteries. To unambiguously pinpoint the electrode/electrolyte interface layers on different positive electrode materials, 100 % active materials are used as positive electrodes instead of composite electrodes.
Book Synopsis Electrodes for Li-ion Batteries by : Laure Monconduit
Download or read book Electrodes for Li-ion Batteries written by Laure Monconduit and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-02 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electrochemical energy storage is a means to conserve electrical energy in chemical form. This form of storage benefits from the fact that these two energies share the same vector, the electron. This advantage allows us to limit the losses related to the conversion of energy from one form to another. The RS2E focuses its research on rechargeable electrochemical devices (or electrochemical storage) batteries and supercapacitors. The materials used in the electrodes are key components of lithium-ion batteries. Their nature depend battery performance in terms of mass and volume capacity, energy density, power, durability, safety, etc. This book deals with current and future positive and negative electrode materials covering aspects related to research new and better materials for future applications (related to renewable energy storage and transportation in particular), bringing light on the mechanisms of operation, aging and failure.
Book Synopsis STUDIES OF THE EFFECTS OF ELECTROLYTE ADDITIVES ON THE REACTIVITY BETWEEN CHARGED ELECTRODES AND ELECTROLYTES IN LI-ION BATTERIES USING ACCELERATING RATE CALORIMETRY. by : Lin Ma
Download or read book STUDIES OF THE EFFECTS OF ELECTROLYTE ADDITIVES ON THE REACTIVITY BETWEEN CHARGED ELECTRODES AND ELECTROLYTES IN LI-ION BATTERIES USING ACCELERATING RATE CALORIMETRY. written by Lin Ma and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrolyte additives can extend lifetime of Li-ion cells because they can modify the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the negative electrode and the passivation layer on the positive electrode. Electrolyte additives affect the reactions between the charged electrodes and electrolytes at high temperature and may impact the safety of Li-ion cells. In order to be able to distinguish the effects of an additive or additive blends on the reactivity of positive or negative electrodes with electrolytes at elevated temperatures, an experimental method has been developed based on accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). This method proved to be useful and showed that selected additives affected the reaction between lithiated graphite and electrolytes more than that between delithiated Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 and electrolytes. Some of the selected additives or additive combinations dramatically decreased the self-heating rate compared to control electrolyte. Incorporating such additives or additive combinations into Li-ion cells should lead to safer Li-ion cells.
Book Synopsis Combining Electroanalysis and Nanoscale Characterization to Understand Battery Electrolytes by : David Thomas Boyle
Download or read book Combining Electroanalysis and Nanoscale Characterization to Understand Battery Electrolytes written by David Thomas Boyle and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of batteries with higher energy density than conventional Li-ion batteries can facilitate electrification of passenger vehicles, aeronautics, and long-range transportation. Metallic lithium is the ideal anode for maximizing energy density, but insufficient rechargeability limits its widespread adoption. The reactivity of Li with electrolytes and growth of filamentary "dendritic" Li morphologies during charging underly its poor rechargeability. Electrolyte engineering can simply and effectively mitigate these problems; however, the mechanistic basis for the dependence of Li passivation and morphology on electrolyte chemistry remains poorly understood. In this dissertation, I discuss how it is now possible to understand the complex multiscale relationship between electrolyte chemistry and rechargeability by using the complementary strengths of electroanalysis and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. First, I discuss the electrochemical and structural evolution of a passivation film on Li called the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in select electrolytes. The results refine our understanding of SEI structure and growth and suggest control of electroplated Li morphology is key to prevent corrosion of Li during calendar aging. Next, I will discuss the current and electrolyte dependence of Li plating pathways and kinetics to reveal the main factors controlling Li morphology. The results first show that fracture of the SEI and exposure of fresh Li-electrolyte interfaces -- as opposed to mass transport limitations alone -- are responsible for dendritic Li plating during fast charging. I then discuss a new electroanalytical method using ultramicroelectrodes that can probe the charge-transfer kinetics at fresh Li-electrolyte interfaces after SEI fracture. The kinetics deviate from classical Butler-Volmer models and provide insight into how solvation and interfacial structure tune reaction rates in batteries. Correlating the kinetics in many electrolytes to rechargeability suggests that the equilibrium potential of Li/Li+ redox and surface energy -- thermodynamic factors modulated by the strength of Li+ solvation -- underly trends of Li morphology across distinct classes of electrolyte.
Book Synopsis Battery Management Systems by : H.J. Bergveld
Download or read book Battery Management Systems written by H.J. Bergveld and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Battery Management Systems - Design by Modelling describes the design of Battery Management Systems (BMS) with the aid of simulation methods. The basic tasks of BMS are to ensure optimum use of the energy stored in the battery (pack) that powers a portable device and to prevent damage inflicted on the battery (pack). This becomes increasingly important due to the larger power consumption associated with added features to portable devices on the one hand and the demand for longer run times on the other hand. In addition to explaining the general principles of BMS tasks such as charging algorithms and State-of-Charge (SoC) indication methods, the book also covers real-life examples of BMS functionality of practical portable devices such as shavers and cellular phones. Simulations offer the advantage over measurements that less time is needed to gain knowledge of a battery's behaviour in interaction with other parts in a portable device under a wide variety of conditions. This knowledge can be used to improve the design of a BMS, even before a prototype of the portable device has been built. The battery is the central part of a BMS and good simulation models that can be used to improve the BMS design were previously unavailable. Therefore, a large part of the book is devoted to the construction of simulation models for rechargeable batteries. With the aid of several illustrations it is shown that design improvements can indeed be realized with the presented battery models. Examples include an improved charging algorithm that was elaborated in simulations and verified in practice and a new SoC indication system that was developed showing promising results. The contents of Battery Management Systems - Design by Modelling is based on years of research performed at the Philips Research Laboratories. The combination of basic and detailed descriptions of battery behaviour both in chemical and electrical terms makes this book truly multidisciplinary. It can therefore be read both by people with an (electro)chemical and an electrical engineering background.
Book Synopsis Lithium Batteries by : Bruno Scrosati
Download or read book Lithium Batteries written by Bruno Scrosati and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains the current state of the science and points the way to technological advances First developed in the late 1980s, lithium-ion batteries now power everything from tablet computers to power tools to electric cars. Despite tremendous progress in the last two decades in the engineering and manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries, they are currently unable to meet the energy and power demands of many new and emerging devices. This book sets the stage for the development of a new generation of higher-energy density, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries by advancing battery chemistry and identifying new electrode and electrolyte materials. The first chapter of Lithium Batteries sets the foundation for the rest of the book with a brief account of the history of lithium-ion battery development. Next, the book covers such topics as: Advanced organic and ionic liquid electrolytes for battery applications Advanced cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries Metal fluorosulphates capable of doubling the energy density of lithium-ion batteries Efforts to develop lithium-air batteries Alternative anode rechargeable batteries such as magnesium and sodium anode systems Each of the sixteen chapters has been contributed by one or more leading experts in electrochemistry and lithium battery technology. Their contributions are based on the latest published findings as well as their own firsthand laboratory experience. Figures throughout the book help readers understand the concepts underlying the latest efforts to advance the science of batteries and develop new materials. Readers will also find a bibliography at the end of each chapter to facilitate further research into individual topics. Lithium Batteries provides electrochemistry students and researchers with a snapshot of current efforts to improve battery performance as well as the tools needed to advance their own research efforts.
Book Synopsis Electrolytes, Interfaces and Interphases by : Kang Xu
Download or read book Electrolytes, Interfaces and Interphases written by Kang Xu and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2023-04-12 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrolytes are indispensable components in electrochemistry and the fast-growing electrochemical energy storage markets. Research in electrolytes has witnessed exponential growth in recent years, accompanied by their applications in the most popular electrochemical cell ever invented, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In myriads of LIBs, electrolytes and their interphases determine how high the voltage of a battery is, how many times it can be charged/discharged, or how rapid the energy stored therein could be released. The conquest of further technical challenges around safety, life and cost-effectiveness of lithium-based or beyond-lithium batteries requires in-depth understanding of electrolytes and interphases. This will be the authoritative textbook for those entering the field. Chapters will establish the fundamental principles for the field, before moving onto important knowledge acquired in recent years. There will be special emphasis on linking these fundamentals to real-world problems encountered in devices, especially lithium-ion batteries. The book will be suitable for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in electrochemical energy storage, electrochemistry, materials science and engineering, as well as researchers new to the subject.
Book Synopsis Understanding the Pathway and Mechanism of Electrolyte Decomposition on Metal Oxide Surfaces in Li-ion Batteries by in Situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy by : Yirui Zhang (S.M.)
Download or read book Understanding the Pathway and Mechanism of Electrolyte Decomposition on Metal Oxide Surfaces in Li-ion Batteries by in Situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy written by Yirui Zhang (S.M.) and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding (electro)chemical reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface (EEI) is crucial to promote the cycle life of lithium-ion batteries. In situ studies of EEI can provide new insights into reaction intermediates and soluble species not accessible by ex situ characterization of electrode surfaces. In this study, we developed an in situ Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) method to investigate the (electro)chemical reactions at the interface between the electrolyte and composite positive electrode surface during charging. While ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and ethylene carbonate (EC) were stable against (electro)chemical oxidation on Pt up to 4.8 VL, dehydrogenation of both carbonates on the surface of LiNio.8Cooa.Mno.l02 (NMC81 1) electrodes was revealed by in situ FTIR spectra and density functional theory (DFT). Both solvents can dehydrogenate and form de-H EC and de-H EMC, respectively, with carbon atom binding to lattice oxygen and sticking on surface. De-H EC can further remove another hydrogen atom to form vinylene carbonate (VC) or bind together to form oligomers, both of which are soluble and hard to be accessed through ex-situ methods. In situ FTIR method successfully tracked detailed pathways of solvent decomposition on oxide surface, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) further confirmed the formation of a passivating layer from solvent decomposition on the surface. The impedance growth is oxide and solvation structure-dependent and it accounts for battery degrading. We finally proposed and verified multiple strategies to further improve the cycling stability of high-energy density positive electrode in Li-ion batteries.
Book Synopsis Redox Flow Batteries by : Huamin Zhang
Download or read book Redox Flow Batteries written by Huamin Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flow batteries have received attention in large-scale energy storage due to their flexible design, high safety, high energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness. In recent years, they have been rapidly developed and tested in a variety of scales that prove their feasibility and advantages of use. As energy becomes a global focus, it is important to consider flow battery systems. This book offers a detailed introduction to the function of different kinds of redox flow batteries, including vanadium flow batteries, as well as the electrochemical processes for their development, materials and components, applications, and near future prospects. Redox Flow Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications will give readers a full understanding of flow batteries from fundamentals to commercial applications.
Book Synopsis Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries by : Christian Julien
Download or read book Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries written by Christian Julien and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-10-31 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A lithium-ion battery comprises essentially three components: two intercalation compounds as positive and negative electrodes, separated by an ionic-electronic electrolyte. Each component is discussed in sufficient detail to give the practising engineer an understanding of the subject, providing guidance on the selection of suitable materials in actual applications. Each topic covered is written by an expert, reflecting many years of experience in research and applications. Each topic is provided with an extensive list of references, allowing easy access to further information. Readership: Research students and engineers seeking an expert review. Graduate courses in electrical drives can also be designed around the book by selecting sections for discussion. The coverage and treatment make the book indispensable for the lithium battery community.
Book Synopsis Nanomaterials for Lithium-Ion Batteries by : Rachid Yazami
Download or read book Nanomaterials for Lithium-Ion Batteries written by Rachid Yazami and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-10-08 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the most recent advances in the science and technology of nanostructured materials for lithium-ion application. With contributions from renowned scientists and technologists, the chapters discuss state-of-the-art research on nanostructured anode and cathode materials, some already used in commercial batteries and others still in de
Book Synopsis Electrochemical Systems by : John Newman
Download or read book Electrochemical Systems written by John Newman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-11-27 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new edition of the cornerstone text on electrochemistry Spans all the areas of electrochemistry, from the basicsof thermodynamics and electrode kinetics to transport phenomena inelectrolytes, metals, and semiconductors. Newly updated andexpanded, the Third Edition covers important new treatments, ideas,and technologies while also increasing the book's accessibility forreaders in related fields. Rigorous and complete presentation of the fundamentalconcepts In-depth examples applying the concepts to real-life designproblems Homework problems ranging from the reinforcing to the highlythought-provoking Extensive bibliography giving both the historical developmentof the field and references for the practicing electrochemist.
Book Synopsis Understanding Two-phase Reaction Processes in Electrodes for Li-ion Batteries by : Hao Liu
Download or read book Understanding Two-phase Reaction Processes in Electrodes for Li-ion Batteries written by Hao Liu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Consequences of Combinatorial Studies of Positive Electrodes for Li-ion Batteries by : Eric McCalla
Download or read book Consequences of Combinatorial Studies of Positive Electrodes for Li-ion Batteries written by Eric McCalla and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-04-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Li-Co-Mn-Ni oxides have been of extreme interest as potential positive electrode materials for next generation Li-ion batteries. Though many promising materials have been discovered and studied extensively, much debate remains in the literature about the structures of these materials. There is no consensus as to whether the lithium-rich layered materials are single-phase or form a layered-layered composite on the few nanometer length-scales. Much of this debate came about because no phase diagrams existed to describe these systems under the synthesis conditions used to make electrode materials. Detailed in this thesis are the complete Li-Co-Mn-O and Li-Mn-Ni-O phase diagrams generated by way of the combinatorial synthesis of mg-scale samples at over five hundred compositions characterized with X-ray diffraction. Selected bulk samples were used to confirm that the findings are relevant to synthesis conditions used commercially. The results help resolve a number of points of confusion and contradiction in the literature. Amongst other important findings, the compositions and synthesis conditions giving rise to layered-layered nano-composites are presented and electrochemical results are used to show how better electrode materials can be achieved by making samples in the single phase-layered regions.
Book Synopsis Lithium Batteries by : Gholam-Abbas Nazri
Download or read book Lithium Batteries written by Gholam-Abbas Nazri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-14 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium Batteries: Science and Technology is an up-to-date and comprehensive compendium on advanced power sources and energy related topics. Each chapter is a detailed and thorough treatment of its subject. The volume includes several tutorials and contributes to an understanding of the many fields that impact the development of lithium batteries. Recent advances on various components are included and numerous examples of innovation are presented. Extensive references are given at the end of each chapter. All contributors are internationally recognized experts in their respective specialty. The fundamental knowledge necessary for designing new battery materials with desired physical and chemical properties including structural, electronic and reactivity are discussed. The molecular engineering of battery materials is treated by the most advanced theoretical and experimental methods.
Book Synopsis Lithium-Ion Batteries: Basics and Applications by : Reiner Korthauer
Download or read book Lithium-Ion Batteries: Basics and Applications written by Reiner Korthauer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-07 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The handbook focuses on a complete outline of lithium-ion batteries. Just before starting with an exposition of the fundamentals of this system, the book gives a short explanation of the newest cell generation. The most important elements are described as negative / positive electrode materials, electrolytes, seals and separators. The battery disconnect unit and the battery management system are important parts of modern lithium-ion batteries. An economical, faultless and efficient battery production is a must today and is represented with one chapter in the handbook. Cross-cutting issues like electrical, chemical, functional safety are further topics. Last but not least standards and transportation themes are the final chapters of the handbook. The different topics of the handbook provide a good knowledge base not only for those working daily on electrochemical energy storage, but also to scientists, engineers and students concerned in modern battery systems.
