Underground Nuclear Testing At The Nevada Test Site

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The Nevada Test Site

Author : Emmet Gowin
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691196036
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis The Nevada Test Site by : Emmet Gowin

Download or read book The Nevada Test Site written by Emmet Gowin and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-08 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Emmet Gowin likes to ask a provocative question: "Which country on earth has had the largest number of nuclear bombs detonated within its borders?" The answer is the United States. Covering approximately 680 square miles, the Nevada National Security Site, formerly known as the Nevada Test Site, was the primary testing location of American nuclear devices from 1951 to 1992; 1,021 announced nuclear tests occurred there, 921 of which were underground. The site, which is closed to the public, including its airspace, contains 28 areas, 1,100 buildings, 400 miles of paved roads, 300 miles of unpaved roads, 10 heliports, and two airstrips. Its surface is covered with subsidence craters from testing, and in places looks like the moon. In 1996, Gowin received permission to document the landscape by air, after over a decade of working to secure access. These aerial views of environmental devastation--made quietly majestic but no less potent in the hands of a master photographer--unveil environmental travesties on a grand scale. While groups of images from the Nevada Test Site series have been published previously, this book will produce the largest number yet, and three quarters of the pictures will not have been published at all. Gowin is the only photographer to have been granted access to this site, which is now permanently closed, post-9/11. Other than images made by the government for geographic purposes, no other images of this landscape exist. The book will feature a preface by photographer Robert Adams (America, b. 1937), whose photographic and written work is concerned with landscape, urbanization, and activism. It will also feature an afterword by Gowin on how he made the images, and their significance to him today."--Provided by publisher.

United States Nuclear Tests

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis United States Nuclear Tests by :

Download or read book United States Nuclear Tests written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document lists chronologically and alphabetically by name all nuclear tests and simultaneous detonations conducted by the United States from July 1945 through September 1992. Two nuclear weapons that the United States exploded over Japan ending World War II are not listed. These detonations were not "tests" in the sense that they were conducted to prove that the weapon would work as designed (as was the first test near Alamogordo, New Mexico on July 16, 1945), or to advance nuclear weapon design, or to determine weapons effects, or to verify weapon safety as were the more than one thousand tests that have taken place since June 30,1946. The nuclear weapon (nicknamed "Little Boy") dropped August 6,1945 from a United States Army Air Force B-29 bomber (the Enola Gay) and detonated over Hiroshima, Japan had an energy yield equivalent to that of 15,000 tons of TNT. The nuclear weapon (virtually identical to "Fat Man") exploded in a similar fashion August 9, 1945 over Nagaski, Japan had a yield of 21,000 tons of TNT. Both detonations were intended to end World War II as quickly as possible. Data on United States tests were obtained from, and verified by, the U.S. Department of Energy's three weapons laboratories -- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California; and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Additionally, data were obtained from public announcements issued by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and its successors, the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, and the U.S. Department of Energy, respectively.

Nevada Test Site

Author : Peter W. Merlin
Publisher : Arcadia Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1467117447
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (671 download)

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Book Synopsis Nevada Test Site by : Peter W. Merlin

Download or read book Nevada Test Site written by Peter W. Merlin and published by Arcadia Publishing. This book was released on 2016 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Since Pres. Harry Truman established the Nevada Test Site (NTS) in December 1950, it has played a vital role in the security of the United States. For four decades, the test site's primary purpose was developmental testing of nuclear explosives. Atmospheric tests conducted over Yucca Flat and Frenchman Flat between 1951 and 1962 involved thousands of Army troops and Marines simulating nuclear battlefield conditions. Civil defense planners studied blast and radiation effects and evaluated bomb shelter designs. Testing moved underground in 1963 to eliminate radioactive fallout. Other projects at the NTS included nuclear rocket engine development for space travel, training for NASA's Apollo astronauts, excavation experiments, radioactive waste storage studies, and aircraft testing. Since the last underground nuclear test in 1992, this geographically diverse testing and training complex north of Las Vegas--known since 2010 as the Nevada National Security Site--has been used to support nuclear stockpile stewardship and as a unique outdoor laboratory for government and industry research and development efforts."--Page 4 of cover.

Effects of Nuclear Earth-Penetrator and Other Weapons

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309096731
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Nuclear Earth-Penetrator and Other Weapons by : National Research Council

Download or read book Effects of Nuclear Earth-Penetrator and Other Weapons written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-10-06 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underground facilities are used extensively by many nations to conceal and protect strategic military functions and weapons' stockpiles. Because of their depth and hardened status, however, many of these strategic hard and deeply buried targets could only be put at risk by conventional or nuclear earth penetrating weapons (EPW). Recently, an engineering feasibility study, the robust nuclear earth penetrator program, was started by DOE and DOD to determine if a more effective EPW could be designed using major components of existing nuclear weapons. This activity has created some controversy about, among other things, the level of collateral damage that would ensue if such a weapon were used. To help clarify this issue, the Congress, in P.L. 107-314, directed the Secretary of Defense to request from the NRC a study of the anticipated health and environmental effects of nuclear earth-penetrators and other weapons and the effect of both conventional and nuclear weapons against the storage of biological and chemical weapons. This report provides the results of those analyses. Based on detailed numerical calculations, the report presents a series of findings comparing the effectiveness and expected collateral damage of nuclear EPW and surface nuclear weapons under a variety of conditions.

Doom Towns

Author : Andrew G. Kirk
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780199375905
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (759 download)

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Book Synopsis Doom Towns by : Andrew G. Kirk

Download or read book Doom Towns written by Andrew G. Kirk and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Explains critical technological developments and the policies that drove weapons innovation within the context of the specific environments and communities where testing actually took place ... [and] emphasizes the people who participated, protested, or were affected by atomic testing and explains the decision-making process that resulted in these people and places becoming the only locations and groups to actually experience nuclear warfare during the Cold War"--

Bombs in the Backyard

Author : A. Constandina Titus
Publisher : University of Nevada Press
ISBN 13 : 0874179629
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (741 download)

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Book Synopsis Bombs in the Backyard by : A. Constandina Titus

Download or read book Bombs in the Backyard written by A. Constandina Titus and published by University of Nevada Press. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On January 27, 1951, the first atomic weapon was detonated over a section of desert known as Frenchman Flat in southern Nevada, providing dramatic evidence of the Nevada Test Site's beginnings. Fifty years later, author A. Costandina Titus reviews contemporary nuclear policy issues concerning the continued viability of that site for weapons testing. Titus has updated her now-classic study of atomic testing with fifteen years of political and cultural history, from the mid-1980s Reagan-Gorbachev nuclear standoff to the authorization of the Nevada Test Site Research Center, a Desert Research Institute facility scheduled to open in 2001. In this second edition of Bombs in the Backyard, Titus deftly covers the post-Cold War transformation of American atomic policy as well as our overarching cultural interest in all matters atomic, making this a must-read for anyone interested in atomic policy and politics.

American Ground Zero

Author : Carole Gallagher
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262071460
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis American Ground Zero by : Carole Gallagher

Download or read book American Ground Zero written by Carole Gallagher and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One photojournalist's decade-long commitment, a gripping collection of portraits and interviews of those whose lives were crossed by radioactive fallout.

Assessment of the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309096103
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessment of the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program by : National Research Council

Download or read book Assessment of the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-10-01 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA) was set up by Congress in 1990 to compensate people who have been diagnosed with specified cancers and chronic diseases that could have resulted from exposure to nuclear-weapons tests at various U.S. test sites. Eligible claimants include civilian onsite participants, downwinders who lived in areas currently designated by RECA, and uranium workers and ore transporters who meet specified residence or exposure criteria. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), which oversees the screening, education, and referral services program for RECA populations, asked the National Academies to review its program and assess whether new scientific information could be used to improve its program and determine if additional populations or geographic areas should be covered under RECA. The report recommends Congress should establish a new science-based process using a method called "probability of causation/assigned share" (PC/AS) to determine eligibility for compensation. Because fallout may have been higher for people outside RECA-designated areas, the new PC/AS process should apply to all residents of the continental US, Alaska, Hawaii, and overseas US territories who have been diagnosed with specific RECA-compensable diseases and who may have been exposed, even in utero, to radiation from U.S. nuclear-weapons testing fallout. However, because the risks of radiation-induced disease are generally low at the exposure levels of concern in RECA populations, in most cases it is unlikely that exposure to radioactive fallout was a substantial contributing cause of cancer.

Area 51

Author : Annie Jacobsen
Publisher : Little, Brown
ISBN 13 : 0316193852
Total Pages : 628 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (161 download)

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Book Synopsis Area 51 by : Annie Jacobsen

Download or read book Area 51 written by Annie Jacobsen and published by Little, Brown. This book was released on 2011-05-17 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This "compellingly hard-hitting" bestseller from a Pulitzer Prize finalist gives readers the complete untold story of the top-secret military base for the first time (New York Times). It is the most famous military installation in the world. And it doesn't exist. Located a mere seventy-five miles outside of Las Vegas in Nevada's desert, the base has never been acknowledged by the U.S. government — but Area 51 has captivated imaginations for decades. Myths and hypotheses about Area 51 have long abounded, thanks to the intense secrecy enveloping it. Some claim it is home to aliens, underground tunnel systems, and nuclear facilities. Others believe that the lunar landing itself was filmed there. The prevalence of these rumors stems from the fact that no credible insider has ever divulged the truth about his time inside the base. Until now. Annie Jacobsen had exclusive access to nineteen men who served the base proudly and secretly for decades and are now aged 75-92, and unprecedented access to fifty-five additional military and intelligence personnel, scientists, pilots, and engineers linked to the secret base, thirty-two of whom lived and worked there for extended periods. In Area 51, Jacobsen shows us what has really gone on in the Nevada desert, from testing nuclear weapons to building super-secret, supersonic jets to pursuing the War on Terror. This is the first book based on interviews with eye witnesses to Area 51 history, which makes it the seminal work on the subject. Filled with formerly classified information that has never been accurately decoded for the public, Area 51 weaves the mysterious activities of the top-secret base into a gripping narrative, showing that facts are often more fantastic than fiction, especially when the distinction is almost impossible to make.

Downwind

Author : Sarah Alisabeth Fox
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 0803269498
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Downwind by : Sarah Alisabeth Fox

Download or read book Downwind written by Sarah Alisabeth Fox and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2014-11-01 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Downwind is an unflinching tale of the atomic West that reveals the intentional disregard for human and animal life through nuclear testing by the federal government and uranium extraction by mining corporations during and after the Cold War. Sarah Alisabeth Fox highlights the personal cost of nuclear testing and uranium extraction in the American West through extensive interviews with “downwinders,” the Native American and non-Native residents of the Great Basin region affected by nuclear environmental contamination and nuclear-testing fallout. These downwinders tell tales of communities ravaged by cancer epidemics, farmers and ranchers economically ruined by massive crop and animal deaths, and Native miners working in dangerous conditions without proper safety equipment so that the government could surreptitiously study the effects of radiation on humans. In chilling detail Downwind brings to light the stories and concerns of these groups whose voices have been silenced and marginalized for decades in the name of “patriotism” and “national security.” With the renewed boom in mining in the American West, Fox’s look at this hidden history, unearthed from years of field interviews, archival research, and epidemiological studies, is a must-read for every American concerned about the fate of our western lands and communities.

The Baneberry Disaster

Author : Larry Charles Johns
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781943859450
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (594 download)

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Book Synopsis The Baneberry Disaster by : Larry Charles Johns

Download or read book The Baneberry Disaster written by Larry Charles Johns and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compelling recollection of the environmental and human consequences of the underground nuclear test's failure at Baneberry.

Uranium

Author : Tom Zoellner
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 9780670020645
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Uranium by : Tom Zoellner

Download or read book Uranium written by Tom Zoellner and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2009 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A history of the powerful mineral element explores its role as a virtually limitless energy source, its controversial applications as a healing tool and weapon, and the ways in which its reputation has been used to promote war agendas in the middle east.

100 Suns

Author : Michael Light
Publisher : Knopf
ISBN 13 : 0307509834
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis 100 Suns by : Michael Light

Download or read book 100 Suns written by Michael Light and published by Knopf. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between July 1945 and November 1962 the United States is known to have conducted 216 atmospheric and underwater nuclear tests. After the Limited Test Ban Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1963, nuclear testing went underground. It became literally invisible—but more frequent: the United States conducted a further 723 underground tests, the last in 1992. 100 Suns documents the era of visible nuclear testing, the atmospheric era, with one hundred photographs drawn by Michael Light from the archives at Los Alamos National Laboratory and the U.S. National Archives in Maryland. It includes previously classified material from the clandestine Lookout Mountain Air Force Station based in Hollywood, whose film directors, cameramen and still photographers were sworn to secrecy. The title, 100 Suns, refers to the response by J.Robert Oppenheimer to the world’s first nuclear explosion in New Mexico when he quoted a passage from the Bhagavad Gita, the classic Vedic text: “If the radiance of a thousand suns were to burst forth at once in the sky, that would be like the splendor of the Mighty One . . . I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.” This was Oppenheimer’s attempt to describe the otherwise indescribable. 100 Suns likewise confronts the indescribable by presenting without embellishment the stark evidence of the tests at the moment of detonation. Since the tests were conducted either in Nevada or the Pacific the book is simply divided between the desert and the ocean. Each photograph is presented with the name of the test, its explosive yield in kilotons or megatons, the date and the location. The enormity of the events recorded is contrasted with the understated neutrality of bare data. Interspersed within the sequence of explosions are pictures of the awestruck witnesses. The evidence of these photographs is terrifying in its implication while at same time profoundly disconcerting as a spectacle. The visual grandeur of such imagery is balanced by the chilling facts provided at the end of the book in the detailed captions, a chronology of the development of nuclear weaponry and an extensive bibliography. A dramatic sequel to Michael Light’s Full Moon, 100 Suns forms an unprecedented historical document.

UNDERGROUND EXPLOSION EFFECTS.

Author : D. C. Sachs
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis UNDERGROUND EXPLOSION EFFECTS. by : D. C. Sachs

Download or read book UNDERGROUND EXPLOSION EFFECTS. written by D. C. Sachs and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Project 1.7 of Operation TEAPOT was concerned with the measurement of surface and subsurface effects of an underground explosion of a 1.2-kt nuclear burst (Shot 7). The measurements included free-field earth and airblast effects, as well as loading on underground structural devices. This report deals with the presentation and analysis of the free-field data only; the structural data have been transmitted to the appropriate agencies for their analysis. From the 76 channels installed on TEAPOT Shot 7, 75 usable records were obtained. The free-field quantities measured include air-blast pressure, earth acceleration, earth stress and strain, and permanent earth displacement. The results are discussed by phenomenon and, in each case, the TEAPOT data are compared with pretest predictions. Also, where data are available, comparisons are made with previous underground nuclear test results. Some aspects of seismology and soil mechanics as applied to underground explosion phenomena are presented and, finally, the most pertinent high explosives results from subsequent tests conducted at the TEAPOT location are summarized. (Author).

Nuclear Landscapes

Author : Peter Goin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Landscapes by : Peter Goin

Download or read book Nuclear Landscapes written by Peter Goin and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photographer Groin presents all-too-vivid color images of sites in the US where nuclear testing has significantly altered the landscape and anything (usually not much) that still lives there. Also includes historical and official photographs of tests and their effects. An exhibit of the photographs is currently touring the country. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Temperatures from Underground Detonation, Shot Rainier

Author : T. C. Goodale
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Temperatures from Underground Detonation, Shot Rainier by : T. C. Goodale

Download or read book Temperatures from Underground Detonation, Shot Rainier written by T. C. Goodale and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Silencing the Bomb

Author : Lynn R. Sykes
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231544197
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Silencing the Bomb by : Lynn R. Sykes

Download or read book Silencing the Bomb written by Lynn R. Sykes and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In December 2016, the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists moved their iconic “Doomsday Clock” thirty seconds forward to two and a half minutes to midnight, the latest it has been set since 1952, the year of the first United States hydrogen bomb test. But a group of scientists—geologists, engineers, and physicists—has been fighting to turn back the clock. Since the dawn of the Cold War, they have advocated a halt to nuclear testing, their work culminating in the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, which still awaits ratification from China, Iran, North Korea—and the United States. The backbone of the treaty is every nation’s ability to independently monitor the nuclear activity of the others. The noted seismologist Lynn R. Sykes, one of the central figures in the development of the science and technology used in monitoring, has dedicated his career to halting nuclear testing. In Silencing the Bomb, he tells the inside story behind scientists’ quest for disarmament. Called upon time and again to testify before Congress and to inform the public, Sykes and his colleagues were, for much of the Cold War, among the only people on earth able to say with certainty when and where a bomb was tested and how large it was. Methods of measuring earthquakes, researchers realized, could also detect underground nuclear explosions. When politicians on both sides of the Iron Curtain attempted to sidestep disarmament or test ban treaties, Sykes was able to deploy the nascent science of plate tectonics to reveal the truth. Seismologists’ discoveries helped bring about treaties limiting nuclear testing, but it was their activism that played a key role in the effort for peace. Full of intrigue, international politics, and hard science used for the global good, Silencing the Bomb is a timely and necessary chronicle of one scientist’s efforts to keep the clock from striking midnight.