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Author : Maximilian Jakob Bucher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Ultrafast Dynamics of Nanoparticles in Highly Intense X-Ray Pulses written by Maximilian Jakob Bucher and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Markus Kitzler
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319201735
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)
Download or read book Ultrafast Dynamics Driven by Intense Light Pulses written by Markus Kitzler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-24 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book documents the recent vivid developments in the research field of ultrashort intense light pulses for probing and controlling ultrafast dynamics. The recent fascinating results in studying and controlling ultrafast dynamics in ever more complicated systems such as (bio-)molecules and structures of meso- to macroscopic sizes on ever shorter time-scales are presented. The book is written by some of the most eminent experimental and theoretical experts in the field. It covers the new groundbreaking research directions that were opened by the availability of new light sources such as fully controlled intense laser fields with durations down to a single oscillation cycle, short-wavelength laser-driven attosecond pulses and intense X-ray pulses from the upcoming free electron lasers. These light sources allowed the investigation of dynamics in atoms, molecules, clusters, on surfaces and very recently also in nanostructures and solids in new regimes of parameters which, in turn, led to the identification of completely new dynamics and methods for controlling it. Example topics covered by this book include the study of ultrafast processes in large molecules using attosecond pulses, control of ultrafast electron dynamics in solids with shaped femtosecond laser pulses, light-driven ultrafast plasmonic processes on surfaces and in nanostructures as well as research on atomic and molecular systems under intense X-ray radiation. This book is equally helpful for people who would like to step into this field (e.g. young researchers), for whom it provides a broad introduction, as well as for already experienced researchers who may enjoy the exhaustive discussion that covers the research on essentially all currently studied objects and with all available ultrafast pulse sources.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (915 download)
Download or read book Ultrafast Light Induced Dynamics of Xe Nanoparticles Studied with a Combination of Intense Infrared and X-ray Pulses written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jeffrey Powell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)
Download or read book Strong-field Driven Dynamics of Metal and Dielectric Nanoparticles written by Jeffrey Powell and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The motion of electrons in atoms, molecules, and solids in the presence of intense electromagnetic radiation is an important research topic in physics and physical chemistry because of its fundamental nature and numerous practical applications, ranging from precise machining of materials to optical control of chemical reactions and light-driven electronic devices. Mechanisms of light-matter interactions critically depend on the dimensions of the irradiated system and evolve significantly from single atoms or molecules to the macroscopic bulk. Nanoparticles provide the link between these two extremes. In this thesis, I take advantage of this bridge to study light-matter interactions as a function of nanoparticle size, shape, and composition. I present here three discrete, but interconnected, experiments contributing to our knowledge of nanoparticle properties and their response to intense, short-pulsed light fields. First, I investigate how individual nanoparticles interact with each other in solution, studying their temperature-dependent solubility. The interaction potential between 5.5nm gold nanoparticles, ligated by an alkanethiol was found to be -0.165eV, in reasonable agreement with a phenomenological model. The other two experiments explore ultrafast dynamics driven by intense femtosecond lasers in isolated, gas-phase metallic and dielectric nanoparticles. Photoelectron momentum imaging is applied to study the response of gold, silica, and gold-shell/silica-core nanoparticles (ranging from single to several hundred nanometers in size) with near-infrared (NIR), 25 fs laser pulses in the intensity range of 1011 - 1014 W/cm2. These measurements, which constitute the bulk of my graduate work, reveal the complex interplay between the external optical field and the induced near-field of the nanoparticle, resulting in the emission of very energetic electrons that are much faster than those emitted from isolated atoms or molecules exposed to the same light pulses. The highest photoelectron energies ("cutoffs") were measured as a function of laser intensity, nanoparticle material and size. We found that the energy cutoffs increase monotonically with laser intensity and nanoparticle size, except for the gold/silica hybrid where the plasmon resonance response modifies this behavior at low intensities. The measured photoelectron spectra for metallic nanoparticles display a large energy enhancement over silica. Finally, the last part of this thesis explores the possibility to apply time-resolved x-ray scattering as a probe of the ultrafast dynamics in isolated nanoparticles driven by very intense (~1015 W/cm2) NIR laser radiation. To do this, I developed and built a nanoparticle source capable of injecting single, gas-phase nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution into the laser focus. We used femtosecond x-ray pulses from an x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) to map the evolution of the laser-irradiated nanoparticle. The ultrafast dynamics were observed in the single-shot x-ray diffraction patterns measured as a function of delay between the NIR and x-ray pulses, which allows for femtosecond temporal and nanometer spatial resolution. We found that the intense IR laser pulse rapidly ionizes the nanoparticle, effectively turning it into a nanoplasma within less than a picosecond, and observed signatures of the nanoparticle surface softening on a few hundred-femtosecond time scale.
Author : Xiang Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Molecular Response to Ultra-intense X-rays Studied with Ion and Electron Momentum Imaging written by Xiang Li and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new era in ultrafast science has started in the last decade with the advent of x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). These machines, which deliver ultra-intense (up to 1020 W/cm2) and ultrashort (down to hundreds of attoseconds) x-ray pulses, have enabled numerous exciting spectroscopic and imaging techniques for exploring structures and dynamics of atoms, molecules, nanomaterials and biological objects. This thesis aims at advancing our understanding of the fundamental interactions between XFEL pulses and molecules by employing experimental techniques based on coincident momentum spectroscopy of the resulting ions and electrons. The work presented here describes the dependence of molecular response on basic x-ray pulse parameters such as wavelength, pulse energy and pulse duration, which is essential for all XFEL applications, and explores the potential of the employed experimental approach for imaging of ultrafast molecular dynamics. More specifically, the dominant x-ray induced processes including sequential photoionization, ultrafast charge rearrangement and molecular fragmentation are studied. And it is observed that because of the charge rearrangement, molecules exposed to ultra-intense x-rays can be ionized more heavily than the isolated atoms with similar photoabsorption cross sections. While the pulse energy mainly determines what interaction products are created (i.e., what is the charge state distribution of the resulting ionic fragments), the pulse duration is found to be the key parameter which determines how fast a particular charge state is reached, and, thus, how large is the kinetic energy of the corresponding ion. With shorter pulses, a certain pair of ionic fragments is created faster and, thus, at a shorter internuclear distance, resulting in more efficient charge rearrangement. This, in turn, results in the enhancement of sequential ionization for shorter pulses. Moreover, signatures of resonance-enhanced x-ray multiple ionization, which were previously reported for atoms, are presented here for molecules. In addition to the fundamental investigations of x-ray - molecule interactions, two imaging schemes for studying molecular dynamics with free-electrons lasers are explored in proof-of-principle experiments. One is the so-called "Coulomb explosion imaging" method. The fragment momentum distribution from iodomethane molecules exploded by XFEL pulses is found to resemble the one expected from the instantaneous explosion of a molecule at equilibrium geometry, potentially providing a robust tool for ultrafast imaging of evolving molecular structures. A time-dependent explosion model is implemented to account for the charge buildup process. The other method is based on ion and electron coincidence measurement, which can fix the ejected electrons with respect to the molecular frame. Combining this method with a sequential two-photon absorption from a single XFEL pulse, a one-pulse pump-probe experiment is carried out on N2 molecules. The transition from the molecular ion N22 created by the first absorbed photon to two isolated atomic ions N+ and N+ is observed from the perspective of core-shell electrons, demonstrating the feasibility of time-resolved x-ray electron spectroscopy in the molecular frame
Author : Daniela Rupp
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319286498
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)
Download or read book Ionization and Plasma Dynamics of Single Large Xenon Clusters in Superintense XUV Pulses written by Daniela Rupp and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-14 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the heart of this thesis is the young field of free electron laser science, whose experimental and theoretical basics are described here in a comprehensible manner. Extremely bright and ultra short pulses from short wavelength free-electron lasers (FELs) have recently opened the path to new fields of research. The x-ray flashes transform all matter into highly excited plasma states within femtoseconds, while their high spatial and temporal resolution allows the study of fast processes in very small structures. Even imaging of single molecules may be within reach if ultrafast radiation damage can be understood and brought under control. Atomic clusters have proven to be ideal model systems for light-matter interaction studies in all wavelength regimes, being size scalable, easy-to-produce gas phase targets with a simple structure. With FELs, "single cluster imaging and simultaneous ion spectroscopy" makes possible experiments under extremely well defined initial conditions, because the size of the cluster and the FEL intensity can be extracted from the scattering images. For the first time large xenon clusters up to micron radius were generated. Their single cluster scattering images were analyzed for cluster morphology and traces of the ultrafast plasma built-up during the femtosecond FEL pulse. The simultaneously measured single cluster ion spectra yield unprecedented insight into the ion dynamics following the interaction. The results will feed both future experimental effort and theoretical modeling.
Author : Fang Shan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (75 download)
Download or read book Generation of Ultrashort X-ray Pulses and Their Applications in Dynamics Studies written by Fang Shan and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rhiannon Porter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (79 download)
Download or read book Study of Structural Dynamics with Raman and Ultrafast X-ray Spectroscopy written by Rhiannon Porter and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Tim Salditt
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030344134
Total Pages : 634 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Nanoscale Photonic Imaging written by Tim Salditt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book, edited and authored by a team of world-leading researchers, provides a broad overview of advanced photonic methods for nanoscale visualization, as well as describing a range of fascinating in-depth studies. Introductory chapters cover the most relevant physics and basic methods that young researchers need to master in order to work effectively in the field of nanoscale photonic imaging, from physical first principles, to instrumentation, to mathematical foundations of imaging and data analysis. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how these cutting edge methods are applied to a variety of systems, including complex fluids and biomolecular systems, for visualizing their structure and dynamics, in space and on timescales extending over many orders of magnitude down to the femtosecond range. Progress in nanoscale photonic imaging in Göttingen has been the sum total of more than a decade of work by a wide range of scientists and mathematicians across disciplines, working together in a vibrant collaboration of a kind rarely matched. This volume presents the highlights of their research achievements and serves as a record of the unique and remarkable constellation of contributors, as well as looking ahead at the future prospects in this field. It will serve not only as a useful reference for experienced researchers but also as a valuable point of entry for newcomers.
Author : Stefan P. Hau-Riege
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527636374
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)
Download or read book High-Intensity X-rays - Interaction with Matter written by Stefan P. Hau-Riege and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-19 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filling the need for a book bridging the effect of matter on X-ray radiation and the interaction of x-rays with plasmas, this monograph provides comprehensive coverage of the topic. As such, it presents and explains such powerful new X-ray sources as X-ray free-electron lasers, as well as short pulse interactions with solids, clusters, molecules, and plasmas, and X-ray matter interactions as a diagnostic tool. Equally useful for researchers and practitioners working in the field.
Author : Olof Jönsson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789151301341
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Ultrafast Structural and Electron Dynamics in Soft Matter Exposed to Intense X-ray Pulses written by Olof Jönsson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sébastien Boutet
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030005518
Total Pages : 479 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)
Download or read book X-ray Free Electron Lasers written by Sébastien Boutet and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-27 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The timely volume describes recent discoveries and method developments that have revolutionized Structural Biology with the advent of X-ray Free Electron Lasers. It provides, for the first time, a comprehensive examination of this cutting-edge technology. It discusses of-the-moment topics such as growth and detection of nanocrystals, Sample Delivery Techniques for serial femtosecond crystallography, data collection methods at XFELs, and more. This book aims to provide the readers with an overview of the new methods that have been recently developed as well as a prospective on new methods under development. It highlights the most important and novel Structural Discoveries made recently with XFELS, contextualized with a big-picture discussion of future developments.
Author : Zhiming M. Wang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461494729
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Nanodroplets written by Zhiming M. Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-08 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanodroplets, the basis of complex and advanced nanostructures such as quantum rings, quantum dots and quantum dot clusters for future electronic and optoelectronic materials and devices, have attracted the interdisciplinary interest of chemists, physicists and engineers. This book combines experimental and theoretical analyses of nanosized droplets which reveal many attractive properties. Coverage includes nanodroplet synthesis, structure, unique behaviors and their nanofabrication, including chapters on focused ion beam, atomic force microscopy, molecular beam epitaxy and the "vapor-liquid- solid" route. Particular emphasis is given to the behavior of metallic nanodroplets, water nanodroplets and nanodroplets in polymer and metamaterial nanocomposites. The contributions of leading scientists and their research groups will provide readers with deeper insight into the chemical and physical mechanisms, properties, and potential applications of various nanodroplets.
Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1464990468
Total Pages : 14170 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (649 download)
Download or read book Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 14170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Nanotechnology. The editors have built Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Nanotechnology in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Author : A. K. Tyagi
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128014423
Total Pages : 872 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Materials Under Extreme Conditions written by A. K. Tyagi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-01-13 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials Under Extreme Conditions: Recent Trends and Future Prospects analyzes the chemical transformation and decomposition of materials exposed to extreme conditions, such as high temperature, high pressure, hostile chemical environments, high radiation fields, high vacuum, high magnetic and electric fields, wear and abrasion related to chemical bonding, special crystallographic features, and microstructures. The materials covered in this work encompass oxides, non-oxides, alloys and intermetallics, glasses, and carbon-based materials. The book is written for researchers in academia and industry, and technologists in chemical engineering, materials chemistry, chemistry, and condensed matter physics. Describes and analyzes the chemical transformation and decomposition of a wide range of materials exposed to extreme conditions Brings together information currently scattered across the Internet or incoherently dispersed amongst journals and proceedings Presents chapters on phenomena, materials synthesis, and processing, characterization and properties, and applications Written by established researchers in the field
Author : Thomas Schultz
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527677658
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)
Download or read book Attosecond and XUV Physics written by Thomas Schultz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-11-13 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides fundamental knowledge in the fields of attosecond science and free electron lasers, based on the insight that the further development of both disciplines can greatly benefit from mutual exposure and interaction between the two communities. With respect to the interaction of high intensity lasers with matter, it covers ultrafast lasers, high-harmonic generation, attosecond pulse generation and characterization. Other chapters review strong-field physics, free electron lasers and experimental instrumentation. Written in an easy accessible style, the book is aimed at graduate and postgraduate students so as to support the scientific training of early stage researchers in this emerging field. Special emphasis is placed on the practical approach of building experiments, allowing young researchers to develop a wide range of scientific skills in order to accelerate the development of spectroscopic techniques and their implementation in scientific experiments. The editors are managers of a research network devoted to the education of young scientists, and this book idea is based on a summer school organized by the ATTOFEL network.
Author : Kasra Amini
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1837671583
Total Pages : 567 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (376 download)
Download or read book Structural Dynamics with X-ray and Electron Scattering written by Kasra Amini and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2023-12-20 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 20th century, X-ray and electron scattering has provided a powerful means by which the location of atoms can be identified in gas-phase molecules and condensed matter with sub-atomic spatial resolution. Scattering techniques can also provide valuable observables of the fundamental properties of electrons in matter such as an electron’s spin and its energy. In recent years, significant technological developments in both X-ray and electron scattering have paved the way to time-resolved analogues capable of capturing real-time snapshots of transient structures undergoing a photochemical reaction. Structural Dynamics with X-ray and Electron Scattering is a two-part book that firstly introduces the fundamental background to scattering theory and photochemical phenomena of interest. The second part discusses the latest advances and research results from the application of ultrafast scattering techniques to imaging the structure and dynamics of gas-phase molecules and condensed matter. This book aims to provide a unifying platform for X-ray and electron scattering.
