Ultrafast Dynamics and Two-photon Absorption Properties of Chromophores at Interfaces

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Ultrafast Dynamics and Two-photon Absorption Properties of Chromophores at Interfaces by : Semere G. Bairu

Download or read book Ultrafast Dynamics and Two-photon Absorption Properties of Chromophores at Interfaces written by Semere G. Bairu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials with large two photon absorption cross sections found applications in several areas such as sensor protection, 3D micro/nano fabrication, photodynamic therapy, optical data storage, multi-photon sensing, multi-photon microscopy and imaging. Several successful research strategies were developed in literature to achieve 2PA materials with enhanced cross sections. However, the obtained cross sections are far from adequate and there is a need to develop new strategies. In a parallel development, numerous research efforts were focused on studying the dynamics of interfacial charge transfer across chromophore semiconductor interfaces, especially in the context of dye sensitized solar cells. While investigating the fundamentals of ICT, it was found that these interfaces provide greater dipolar coupling and can create surface electric fields. Thus, the hypothesis of the present thesis is to use the local electric fields and interfacial interactions to enhance the 2PA cross sections of attached chromophores. This strategy of chromophores stationed at interfaces can lead to synergistic 2PA enhancement. To prove the hypothesis and design better 2PA materials, the following research work was undertaken. Firstly, ICT dynamics on three anthracene derivatives sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles was studied to understand the influence of anchoring groups and corroborate the presence of local electric fields. Secondly, investigations were continued to probe the dynamics of electron injection and transient Stark effects in a donor acceptor chromophore sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles. Thirdly, new chromophores are synthesized that can possess strong interfacial electronic coupling with the semiconductor and create local electric fields. The 2PA cross section measurements of these chromophore sensitized semiconductor nanoparticles have shown unprecedented 2PA enhancements as high as 20-fold when the chromophores are attached to the semiconductor nanoparticles. The mechanism behind the enhancement was probed with ultrafast luminescence and absorption and the results confirmed the presence of a charge transfer state. Finally, the interfacial electric field generated at the interface of charged micelle and water was used to enhance the 2PA cross sections of chromophore that was solubilized in that region. The results presented in the thesis have confirmed that local electric fields exist at the interfaces and they can be successfully utilized to design efficient 2PA materials.

Development of Novel Two-Photon Absorbing Chromophores

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of Novel Two-Photon Absorbing Chromophores by :

Download or read book Development of Novel Two-Photon Absorbing Chromophores written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been much interest in the development of two-photon absorbing materials and many efforts to understand the nonlinear absorption properties of these dyes, but this area is still not well understood. A computational model has been developed in our lab to understand the nanosecond nonlinear absorption properties that incorporate all of the measured one-photon photophysical parameters of a class of materials called AFX. We have investigated the nonlinear and the photophysical properties of the AFX chromophores including the two-photon absorption cross-section, the excited state cross-section, the intersystem crossing quantum yield, and the singlet and triplet excited state lifetimes using a variety of experimental techniques that include UV-visible, fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopy, time correlated single photon counting, ultrafast transient absorption, and nanosecond laser flash photolysis. The model accurately predicts the nanosecond nonlinear transmittance data using experimentally measured parameters.

Ultrafast Dynamics of Chromophores in Isolated State, High Pressure and Liquid Environment Probed by Absorption and Resonant Emission Spectroscopy

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (383 download)

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Book Synopsis Ultrafast Dynamics of Chromophores in Isolated State, High Pressure and Liquid Environment Probed by Absorption and Resonant Emission Spectroscopy by : Ronghai Fan

Download or read book Ultrafast Dynamics of Chromophores in Isolated State, High Pressure and Liquid Environment Probed by Absorption and Resonant Emission Spectroscopy written by Ronghai Fan and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Proceedings of [the] First International Workshop on Optical Power Limiting

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9789056992620
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of [the] First International Workshop on Optical Power Limiting by : Francois Kajzar

Download or read book Proceedings of [the] First International Workshop on Optical Power Limiting written by Francois Kajzar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Seminar on Zinc Aluminium Foundry Alloys

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 53 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (256 download)

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Book Synopsis Seminar on Zinc Aluminium Foundry Alloys by :

Download or read book Seminar on Zinc Aluminium Foundry Alloys written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Progress in Optics

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444642765
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Progress in Optics by : Taco Visser

Download or read book Progress in Optics written by Taco Visser and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-03-24 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in Optics, Volume 64, the latest release in a series that presents an overview of the state-of-the-art in optics research. In this update, readers will find timely chapters on measuring polarization states, optics of random media, PT symmetries, radiation pressure, dressed photon science, topological plasmonics, and classical entanglement, amongst other topics. Includes contributions from leading authorities in the field of optics Presents timely, state-of-the-art reviews in the field of optics

Non-Linear Optical Properties of Matter

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402048505
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Non-Linear Optical Properties of Matter by : Manthos G. Papadopoulos

Download or read book Non-Linear Optical Properties of Matter written by Manthos G. Papadopoulos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-03 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assembles both theory and application in this field, to interest experimentalists and theoreticians alike. Part 1 is concerned with the theory and computing of non-linear optical (NLO) properties while Part 2 reviews the latest developments in experimentation. This book will be invaluable to researchers and students in academia and industry, particularlrly to anyone involved in materials science, theoretical and computational chemistry, chemical physics, and molecular physics.

Intramolecular Charge Transfer

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527801944
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (278 download)

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Book Synopsis Intramolecular Charge Transfer by : Ramprasad Misra

Download or read book Intramolecular Charge Transfer written by Ramprasad Misra and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-27 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging the gap between the multitude of advanced research articles and the knowledge newcomers to the field are looking for, this is a timely and comprehensive monograph covering the interdisciplinary topic of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The book not only covers the fundamentals and physico-chemical background of the ICT process, but also places a special emphasis on the latest experimental and theoretical studies that have been undertaken to understand this process and discusses key technological applications. After outlining the discovery of ICT molecules, the authors go on to discuss several important substance classes. They present the latest techniques for studying the underlying processes and show the interplay between charge transfer and the surrounding medium. Examples taken from nonlinear optics, viscosity and polarity sensors, and organic electronics testify to the vast range of applications. The result is a unique information source for experimentalists as well as theoreticians, from postgraduate students to researchers.

Chemical Abstracts

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2626 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Abstracts by :

Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Femtochemistry and Femtobiology

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Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9810248660
Total Pages : 854 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Femtochemistry and Femtobiology by : Abderrazzak Douhal

Download or read book Femtochemistry and Femtobiology written by Abderrazzak Douhal and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2002 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains important contributions from top international scientists on the-state-of-the-art of femtochemistry and femtobiology at the beginning of the new millennium. It consists of reviews and papers on ultrafast dynamics in molecular science.The coverage of topics highlights several important features of molecular science from the viewpoint of structure (space domain) and dynamics (time domain). First of all, the book presents the latest developments, such as experimental techniques for understanding ultrafast processes in gas, condensed and complex systems, including biological molecules, surfaces and nanostructures. At the same time it stresses the different ways to control the rates and pathways of reactive events in chemistry and biology. Particular emphasis is given to biological processes as an area where femtodynamics is becoming very useful for resolving the structural dynamics from techniques such as electron diffraction, and X-ray and IR spectroscopy. Finally, the latest developments in quantum control (in both theory and experiment) and the experimental pulse-shaping techniques are described.

The Physics of Solar Energy Conversion

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429000146
Total Pages : 686 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis The Physics of Solar Energy Conversion by : Juan Bisquert

Download or read book The Physics of Solar Energy Conversion written by Juan Bisquert and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on advanced energy conversion devices such as solar cells has intensified in the last two decades. A broad landscape of candidate materials and devices were discovered and systematically studied for effective solar energy conversion and utilization. New concepts have emerged forming a rather powerful picture embracing the mechanisms and limitation to efficiencies of different types of devices. The Physics of Solar Energy Conversion introduces the main physico-chemical principles that govern the operation of energy devices for energy conversion and storage, with a detailed view of the principles of solar energy conversion using advanced materials. Key Features include: Highlights recent rapid advances with the discovery of perovskite solar cells and their development. Analyzes the properties of organic solar cells, lithium ion batteries, light emitting diodes and the semiconductor materials for hydrogen production by water splitting. Embraces concepts from nanostructured and highly disordered materials to lead halide perovskite solar cells Takes a broad perspective and comprehensively addresses the fundamentals so that the reader can apply these and assess future developments and technologies in the field. Introduces basic techniques and methods for understanding the materials and interfaces that compose operative energy devices such as solar cells and solar fuel converters.

Fluorescent Analogs of Biomolecular Building Blocks

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118175867
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (181 download)

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Book Synopsis Fluorescent Analogs of Biomolecular Building Blocks by : Marcus Wilhelmsson

Download or read book Fluorescent Analogs of Biomolecular Building Blocks written by Marcus Wilhelmsson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-04 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluorescent Analogs of Biomolecular Building Blocks focuses on the design of fluorescent probes for the four major families of macromolecular building blocks. Compiling the expertise of multiple authors, this book moves from introductory chapters to an exploration of the design, synthesis, and implementation of new fluorescent analogues of biomolecular building blocks, including examples of small-molecule fluorophores and sensors that are part of biomolecular assemblies.

Concepts and Methods of 2D Infrared Spectroscopy

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139497073
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Concepts and Methods of 2D Infrared Spectroscopy by : Peter Hamm

Download or read book Concepts and Methods of 2D Infrared Spectroscopy written by Peter Hamm and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-24 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2D infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a cutting-edge technique, with applications in subjects as diverse as the energy sciences, biophysics and physical chemistry. This book introduces the essential concepts of 2D IR spectroscopy step-by-step to build an intuitive and in-depth understanding of the method. This unique book introduces the mathematical formalism in a simple manner, examines the design considerations for implementing the methods in the laboratory, and contains working computer code to simulate 2D IR spectra and exercises to illustrate involved concepts. Readers will learn how to accurately interpret 2D IR spectra, design their own spectrometer and invent their own pulse sequences. It is an excellent starting point for graduate students and researchers new to this exciting field. Computer codes and answers to the exercises can be downloaded from the authors' website, available at www.cambridge.org/9781107000056.

Visualizing Chemistry

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030916463X
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Visualizing Chemistry by : National Research Council

Download or read book Visualizing Chemistry written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-06-01 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists and engineers have long relied on the power of imaging techniques to help see objects invisible to the naked eye, and thus, to advance scientific knowledge. These experts are constantly pushing the limits of technology in pursuit of chemical imagingâ€"the ability to visualize molecular structures and chemical composition in time and space as actual events unfoldâ€"from the smallest dimension of a biological system to the widest expanse of a distant galaxy. Chemical imaging has a variety of applications for almost every facet of our daily lives, ranging from medical diagnosis and treatment to the study and design of material properties in new products. In addition to highlighting advances in chemical imaging that could have the greatest impact on critical problems in science and technology, Visualizing Chemistry reviews the current state of chemical imaging technology, identifies promising future developments and their applications, and suggests a research and educational agenda to enable breakthrough improvements.

Light Harvesting in Photosynthesis

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351242873
Total Pages : 793 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

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Book Synopsis Light Harvesting in Photosynthesis by : Roberta Croce

Download or read book Light Harvesting in Photosynthesis written by Roberta Croce and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This landmark collective work introduces the physical, chemical, and biological principles underlying photosynthesis: light absorption, excitation energy transfer, and charge separation. It begins with an introduction to properties of various pigments, and the pigment proteins in plant, algae, and bacterial systems. It addresses the underlying physics of light harvesting and key spectroscopic methods, including data analysis. It discusses assembly of the natural system, its energy transfer properties, and regulatory mechanisms. It also addresses light-harvesting in artificial systems and the impact of photosynthesis on our environment. The chapter authors are amongst the field’s world recognized experts. Chapters are divided into five main parts, the first focused on pigments, their properties and biosynthesis, and the second section looking at photosynthetic proteins, including light harvesting in higher plants, algae, cyanobacteria, and green bacteria. The third part turns to energy transfer and electron transport, discussing modeling approaches, quantum aspects, photoinduced electron transfer, and redox potential modulation, followed by a section on experimental spectroscopy in light harvesting research. The concluding final section includes chapters on artificial photosynthesis, with topics such as use of cyanobacteria and algae for sustainable energy production. Robert Croce is Head of the Biophysics Group and full professor in biophysics of photosynthesis/energy at Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam. Rienk van Grondelle is full professor at Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam. Herbert van Amerongen is full professor of biophysics in the Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences at Wageningen University, where he is also director of the MicroSpectroscopy Research Facility. Ivo van Stokkum is associate professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, at Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam.

Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics by : R. A. Hann

Download or read book Organic Materials for Non-linear Optics written by R. A. Hann and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication represents the proceedings of the Conference on Organic Materials for Non-Linear Optics, held in Oxford in June 1988. It was a truly international conference attended by over 160 delegates from academia, industry and government research establishments, who represented a wide range of scientific disciplines and included organic and organometallic chemists, theorists and experimental physicists and device engineers.

Nonlinear materials for optical power limiting

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Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 9176851133
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (768 download)

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Book Synopsis Nonlinear materials for optical power limiting by : Hampus Lundén

Download or read book Nonlinear materials for optical power limiting written by Hampus Lundén and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-05-13 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High power laser pulses can be a threat to optical sensors, including the human eye. Traditionally this threat has been alleviated by colour filters that block radiation in chosen wavelength ranges. Colour filters’ main drawback is that they block radiation regardless of it being useful or damaging, information is lost for wavelengths at which the filter is active. Protecting the entire wavelength range of a sensor would block or strongly attenuate the radiation needed for the operation of the sensor. Sol-gel glasses highly doped with optically non-linear chromophores have previously shown high optical quality in combination with efficient optical power limiting (OPL) through reverse saturable absorption (RSA). These filters transmit visible light unless the light fluence is above a certain threshold. A key design consideration of laser protection filters is linear absorption in relation to the threshold level. A high linear absorption means that the user’s view is degraded by the filter. To model the photokinetics of RSA chromophores, the five-level population model is widely used. It consists of three singlet and two triplet levels. Model parameters relevant for OPL performance include linear absorption cross-sections, two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-sections, lifetimes, quantum yields and inter-system-crossing (ISC) times. The dominant design paradigm is to have a highly absorbing and long-lived triplet state that is quickly populated by ISC during the beginning of a laser pulse. To simultaneously achieve a lower threshold and linear absorption a vast number of materials for self-activated filters were evaluated, either as bulk glasses or solutions. An f/5 setup was used to evaluate their OPL performance while several photophysical measurements were performed to gain an understanding of system behaviour. The first three series of methyltriethoxysilane (MTEOS) Sol-Gel glasses were doped with gold nanoparticles either solely, or with one of two Pt-acetylide chromophores. One with shorter conjugated ligands, the second with similar but longer conjugated ligands. Finally, a series of multi-branched fluorene chromophores were evaluated in solution. Their central moiety was either an organic benzene unit or an ISC promoter in the form of para-dibromobenzene or a platinum(II)-alkynyl unit. For the gold nanoparticle doped glasses, the lower performance Pt-acetylide with short ligands had its OPL threshold lowered at 600nm while the glasses doped with only gold nanoparticles showed no OPL at all. Secondly, the enhancement was most pronounced for very low gold nanoparticle concentrations. While gold nanoparticles alone showed good OPL performance at 532 nm, at this wavelength neither Pt-acetylide showed an obvious OPL enhancement beyond linear absorption losses from codoping with gold nanoparticles. The improved OPL performance at 600 nm was attributed to stronger 2PA, by electric field enhancement from the gold nanoparticles. The lack of detectable OPL improvement for 532 nm and for the higher performance Pt-Acetylide chromophore with long ligands were qualitatively explained by a lower sensitivity to 2PA on system performance. A degraded performance from linear absorption by excess nanoparticles in front of the focus explained the weakening of the enhancement at higher gold nanoparticle concentrations. All three fluorene chromophores, including the chromophore without a central ISC promoter, showed broadband OPL through the visible spectrum. The OPL performance of the two chromophores with ISC promoters was expected considering their transient absorption at microsecond time-scales. For the fluorene chromophore without an ISC-promoter, ultra-fast transient absorption was used to identify singlet excited state absorption as the source of the OPL performance. Both of these series of experiments demonstrate how a simplistic view of simply increasing desired photophysical parameters, e.g. effective 2PA cross-section or ISC quantum yield, do not always result in a noticeable increase in system performance. By employing numerical population models it was possible to identify which parameters had the highest impact on OPL performance. Laserpulser med hög effekt kan vara ett hot mot optiska sensorer, inklusive det oskyddade ögat. Traditionellt har detta hot hanterats med färgfilter som stoppar strålning inom valda våglängdsband. Färgfilters huvudsakliga begränsning ligger i att de tar bort strålning oberoende av om den är användbar eller skadlig, att information försvinner för de våglängder filtret skyddar för. Skydd över hela det våglängdsband en sensor verkar i skulle stoppa eller kraftigt försvaga strålningen som sensorn behöver för att fungera. Sol-gel glas högdopade med optiskt icke-linjära molekyler har tidigare visat hög optisk kvalité i kombination med en effektiv optisk effektbegränsning (OPL) via omvänd blekning (RSA). Dessa filter transmitterar synligt ljus så länge ljusets fluens (pulsenergi per area [J cm-2]) inte ligger över en viss begränsningsnivå. En nyckelfaktor i designen av laserskyddsfilter är linjärabsorption kontra begränsningsnivå. Genom att öka kromoforkoncentrationen så kan begränsningsnivån sänkas till kostnad av ökad linjärabsorption. Detta betyder dock att användarens omvärldsuppfattning genom filtret riskerar att minska. För att modellera fotokinetiken av RSA-molekyler har femnivåpopulationsmodellen varit vida använd. Den består av tre singlet-nivåer och två tripletnivåer. Modellparametrar relevanta för OPL-prestanda innefattar kvantverkningsgrader, olika övergångars linjärabsorptionstvärsnitt, tvåfotonsabsorptionstvärsnitt och livstider samt halveringstider för överföring mellan singlet och triplettillstånd. Den dominanta designparadigmen är att ha ett hög- absorberande och långlivat tripletläge som snabbt populeras i början av en laserpuls. För att samtidigt uppnå en lägre begränsningsnivå och lägre linjärabsorption utvärderades ett flertal självaktiverade filter, antingen i form av glas eller i vätskelösning. En f/5-uppställning användes för att utvärdera deras OPLprestanda medan en mängd fotofysiska mätningar utfördes för att få en förståelse för deras systembeteende. De tre första serierna av MTEOS Sol-Gel glas var dopade med guldnanopartiklar antingen enbart, eller med en av två Pt(II)-acetylidmolekyler. Den första hade kortare konjugerade ligandarmar, den andra var liknande men hade längre ligandarmar. Slutligen utvärderades en serie av flerarmade flourenmolekyler i vätskelösning. Deras centrala enhet bestod antingen av en organisk bensenring eller en ISC-gynnare i form av para-dibromobensen eller en Pt(II)-acetylidenhet. Guldnanopartiklarna kunde förstärka OPL-prestandan för enbart den mindre effektiva korta Pt(II)-acetylidmolekylen på 600nm men ej 532nm. Filtren dopade med enbart guldnanopartiklar visade god prestanda på 532nm men ingen på 600nm. Alla tre fluorenmolekyler visade OPL genom det synliga spektrat, även den molekylen utan ISC-gynnare. Både dessa serier experiment demonstrerar hur ett förenklat angreppsätt med att enbart öka eftertraktade fotofysiska parametrar, t.ex. effektivt 2PA-tvärsnitt eller ISC-kvantverkningsgrad, inte alltid resulterar i märkbart ökad systemprestanda. Genom att använda numeriska populationsmodeller visas hur det är möjligt att identifiera vilka parametrar som har den största inverkan på OPL-prestanda.