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Turbulent Flow Drag Reduction And Degradation With Dilute Polymer Solutions
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Book Synopsis Turbulent Flow Drag Reduction and Degradation with Dilute Polymer Solutions by : Robert W. Paterson
Download or read book Turbulent Flow Drag Reduction and Degradation with Dilute Polymer Solutions written by Robert W. Paterson and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the study was to attempt to find an explanation for the phenomenon first reported by Toms in 1948 in which the addition of a few grams of a long chain polymer to a million cubic centimeters of a Newtonian solvent caused a large decrease in the turbulent pipe flow pressure drop while causing only a small increase in the laminar flow viscosity. This phenomenon, which has been observed to occur for a number of different polymers and solvents, is commonly referred to as 'drag reduction with dilute polymer solutions' or 'the Toms phenomenon'. (Author).
Book Synopsis Drag Reduction and Mechnical Degradation of Dilute Polymer Solutions in High Shear Turbulent Flow by :
Download or read book Drag Reduction and Mechnical Degradation of Dilute Polymer Solutions in High Shear Turbulent Flow written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Drag Reduction of Turbulent Flows by Additives by : A. Gyr
Download or read book Drag Reduction of Turbulent Flows by Additives written by A. Gyr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drag Reduction of Turbulent Flows by Additives is the first treatment of the subject in book form. The treatment is extremely broad, ranging from physicochemical to hydromechanical aspects. The book shows how fibres, polymer molecules or surfactants at very dilute concentrations can reduce the drag of turbulent flow, leading to energy savings. The dilute solutions are considered in terms of the physical chemistry and rheology, and the properties of turbulent flows are presented in sufficient detail to explain the various interaction mechanisms. Audience: Those active in fundamental research on turbulence and those seeking to apply the effects described. Fluid mechanical engineers, rheologists, those interested in energy saving methods, or in any other application in which the flow rate in turbulent flow should be increased.
Book Synopsis Drag Reduction Degradation of Dilute Polymer Solutions in Turbulent Tube Flow by : Nicholas D. Sylvester
Download or read book Drag Reduction Degradation of Dilute Polymer Solutions in Turbulent Tube Flow written by Nicholas D. Sylvester and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drag reduction degradation characteristics of Separan AP30 are reported. A recycle tube flow experiment was used to investigate this property of drag reducing polymer solutions. Experimental pressure gradient and flow rate measurements were made as a function of time. From this data, friction factor- time plots on log-log coordinates were constructed, all of which exhibited three distinct regions which are discussed. Correlations are presented relating the process time in which maximum drag reduction exists, and the process time in which significant drag reduction exists, to the polymeric and system flow variables.
Book Synopsis Viscous Drag Reduction by : C. Sinclair Wells
Download or read book Viscous Drag Reduction written by C. Sinclair Wells and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-20 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Turbulent Flow Drag Reduction with Dilute Polymer Solutions by : Robert William Paterson
Download or read book Turbulent Flow Drag Reduction with Dilute Polymer Solutions written by Robert William Paterson and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Drag Reduction and Degradation of Dilute Polymer Solutions in Turbulent Pipe Flows by : T. T. Huang
Download or read book Drag Reduction and Degradation of Dilute Polymer Solutions in Turbulent Pipe Flows written by T. T. Huang and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drag reduction caused by dilute polyethylene oxide (POLYOX WSR-301) and anionic charged polyacrylimide (MAGNIFLOC 835A) polymer solutions was studied experimentally in 1.918- and 0.455-cm ID smooth pipes. The POLYOX solutions tested are superior in drag reduction but inferior in shear-degradation resistance compared to the MAGNIFLOC solutions at corresponding concentrations. A three-layer mean velocity profile model appears to be more consistent with current and other data than a traditional two-layer model. The onset of measured drag reduction depends upon solution concentration and is seriously affected by shear degradation. (Author).
Book Synopsis Drag Reduction in Flow of Dilute Polymer Solutions by : James Henry Hand
Download or read book Drag Reduction in Flow of Dilute Polymer Solutions written by James Henry Hand and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Drag Reduction by Dilute Polymer Solutions in Turbulent Flow by : Ralph C. Little
Download or read book Drag Reduction by Dilute Polymer Solutions in Turbulent Flow written by Ralph C. Little and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanism by which water-soluble polymers reduce hydrodynamic drag on solid surfaces was investigated by measurements of flow birefringence and of turbulent flow in pipes. Flow birefringence and flow field orientation of Polyox polymers in the molecular weight range from 200,000 to 6,000,000 showed that Polyox macromolecules continue to deform with increasing velocity gradient even after alignment with the flow field (at gradients in excess of 2000/sec). All solutions used were found to be Newtonian, with the exception of the AcrysolA-5 solutions. The flow data for Polyox solutions in a Pyrex pipe were examined in terms of Meyer's fluid property parameter and Elata's relaxation time hypothesis for the initiation of drag reduction. It was found that drag reduction in the Pyrex pipe was initiated at a value of the order of one-fifth that predicted by Elata's theory. Moreover, added salt (the solution being 0.3 molar in K2SO4) had no effect on the flow of Polyox Coagulant solutions even though the intrinsic viscosity (upon which Rouse relaxation times depend) was cut to slightly more than one-third of its value in the pure solvent. The unusually high values of Meyer's fluid property parameter observed at low concentrations suggests that adsorption on the Pyrex pipe walls may be playing a role in drag reduction. (Author).
Book Synopsis Flow of Dilute Polymer Solutions in Rough Pipes by : Michael Poreh
Download or read book Flow of Dilute Polymer Solutions in Rough Pipes written by Michael Poreh and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A simplified model is developed to describe the effects of boundary roughness on drag reduction achieved by polymer additives. The model is suitable for both uniform and nonuniform roughness. Predictions of friction coefficients by means of the model are in reasonable agreement with experimental results. (Author).
Book Synopsis Reduction of Drag in Turbulence by Dilute Polymer Solutions by : Hyunkook Shin
Download or read book Reduction of Drag in Turbulence by Dilute Polymer Solutions written by Hyunkook Shin and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The object of this thesis was to investigate the drag reduction phenomenon in turbulent flow caused by random coiling macromolecules in 'dilute' solution. In particular, this thesis was concerned with the relationship of drag (or its reduction) to the size of the coils and their concentration, of two kinds of polymers differing significantly in chain flexibility: polyethylene oxide (PEO), the more flexible, and polyisobutylene (PIB), the less flexible. It was found that, within any given homologous polymer series, the ability of macromolecules to reduce drag improved drastically with increasing molecular weight. That is, the concentration of polymers in solution either in the absolute weight fraction or in the effective volume fraction required to yield a given percent drag reduction decreased rapidly with increasing molecular weight. It was further found that there always existed an optimum concentration for any given polymer system at which the observed drag reduction reached a maximum.
Book Synopsis Drag Reduction by : American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Download or read book Drag Reduction written by American Institute of Chemical Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analytical and Experimental Study of Turbulent Flow Drag Reduction and Degradation with Polymer Additives by : Xin Zhang
Download or read book Analytical and Experimental Study of Turbulent Flow Drag Reduction and Degradation with Polymer Additives written by Xin Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flow friction reduction by polymers is widely applied in the oil and gas industry for flow enhancement or to save pumping energy. The huge benefit of this technology has attracted many researchers to investigate the phenomenon for 70 years, but its mechanism is still not clear. The objective of this thesis is to investigate flow drag reduction with polymer additives, develop predictive models for flow drag reduction and its degradation, and provide new insights into the drag reduction and degradation mechanism. The thesis starts with a semi-analytical solution for the drag reduction with polymer additives in a turbulent pipe flow. Based on the FENE-P model, the solution assumes complete laminarization and predicts the upper limitation of drag reduction in pipe flows. A new predictive model for this upper limit is developed considering viscosity ratios and the Weissenberg number - a dimensionless number related to the relaxation time of polymers. Next, a flow loop is designed and built for the experimental study of pipe flow drag reduction by polymers. Using a linear flexible polymer - polyethylene oxide (PEO) - in water, a series of turbulent flow experiments are conducted. Based on Zimm's theory and the experimental data, a correlation is developed for the drag reduction prediction from the Weissenberg number and polymer concentration in the flow. This correlation is thoroughly validated with data from the experiments and previous studies as well. To investigate the degradation of drag reduction with polymer additives, a rotational turbulent flow is first studied with a double-gap rheometer. Based on Brostow's assumption, i.e., the degradation rate of drag reduction is the same as that of the molecular weight decrease, a correlation of the degradation of drag reduction is established, along with the proposal of a new theory that the degradation is a first-order chemical reaction based on the polymer chain scission. Then, the accuracy of the Brostow's assumption is examined, and extensive experimental data indicate that it is not correct in many cases. The degradation of drag reduction with polymer additives is further analyzed from a molecular perspective. It is found that the issue with Brostow's theory is mainly because it does not consider the existence of polymer aggregates in the flow. Experimental results show that the molecular weight of the degraded polymer in the dilute solution becomes lower and the molecular weight distribution becomes narrower. An improved mechanism of drag reduction degradation considering polymer aggregate is proposed - the turbulent flow causes the chain scission of the aggregate and the degraded aggregate loses its drag-reducing ability. Finally, the mechanism of drag reduction and degradation is examined from the chemical thermodynamics and kinetics. The drag reduction phenomenon by linear flexible polymers is explained as a non-spontaneous irreversible flow-induced conformational-phase-change process that incorporates both free polymers and aggregates. The entire non-equilibrium process is due to the chain scission of polymers. This theory is shown to agree with drag reduction experimental results from a macroscopic view and polymer behaviours from microscopic views. The experimental data, predictive models, and theories developed in this thesis provide useful new insights into the design of flow drag reduction techniques and further research on this important physical phenomenon.
Book Synopsis Turbulent Drag Reduction in Dilute Polymer Solutions by : P. E. Roper
Download or read book Turbulent Drag Reduction in Dilute Polymer Solutions written by P. E. Roper and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Correlations of Turbulent Drag Reduction in Dilute Polymer Solutions by : Ashok K. Jain
Download or read book Correlations of Turbulent Drag Reduction in Dilute Polymer Solutions written by Ashok K. Jain and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Similarity Laws for Turbulent Flow of Dilute Solutions of Drag-reducing Polymers by : T. T. Huang
Download or read book Similarity Laws for Turbulent Flow of Dilute Solutions of Drag-reducing Polymers written by T. T. Huang and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Velocity similarity laws, based on a four-layer, mean-velocity-profile model are deduced for turbulent boundary layers with dilute polymer solutions by means of pipe-flow experiments. Measured drag reduction is studied in three domains: undersaturated, optimal, and oversaturated. Drag reduction increases with increasing concentration in the undersaturated domain where the four-layer profile exists in the boundary layer. The boundary between the two domains gives optimal drag reduction; it is determined by the polymer type and concentration and by a Reynolds number based on shear velocity and boundary-layer thickness. The effects of solvent temperature, pipe diameter, polymer type and concentration, and wall shear stress on the measured drag reduction have been investigated. (Modified author abstract).
Book Synopsis Studies in Rheology and Hydrodynamics of Dilute Polymer Solutions by : Michael Poreh
Download or read book Studies in Rheology and Hydrodynamics of Dilute Polymer Solutions written by Michael Poreh and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five studies are presented in this publication: A comparison between the behaviour of polymer solutions and flow characteristics of linear elastico-viscous fluid models. The study shows that no linear model can predict consistently all the observed non-Newtonian phenomena of polymer solutions; Turbulent flow of dilute polymer solutions through an annulus. Experimental and theoretical results are presented; Measurements of the dynamic response of flowing polymer solutions with a vibrating torsional quartz crystal are presented. The dynamic elastico-viscous response is found to be independent of the flow characteristics and shear rates; Drag reduction in developing boundary layers by injection of polymer solutions. Reduction of local friction coefficients is of the order of 65 percent, however, energy losses in the injection region decrease the total drag reduction efficiency. Effect of the injection concentration and discharge, width of slot and mean stream velocity are found; Drag reduction and degradation tests of several polymer solutions are presented. (Author).
