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Tunable Laser Spectroscopy And Wavelength Measurement In The Mid And Near Infrared
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Book Synopsis Tunable Laser Spectroscopy and Wavelength Measurement in the Mid and Near Infrared by : Christopher James Hodges
Download or read book Tunable Laser Spectroscopy and Wavelength Measurement in the Mid and Near Infrared written by Christopher James Hodges and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Near Infrared Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy for Aero Engine Related Applications by : James R. P. Bain
Download or read book Near Infrared Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy for Aero Engine Related Applications written by James R. P. Bain and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tunable diode laser spectroscopy is a widely used technique for recovering quantitative gas information in a range of industrial applications. Established methods often use readily available, robust and low cost optoelectronic hardware in the near-infrared, with output wavelengths that coincide with the absorption spectra of several important gas species of interest, providing a versatile platform for gas analysis instrumentation. In this work the challenges associated with the recovery of gas information from harsh detection environments, particularly for aero engine diagnostics, are considered. For stand-alone instrumentation, calibration-free direct absorption measurements are highly advantageous yet calibrated techniques employing wavelength modulation spectroscopy are often favoured due to their significantly higher sensitivities. Recent developments have enabled calibration-free line shape recovery using lock-in amplifier detection of the residual amplitude modulation in wavelength modulated signals. These techniques have significant potential in harsh environments, but the overall sensitivity is limited by distortions to the recovered line shapes at high modulation amplitudes and by large background signals that saturate the detection electronics. In this thesis, solutions to these two problems are proposed, investigated and validated. A correction function is derived that is able to account for line shape distortions at arbitrarily high modulation indices. Application of the function depends upon knowledge of the experimental modulation index and two methods for extracting this information directly from the experimental signals are described. The full correction procedure has been experimentally validated. An investigation was made into the use of autobalanced photoreceivers, typically used for common mode noise cancellation, for direct absorption measurements and in a different configuration for nulling of the residual amplitude modulation (RAM) in wavelength modulation spectroscopy. Initial measurements suggest that removal of the background RAM can increase the lock-in detection sensitivity by over an order of magnitude. In addition an external amplitude modulator has been iv shown to be an effective method for producing sensitive absorption signals that are free of distortions, recoverable at frequencies that are outside the bandwidth of most environmental noise sources. A temperature sensor based on ratio thermometry of ambient water vapour absorption was designed and evaluated. The sensor is intended to provide accurate intake gas temperature information during aero engine ground testing when misting conditions prevent standard thermocouples from providing reliable data. Direct detection and second harmonic wavelength modulation spectroscopy experiments were undertaken in an environmental chamber, over the range 273-313K, to test the potential accuracy of the proposed system. Using a second harmonic peak height method, temperature information based on a calibration was able to recover temperature measurements with precision of ±0.4K however the overall accuracy suffered from a problematic calibration drift. Three engine test campaigns are described in which a range of recovery methods and potential optical system layouts are evaluated for the purposes of intake and exhaust mounted test bed sensor systems. The effects of extreme noise conditions were observed on a variety of measurements and favourable detection and modulation options were identified for the purpose of planning proposed future engine tests. Exhaust plume measurements of high temperature water vapour on the Rolls-Royce Environmentally Friendly Engine demonstrator established the viability of temperature and concentration measurements up to 850K.
Book Synopsis Near-infrared Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer for Trace Gas Detection by : Iain Fletcher Howieson
Download or read book Near-infrared Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer for Trace Gas Detection written by Iain Fletcher Howieson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis New Enhanced Sensitivity Infrared Laser Spectroscopy Techniques Applied to Reactive Plasmas and Trace Gas Detection by : Stefan Welzel
Download or read book New Enhanced Sensitivity Infrared Laser Spectroscopy Techniques Applied to Reactive Plasmas and Trace Gas Detection written by Stefan Welzel and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2009 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infrared laser absorption spectroscopy (IRLAS) employing both tuneable diode and quantum cascade lasers (TDLs, QCLs) has been applied with both high sensitivity and high time resolution to plasma diagnostics and trace gas measurements. TDLAS combined with a conventional White type multiple pass cell was used to detect up to 13 constituent molecular species in low pressure Ar/H2/N2/O2 and Ar/CH4/N2/O2 microwave discharges, among them the main products such as H2O, NH3, NO and CO, HCN respectively. The hydroxyl radical has been measured in the mid infrared (MIR) spectral range in-situ in both plasmas yielding number densities of between 1011 ... 1012 cm-3. Strong indications of surface dominated formation of either NH3 or N2O and NO were found in the H2-N2-O2 system. In methane containing plasmas a transition between deposition and etching conditions and generally an incomplete oxidation of the precursor were observed. The application of QCLs for IRLAS under low pressure conditions employing the most common tuning approaches has been investigated in detail. A new method of analysing absorption features quantitatively when the rapid passage effect is present is proposed. If power saturation is negligible, integrating the undisturbed half of the line profile yields accurate number densities without calibrating the system. By means of a time resolved analysis of individual chirped QCL pulses the main reasons for increased effective laser line widths could be identified. Apart from the well-known frequency down chirp non-linear absorption phenomena and bandwidth limitations of the detection system may significantly degrade the performance and accuracy of inter pulse spectrometers. The minimum analogue bandwidth of the entire system should normally not fall below 250 MHz. QCLAS using pulsed lasers has been used for highly time resolved measurements in reactive plasmas for the first time enabling a time resolution down to about 100 ns to be achieved. A temperature increase of typically less than 50 K has been established for pulsed DC discharges containing Ar/N2 and traces of NO. The main NO production and depletion reactions have been identified from a comparison of model calculations and time resolved measurements in plasma pulses of up to 100 ms. Considerable NO struction is observed after 5 ... 10 ms due to the impact of N atoms. Finally, thermoelectrically cooled pulsed and continuous wave (cw) QCLs have been employed for high finesse cavity absorption spectroscopy in the MIR. Cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) has been performed with pulsed QCLs and was found to be limited by the intrinsic frequency chirp of the laser suppressing an efficient intensity build-up inside the cavity. Consequently the accuracy and advantage of an absolute internal absorption calibration is not achievable. A room temperature cw QCL was used in a complementary cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) configuration which was equipped with different cavities of up to 1.3 m length. This spectrometer yielded path lengths of up to 4 km and a noise equivalent absorption down to 4 x 10-8 cm-1Hz-1/2. The corresponding molecular concentration detection limit (e.g. for CH4, N2O and C2H2 at 1303 cm-1/7.66 Aem) was generally below 1 x 1010 cm-3 for 1 s integration times and one order of magnitude less for 30 s integration times. The main limiting factor for achieving even higher sensitivity is the residual mode noise of the cavity. Employing a 0.5 m long cavity the achieved sensitivity was good enough for the selective measurement of trace atmospheric constituents at 2.2 mbar.
Book Synopsis Terahertz (THz), Mid Infrared (MIR) and Near Infrared (NIR) Technologies for Protection of Critical Infrastructures Against Explosives and CBRN by : Mauro Fernandes Pereira
Download or read book Terahertz (THz), Mid Infrared (MIR) and Near Infrared (NIR) Technologies for Protection of Critical Infrastructures Against Explosives and CBRN written by Mauro Fernandes Pereira and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-30 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical infrastructures are targets for terrorism and deliver a valuable vector through which the proliferation of CBRN and explosive precursors can be detected. Recent technological breakthroughs, notably in the field of near infrared (NIR), mid infrared (MIR), Terahertz (THz) and Gigahertz (GHz) sources and detectors, have led to rugged commercial devices, capable of standoff sensing a range of these dangerous substances. However, at the same time criminal and terrorist organizations have also benefited from the availability of technologies to increase the threat they pose to the security of citizens and a concerted effort is needed to improve early detection measures to identify activities, such as the production of homemade explosives or CBRN that can be potentially dangerous to society. The key global technological bottleneck to be overcome is the current lack of integration and networking of mature detection technology into early warning systems for critical infrastructures. Thus, this book brings together complementary information connecting the research of leading teams working on critical Infrastructure protection with academic developers and industrial producers of state of the art sensors.
Book Synopsis Green Electronics by : Cristian Ravariu
Download or read book Green Electronics written by Cristian Ravariu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Green Electronics book is intended to stimulate people's thinking toward the new concepts of an environment-friendly electronics - the main challenge in the future. The book offers multiple solutions to push the classical electronic industry toward green concepts, aided by nanotechnologies, with revolutionary features that provide low power consumption in electronics, use biomaterials for integrated structures, and include environmental monitoring tools. Based on organic semiconductors/insulators without toxic precursors, green electronic technologies launched promising devices like OLED, OTFT, or nano-core-shell transistors. The Green Electronics book successfully presents the recent directions collected worldwide and leaves free space for continuing year by year with new subtopics.
Book Synopsis Laser Spectroscopy by : Wolfgang Demtröder
Download or read book Laser Spectroscopy written by Wolfgang Demtröder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 942 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser Spectroscopy - in this second enlarged edition - provides an introduction to modern techniques and instrumentation in laser spectroscopy. The first part, which discusses the basic concepts of absorption and emission of light, the spectroscopic instrumentation for wavelength measurements and detection of light, and the spectroscopic properties of lasers, is a textbook for graduate students. The second part gives a survey on different techniques of laser spectroscopy and their applications, with ample references to the original literature. This book helps close the gap between classical works on optics and spectroscopy, and more specialized publications on modern research in this field. It is addressed to graduate students in physics and chemistry as well as scientists just entering this field on research.
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Laser Spectroscopy by : David L. Andrews
Download or read book An Introduction to Laser Spectroscopy written by David L. Andrews and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the new edition the editors have preserved the basic concept and structure, with the involvement of some new authors - all recognized experts in laser spectroscopy. Each chapter addresses a different technique, providing a review and analysis of the current status, and reporting some of the latest achievements. With the key formulas and methods detailed in many sections, this text represents a practicable handbook of its subject. It will be a valuable tool both for specialists to keep abreast of developments and for newcomers to the field needing an accessible introduction to specific methods of laser spectroscopy - and also as a resource for primary references.
Book Synopsis Spectroscopy and Optical Diagnostics for Gases by : Ronald K. Hanson
Download or read book Spectroscopy and Optical Diagnostics for Gases written by Ronald K. Hanson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-26 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides an introduction to the science that governs the interaction of light and matter (in the gas phase). It provides readers with the basic knowledge to exploit the light-matter interaction to develop quantitative tools for gas analysis (i.e. optical diagnostics) and understand and interpret the results of spectroscopic measurements. The authors pair the basics of gas‐phase spectroscopy with coverage of key optical diagnostic techniques utilized by practicing engineers and scientists to measure fundamental flow‐field properties. The text is organized to cover three sub‐topics of gas‐phase spectroscopy: (1) spectral line positions, (2) spectral line strengths, and (3) spectral lineshapes by way of absorption, emission, and scattering interactions. The latter part of the book describes optical measurement techniques and equipment. Key subspecialties include laser induced fluorescence, tunable laser absorption spectroscopy, and wavelength modulation spectroscopy. It is ideal for students and practitioners across a range of applied sciences including mechanical, aerospace, chemical, and materials engineering.
Book Synopsis Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy, Lidar, and DIAL Techniques for Environmental and Industrial Measurements by : Alan Fried
Download or read book Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy, Lidar, and DIAL Techniques for Environmental and Industrial Measurements written by Alan Fried and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Plasma and Energy Conversion by : Dong Dai
Download or read book Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Plasma and Energy Conversion written by Dong Dai and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-23 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings highlight the fundamental researches and up-to-data developments on energy conversion and high-voltage application by means of low temperature and atmospheric pressure plasma. In recent years, plasma-assisted energy conversion gains increasing attention as an alternative to thermal-catalysis or electro-catalysis. These proceedings discuss and exchange cutting-edge scientific innovations and technological advances in fields like plasma-enabled synthesis of chemicals and fuels, plasma-enabled the environmental clean-up, plasma-enabled catalysis treatment, in-situ probing of plasma-catalyst interactions and its high-voltage applications, which show great potentials in industrial demands like CO2 hydrogenation, CH4 reforming and nitrogen fixation, plasma deposition, chemical synthesis, VOC abatement and high-voltage insulation. This collection of papers presents the main applications of plasma-induced energy conversion and high-voltage discharge in the form of separate chapters, including cutting-edge studies on conversion technology, complex mechanism simulation, in-situ detection and converged applications by artificial intelligence. These proceedings are suitable for researchers engaged in fields like plasma-catalysis, discharge diagnosis and modelling, chemical modelling and high-voltage applications. The major topics covered in the conference proceedings are: 1) Advanced plasma-catalysis conversion technology; 2) Advanced in-situ discharge diagnosis technology; 3) Advanced in-situ plasma-catalysis characterization; 4) Multi-scale or innovative modelling technology; 5) High-voltage discharge and application.
Book Synopsis Solid-State Mid-Infrared Laser Sources by : Irina T. Sorokina
Download or read book Solid-State Mid-Infrared Laser Sources written by Irina T. Sorokina and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-07-10 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes the most advanced techniques for generating coherent light in the mid-infrared region of the spectrum. These techniques represent diverse areas of photonics and include heterojunction semiconductor lasers, quantum cascade lasers, tunable crystalline lasers, fiber lasers, Raman lasers, and optical parametric laser sources. Offering authoritative reviews by internationally recognized experts, the book provides a wealth of information on the essential principles and methods of the generation of coherent mid-infrared light and on some of its applications. The instructive nature of the book makes it an excellent text for physicists and practicing engineers who want to use mid-infrared laser sources in spectroscopy, medicine, remote sensing and other fields, and for researchers in various disciplines requiring a broad introduction to the subject.
Book Synopsis Precision Spectroscopy, Diode Lasers, and Optical Frequency Measurement Technology by :
Download or read book Precision Spectroscopy, Diode Lasers, and Optical Frequency Measurement Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compilation is a selected set of reprints from the Optical Frequency Measurement Group of the Time and Frequency Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and consists of work published between 1987 and 1997. The two main programs represented here are (1) development of tunable diode-laser technology for scientific applications and precision measurements, and (2) research toward the goal of realizing optical-frequency measurements and synthesis. The papers are organized chronologically in five, somewhat arbitrarily chosen categories: Diode Laser Technology, Tunable Laser Systems, Laser Spectroscopy, Optical Synthesis and Extended Wavelength Coverage, and Multi-Photon Interactions and Optical Coherences.
Book Synopsis Tunable Laser Applications by : F.J. Duarte
Download or read book Tunable Laser Applications written by F.J. Duarte and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-08-26 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tunability has added an important dimension to a variety of laser devices and led to new systems and applications. From laser spectroscopy to Bose-Einstein condensation, the one nexus is the tunable laser. Incorporating nine new chapters since the first edition, Tunable Laser Applications, Second Edition reflects the significant developments
Book Synopsis Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics by : Frank Träger
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics written by Frank Träger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-05 with total page 1704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition features numerous updates and additions. Especially 4 new chapters on Fiber Optics, Integrated Optics, Frequency Combs and Interferometry reflect the changes since the first edition. In addition, major complete updates for the chapters: Optical Materials and Their Properties, Optical Detectors, Nanooptics, and Optics far Beyond the Diffraction Limit. Features Contains over 1000 two-color illustrations. Includes over 120 comprehensive tables with properties of optical materials and light sources. Emphasizes physical concepts over extensive mathematical derivations. Chapters with summaries, detailed index Delivers a wealth of up-to-date references.
Book Synopsis Comparison of Near and Mid-Infrared Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Combustion Gases by : J. H. Miller
Download or read book Comparison of Near and Mid-Infrared Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Combustion Gases written by J. H. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plasma Medical Science by : Shinya Toyokuni
Download or read book Plasma Medical Science written by Shinya Toyokuni and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-07-06 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma Medical Science describes the progress that has been made in the field over the past five years, illustrating what readers must know to be successful. As non-thermal, atmospheric pressure plasma has been applied for a wide variety of medical fields, including wound healing, blood coagulation, and cancer therapy, this book is a timely resource on the topics discussed. - Provides a dedicated reference for this emerging topic - Discusses the state-of-the-art developments in plasma technology - Introduces topics of plasma biophysics and biochemistry that are required to understand the application of the technology for plasma medicine - Brings together diverse experience in this field in one reference text - Provides a roadmap for future developments in the area
