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Tsunami Hazard Assessment Based On Wave Generation Propagation And Inundation Modeling For The Us East Coast
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Book Synopsis Tsunami Hazard Assessment Based on Wave Generation, Propagation, and Inundation Modeling for the U.S. East Coast by : Vasily V. Titov
Download or read book Tsunami Hazard Assessment Based on Wave Generation, Propagation, and Inundation Modeling for the U.S. East Coast written by Vasily V. Titov and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tsunami Warning and Preparedness by : National Research Council
Download or read book Tsunami Warning and Preparedness written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-04-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many coastal areas of the United States are at risk for tsunamis. After the catastrophic 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean, legislation was passed to expand U.S. tsunami warning capabilities. Since then, the nation has made progress in several related areas on both the federal and state levels. At the federal level, NOAA has improved the ability to detect and forecast tsunamis by expanding the sensor network. Other federal and state activities to increase tsunami safety include: improvements to tsunami hazard and evacuation maps for many coastal communities; vulnerability assessments of some coastal populations in several states; and new efforts to increase public awareness of the hazard and how to respond. Tsunami Warning and Preparedness explores the advances made in tsunami detection and preparedness, and identifies the challenges that still remain. The book describes areas of research and development that would improve tsunami education, preparation, and detection, especially with tsunamis that arrive less than an hour after the triggering event. It asserts that seamless coordination between the two Tsunami Warning Centers and clear communications to local officials and the public could create a timely and effective response to coastal communities facing a pending tsuanami. According to Tsunami Warning and Preparedness, minimizing future losses to the nation from tsunamis requires persistent progress across the broad spectrum of efforts including: risk assessment, public education, government coordination, detection and forecasting, and warning-center operations. The book also suggests designing effective interagency exercises, using professional emergency-management standards to prepare communities, and prioritizing funding based on tsunami risk.
Book Synopsis Efficient Tsunami Simulation at Local and Global Scales by : Xinsheng Qin
Download or read book Efficient Tsunami Simulation at Local and Global Scales written by Xinsheng Qin and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tsunami hazard evaluation and mitigation is of great importance to coastal communities around the world, especially after the frequent occurrence of large tsunamis in the past two decades. Many physical phenomena need to be modeled during a tsunami event, e.g. tsunami wave generation and propagation, coastal inundation, and forces on structures. Most of them are nonlinear and involve a wide range of length scales, and thus are challenging to model. In this dissertation, the ability of three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) models to capture tsunami forces on structures and flow through a constructed environment is first analyzed. Then the development of a GPU-accelerated hyperbolic partial differential equation (PDE) solver with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), with application to solving several PDEs that govern different physical processes arising in tsunamis, is presented and discussed. Tsunami inundation is the final and most destructive phase of tsunami evolution that comes after tsunami wave propagation in the ocean. The numerical modeling of this phase that incorporates the constructed environment of coastal communities is challenging for both 2D and 3D models. Inundation and flooding in this region can be too complex for 2D models to capture properly, while for 3D models a very fine mesh is required to properly capture the physics, dramatically increasing the computational cost and rendering impractical modeling of some problems. To evaluate the capability of the current tsunami inundation models, comparisons are made between GeoClaw, a depth-integrated 2D model based on the nonlinear shallow water equations (NSWE), and the interFoam solver in OpenFOAM, a 3D model based on Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for tsunami inundation modeling. The two models are first validated against existing experimental data of a bore impinging onto a single square column. Then they are used to simulate tsunami inundation in a physical wave tank model of Seaside, Oregon. The resulting flow parameters from the models are compared and discussed, and these results are used to extrapolate tsunami-induced force predictions and give guidance for the use of numerical models in other similar situations. Numerical modeling of tsunami processes is computationally expensive. Being able to do this faster means we can simulate a problem with higher resolution to potentially get more accurate result, simulate the same problem faster to send out tsunami warning earlier, or perform more tsunami simulations within a given time budget when doing probabilistic hazard assessment or studying the uncertainties of the process. Using Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) as implemented in GeoClaw speeds up the process by greatly reducing computational demands, while accelerating the code using the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) could do so through faster hardware but has not previously been implemented in GeoClaw. The second part of this dissertation presents an efficient CUDA implementation of the GeoClaw code. The code can model transoceanic tsunami simulation by using AMR and solving the shallow water equations in spherical coordinates. Numerical experiments of the 2011 Japan tsunami and a local tsunami triggered by a hypothetical Mw 7.3 earthquake on the Seattle Fault illustrate the correctness and efficiency of the code. The GPU implementation, when running on a single GPU, is observed to be 3.6 to 6.4 times faster than the original model running in parallel on a 16-core CPU. Three metrics are proposed to evaluate performance of the model, which shows efficient usage of hardware resources.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Issues in Tsunami Hazard Assessment of Nuclear Power Plant Sites by : United States. Science Review Working Group
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Issues in Tsunami Hazard Assessment of Nuclear Power Plant Sites written by United States. Science Review Working Group and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Numerical Modeling Of Tsunami Waves by : Juan J Horrillo
Download or read book Numerical Modeling Of Tsunami Waves written by Juan J Horrillo and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph aims at presenting a unified approach to numerical modeling of tsunami as long waves based on finite difference methods for 1D, 2D and 3D generation processes, propagation, and runup. Many practical examples give insight into the relationship between long wave physics and numerical solutions and allow readers to quickly pursue and develop specific topics in greater depth. The aim of this book is to start from basics and then continue into applications. This approach should serve well the needs of researchers and students of physics, physical oceanography, ocean/civil engineers, computer science, and emergency management staff. Chapter 2 is particularly valuable as it fully describes the application of finite-difference methods to the study of long waves by demonstrating how physical properties of water waves, especially phase velocity, are connected to the chosen numerical algorithm. Basic notions of numerical methods, i.e. approximation of the relevant differential equations, stability of the numerical scheme, and computational errors are explained through application to long waves. Finite-difference methods are further developed in major chapters to deal with complex problems that arise in the study of recent tsunamis.
Book Synopsis Tacoma, Washington, tsunami hazard mapping project modeling tsunami inundation from Tacoma and Seattle fault earthquakes by :
Download or read book Tacoma, Washington, tsunami hazard mapping project modeling tsunami inundation from Tacoma and Seattle fault earthquakes written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis From Tsunami Science to Hazard and Risk Assessment: Methods and Models by : Stefano Lorito
Download or read book From Tsunami Science to Hazard and Risk Assessment: Methods and Models written by Stefano Lorito and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tsunami Generation and Propagation by : Tatsuhiko Saito
Download or read book Tsunami Generation and Propagation written by Tatsuhiko Saito and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-23 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces a framework of tsunami modelling from generation to propagation, aimed at application to the new observation started in Japan after the devastating tsunami of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. About 150 seismic and tsunami sensors were deployed in a wide region off the Pacific coast of eastern Japan in order to catch tsunami generation inside the focal area, which makes a clear departure from conventional observations that detect tsunamis far from the source region. In order to exploit the full potential of this new observation system, it is not enough to model tsunami generation simply by static sea-bottom deformation caused by an earthquake. This book explains dynamic tsunami generation and sea-bottom deformation by kinematic earthquake faulting, in which seismic and acoustic waves are also included in addition to static sea-bottom deformation. It then systematically derives basic tsunami equations from the fundamental equations of motions. The author also illustrates the details of numerical schemes and their applications to tsunami records, making sound linkages among these topics to naturally understand how a tsunami is physically or mathematically described. This book will be a comprehensive guide for graduate students and young researchers to start their research activities smoothly.
Book Synopsis Perspectives on Tsunami Hazard Reduction: Observations, Theory and Planning by : Gerald T. Hebenstreit
Download or read book Perspectives on Tsunami Hazard Reduction: Observations, Theory and Planning written by Gerald T. Hebenstreit and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The promontory of Gargano in the southern Adriatic Sea represents one of the most interesting Italian coastal zones subjected to tsunami hazard. Figure la gives the geographical map of Italy; with a box embracing the region of Gargano; details of that region are in turn sketched in Figure lb. Because of the incompleteness of the earthquake and tsunami catalogues, no reports on tsunamis in this area are available prior to 1600 AD. The Gargano events have been recently revised in order to establish their reliability and to attain the phenomenological reconstruction of the tsunamis (Guidoboni and Tinti, 1987 and 1988; Tinti et. al. , 1995). This work fits the general purpose of assessing tsunami hazard along the Italian coasts and represents a continuation of a previous study, where the first quantitative description of the 1627 tsunami from a numerical modeling viewpoint was performed (Tinti and Piatanesi, 1996). The earthquake took place on 30 July 1627 about mid-day and was followed by four large aftershocks. It claimed more than 5,000 victims and destroyed completely numerous villages in the northern Gargano area, with the most severe damage located between S. Severo and Lesina. The earthquake excited a tsunami with the most impressive effects in proximity of the Lesina Lake where the most reliable contemporary chronicles report about an initial sea water withdrawal of about 2 miles and a subsequent penetration inland.
Book Synopsis Numerical Modeling of Tsunami Waves by : Jinsong Xie
Download or read book Numerical Modeling of Tsunami Waves written by Jinsong Xie and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis U.S. States and Territories National Tsunami Hazard Assessment by : National Science and Technology Council
Download or read book U.S. States and Territories National Tsunami Hazard Assessment written by National Science and Technology Council and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-10-26 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, two different sources of information are compiled to assess the U.S. tsunami hazard. The first involves a careful examination of the NGDC historical tsunami database which resulted in a qualitative tsunami assessment based on the distribution of runup heights and the frequency of tsunami runups. We characterize the tsunami hazard by first determining the number of individual tsunamis booked in each State or territory and then binning the results into five categories of runup amplitudes—Undetermined runup height, 0.01 m to 0.5 m, 0.51 m to 1.0 m, 1.01 m to 3.0 m, and greater than 3.0 m. Based on the total spread of events, runup amplitudes, and earthquake potential, we assigned a subjective hazard from very low to very high. These assessments recognized that tsunami runups of a few tens of centimeters have a lower hazard than those with runups of a few to many meters. Our database search reinforces the common understanding that the U.S. Atlantic coast and the Gulf Coast States have experienced very few tsunami runups in the last 200 years. In fact, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, the Florida Gulf coast, Georgia, Virginia, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Delaware have no known historic tsunami runup records in the NGDC database. Further, only a total of six tsunamis have been recorded anywhere in the other Gulf and East Coast States. Three of these tsunamis were generated in the Caribbean, two were related to magnitude 7+ earthquakes along the Atlantic coastline, and one booked tsunami in the mid-Atlantic States may be related to an underwater explosion or landslide. There is only one documented runup on the Atlantic in the range 0.51 m to 1.0 m and none in the higher runup ranges. In contrast, all U.S. coasts in the Pacific Basin as well as Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands have a “moderate” to “very high” tsunami hazard based on both frequency and known runup amplitudes. The sheer number of runups and the large number greater than 3.0 m observed in Alaska and Hawaii justified assigning a “very high” hazard for these two States. The Pacific territories including Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Marianas experience many tsunamis, but only one event had an amplitude greater than 3.0 m. Accordingly, we assigned a “moderate” hazard to the Pacific island territories. Both the frequency of tsunami runups and the amplitudes support a qualitative “high” hazard assessment for Washington, Oregon, California, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The “high” value for Oregon, Washington, and northern California reflects the low frequency (~1 per 500 years) but the potential for very high runups from magnitude 9 earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone.
Book Synopsis Modeling for the Safrr Tsunami Scenario by : U.S. Department of the Interior
Download or read book Modeling for the Safrr Tsunami Scenario written by U.S. Department of the Interior and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-03 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Open-File report presents a compilation of tsunami modeling studies for the Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) tsunami scenario. These modeling studies are based on an earthquake source specified by the SAFRR tsunami source working group (Kirby and others, 2013). The modeling studies in this report are organized into three groups. The first group relates to tsunami generation. The effects that source discretization and horizontal displacement have on tsunami initial conditions are examined in section 1 (Whitmore and others). In section 2 (Ryan and others), dynamic earthquake rupture models are explored in modeling tsunami generation. These models calculate slip distribution and vertical displacement of the seafloor as a result of realistic fault friction, physical properties of rocks surrounding the fault, and dynamic stresses resolved on the fault.
Book Synopsis Tsunami Science Four Years After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami by : Phil R. Cummins
Download or read book Tsunami Science Four Years After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami written by Phil R. Cummins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-20 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tragedy of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami has led to a rapid expansion in science directed at understanding tsunami and mitigating their hazard. A remarkable cross-section of this research was presented in the session: Tsunami Generation and Hazard, at the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics XXIV General Assembly in Perugia, held in July of 2007. Over one hundred presentations were made at this session, spanning topics ranging from paleotsunami research, to nonlinear shallow-water theory, to tsunami hazard and risk assessment. A selection of this work, along with other contributions from leading tsunami scientists, is published in detail in the 28 papers of this special issue of Pure and Applied Geophysics: Tsunami Science Four Years After the Indian Ocean Tsunami. Part I of this issue includes 14 papers covering the state-of-the-art in tsunami modelling and hazard assessment. Another 14 papers are published in Part II focusing on observations and data analysis.
Book Synopsis Tsunami: Modeling and Hazard Assessment by : Jonathan Keller
Download or read book Tsunami: Modeling and Hazard Assessment written by Jonathan Keller and published by . This book was released on 2022-09-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A tsunami is a series of waves in a water body, usually an ocean or a lake, caused by the displacement of a large volume of water. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions have the potential to generate a tsunami. The wavelength of a tsunami wave is far longer than normal undersea currents or sea waves. They consist of a series of waves with periods ranging from minutes to hours, and wave heights of several metres. Tsunamis have an enormous destructive power, and majorly affect the coastal areas. They can also affect entire ocean basins. Tsunami modeling focuses on the necessary tool for assessing the impact at the target coastline of tsunamis corresponding to all earthquake scenarios considered in the earthquake model. This book discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches of tsunami modeling and hazard assessment. Different evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on this discipline have been included herein. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.
Book Synopsis Vertical Evacuation from Tsunamis by :
Download or read book Vertical Evacuation from Tsunamis written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Local Tsunami Hazards in the Pacific Northwest from Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes by : Eric L. Geist
Download or read book Local Tsunami Hazards in the Pacific Northwest from Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes written by Eric L. Geist and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selected Papers from the 14th Estuarine and Coastal Modeling Conference by : Richard P. Signell
Download or read book Selected Papers from the 14th Estuarine and Coastal Modeling Conference written by Richard P. Signell and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Selected Papers from the 14th Estuarine and Coastal Modeling Conference" that was published in JMSE
