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Tropospheric Water Vapor Absorption In The Infrared Window Regions
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Book Synopsis Tropospheric Water Vapor Absorption in the Infrared Window Regions by : Michael Eugene Thomas
Download or read book Tropospheric Water Vapor Absorption in the Infrared Window Regions written by Michael Eugene Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attenuation of infrared radiation in the troposphere is dominated by water vapor absorption. Most past work on the spectroscopy of water vapor has been on the analysis of the rotational and vibrational bands. As a result a thorough listing of line positions, line strengths and halfwidths exists today. Because of the weak 'continuum' absorption in the water vapor windows centered at 10 and 4 microns, efforts to measure and model the continuum have not been as successful as efforts in the analysis of the bands. Yet a precise understanding of continuum absorption is important for long path energy transmission. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the importance of far wing phenomena in characterizing H2O continuum absorption. A total line shape for water vapor-nitrogen interactions valid under tropospheric conditions is derived. The model is tested using a set of experimental room temperature H2O continuum measurements of high quality. Using this data base parameters of the far wing component of the total line shape are determined.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Water Vapor by : Adarsh Deepak
Download or read book Atmospheric Water Vapor written by Adarsh Deepak and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric Water Vapor contains the technical proceedings of the International Workshop on Atmospheric Water Vapor held in Vail, Colorado, on September 11-13, 1979. The papers assess the state-of-the-art in measurement, modeling, and application of atmospheric water vapor properties and highlight important problems that require further effort in order to better understand the atmosphere itself as well as the electromagnetic propagation through the atmosphere. Comprised of 39 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the optics and spectroscopy of water vapor. Some actual spectra showing the problems specific to the water molecule are described, along with the method used to calculate precise vibration-rotation energy levels and wave functions. Atmospheric infrared transmission measurements in maritime locations are also presented. Subsequent sections explore microwave and millimeter wave phenomena; geoastrophysical applications; and in situ measurements, remote sensing, and meteorology of water vapor. The final chapters deal with the microphysics and atmospheric chemistry of water vapor. This monograph will be of interest to scientists from universities, government agencies, research laboratories, and industry.
Book Synopsis An Outline for the RTNEPH Infrared Atmospheric Water Vapor Attenuation Study by : Robert Paul D'Entremont
Download or read book An Outline for the RTNEPH Infrared Atmospheric Water Vapor Attenuation Study written by Robert Paul D'Entremont and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Real-Time Nephanalysis (RTNE PH) generates real-time global analysis of cloud extent, base, height, and type. The RTNE PH makes extensive use of satellite data that are measured in the 10-12 micron infrared (IR) window for thermal mapping of clouds and the earth's surface both day and night. Water vapor absorption effects are significant in such data, especially for high viewing angles and tropical atmospheres where water vapor concentrations are generally high. Water vapor attenuates the emitted ground radiance, reducing its magnitude and with it the apparent temperature of the surface being viewed. Currently, the RTNEPH takes into account such attenuation losses using lookup tables that are functions of viewing geometry, time of day, type of background, and the like. However, these corrections have limited value and leave room for significant improvement. This report outlines and presents two new techniques that are expected to enhance the attenuation correction capabilities of the RTNEPH, multivariate polynomial regression (the Weinreb technique) and the correlated K method.
Book Synopsis A Study of Water Aerosol Absorption and Emission Effects (Including Fogs) in the 8- to 13-Micron Infrared Window by :
Download or read book A Study of Water Aerosol Absorption and Emission Effects (Including Fogs) in the 8- to 13-Micron Infrared Window written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water aerosols theoretically are capable of very strong absorption and emission in the 8 micrometers to 13 micrometers infrared atmospheric window, owing to the 10,000 increase in the absorptivity of water in this spectral region for the liquid phase as compared to that for water vapor. The author reviews his earlier papers in light of subsequence developments reported in the literature and finds strong evidence for water aerosol activity in measurements relating to atmospheric transmission, radiance, and turbulence. Several examples are given of experimental increases in optical activity of the atmosphere with relative humidity increases, even though absolute humidities (reflecting water vapor concentrations normally stated to cause similar effects owing to wing absorption of distant lines) are quite constant. Availability and suitability of condensation nuclei are thought to be significant in determining the degree of water aerosol absorption and emission. Emission effects are most pronounced.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nu-averaged Infrared Absorption Coefficients of Water Vapor by : R. F. Calfee
Download or read book Nu-averaged Infrared Absorption Coefficients of Water Vapor written by R. F. Calfee and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report the quantitative absorption coefficients of water vapor in a format suitable for calculation of water vapor absorption spectra characterized by instrumental bandpasses of 1 cm−1 or greater in the 670 to 1450 cm−1 region. The coefficients are derived from individual line parameters of H2O and represent a useful way of reducing line parameter data to a practical volume of information for 1 cm−1 resolution spectra of the troposphere. Transmission spectra for three water vapor concentrations show typical applications of the absorption coefficient tables. The application of the data is restricted to conditions within 10% of 1 atmosphere pressure and a temperature of 296 K if a transmission accuracy of 2% is to be maintained.
Book Synopsis The Infrared Horizon of the Planet Earth by : R. A. Hanel
Download or read book The Infrared Horizon of the Planet Earth written by R. A. Hanel and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Anomalous Absorption by Atmospheric Water Vapor and Stabilized Water Fogs in the Infrared and CM-Wave Regions by : Hugh R. Carlon
Download or read book Anomalous Absorption by Atmospheric Water Vapor and Stabilized Water Fogs in the Infrared and CM-Wave Regions written by Hugh R. Carlon and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurements of anomalous or excessive absorption by atmospheric water vapor, i.e., absorption in excess of water monomer absorption and droplet scattering predictions, are analyzed for the infrared and 5-17/cm regions. Both fair weather and fog data are considered. It is found that observations in both spectral regions can be explained by clustering (hydrogen bonding) of approx. .001 of vapor molecules. The development leads to several tentative conclusions: 1) equilibrium cluster populations (and maximum absorption) are only attained for vapor in contact with liquid water; 2) the clusters are formed by evaporation, are large, and cannot be modeled by Boltzmann statistics; 3) cluster modes can account for unexplained spectral features at 5-17/cm; 4) excessive absorption both in the infrared and 5-17/cm regions probably can be explained by the same cluster species. In the appendix, the visible and infrared optical properties of evaporation stabilized water fogs also are considered. Evaporation of artificial water fogs can be retarded by the application of coatings of long-chain fatty alcohols to the droplets during generation. Measurements are described, and droplet diameters and mass extinction coefficients are reported for water fogs coated with cetyl alcohol (1-hexadecanol) from a commercial generator. (aw).
Book Synopsis Optical Propagation in Linear Media by : Michael E. Thomas
Download or read book Optical Propagation in Linear Media written by Michael E. Thomas and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-09-07 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A typical optical system is composed of three basic components: a source, a detector, and a medium in which the optical energy propagates. Many textbooks cover sources and detectors, but very few cover propagation in a comprehensive way, incorporating the latest progress in theory and experiment concerning the propagating medium. This book fulfills that need. It is the first comprehensive and self-contained book on this topic. It is useful reference book for researchers, and a textbook for courses like Laser Light Propagation, Solid State Optics, and Optical Propagation in the Atmosphere.
Book Synopsis Calculation of atmospheric radiances and brightness temperatures in infrared window channels of satellite radiometers by : Michael P. Weinreb
Download or read book Calculation of atmospheric radiances and brightness temperatures in infrared window channels of satellite radiometers written by Michael P. Weinreb and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "We describe a method of simulating measurements of atmospheric radiances and brightness temperatures in wide-bank window channels (at 11 and 3.7 [micro]m) of satellite radiometers. As input the simulation takes vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature and water-vapor mixing ratio, as well as the spectral response functions of the window channels. It models the atmospheric transmittances and integrates the equation of radiative transfer. We demonstrate the use of the method with applications to the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer on the TIROS-N satellite."--p.1.
Book Synopsis Observation of the Earth and Its Environment by : Herbert J. Kramer
Download or read book Observation of the Earth and Its Environment written by Herbert J. Kramer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-30 with total page 1509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about spaceborne missions and instruments. In addition, surveys of airborne missions and of campaigns can be found on the accompanying CD-ROM in pdf-format. Compared with the 3rd edition the spaceborne part grew from about 300 to 1000 pages. The complete text - including the electronic-only chapters - contains more than 1900 pages. New chapters treat the history of Earth observation and university missions. The number of commercial Earth imaging missions has grown significantly. A chapter contains reference data and definitions. Extensive appendices provide a comprehensive glossary, acronyms and abbreviations and an index of sensors. An effort has been made to present the information in context, to point out relationships and interconnections. The book may serve as a reference and guide to all involved in the various national and international space programs: researchers and managers, service providers and data users, teachers and students.
Book Synopsis Chemistry of the Environment by : Ronald A. Bailey
Download or read book Chemistry of the Environment written by Ronald A. Bailey and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-04-23 with total page 861 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasizing new science essential to the practice of environmental chemistry at the beginning of the new millennium, Chemistry of the Environment describes the atmosphere as a distinct sphere of the environment and the practice of industrial ecology as it applies to chemical science. It includes extensive coverage of nuclear chemistry, covering both natural environmental sources and anthropogenic sources, their impacts on health, and their role in energy production, that goes well beyond the newspaper coverage to discuss nuclear chemistry and disposal in a balanced and scientifically rational way. This is the only environmental chemistry text to adequately discuss nuclear chemistry and disposal in a balanced and scientifically rational way. The overall format allows for particular topics to be omitted at the discretion of the instructor without loss of continuity. Contains a discussion of climate history to put current climate concerns in perspective, an approach that makes current controversy about climate change more understandable.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Refraction of Infrared Radiation by : Thomas P. Condron
Download or read book Atmospheric Refraction of Infrared Radiation written by Thomas P. Condron and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Weather Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NASA Technical Note written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Physical Climatology by : Dennis L. Hartmann
Download or read book Global Physical Climatology written by Dennis L. Hartmann and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2015-12-03 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Physical Climatology, Second Edition, provides an introduction to the science of climate and climate change that spans the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface, and the interactions among them. It begins with a basic introduction to the climate system, and then introduces the physics of the climate system, including the principles and processes that determine the structure and climate of the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface. More advanced topics apply the basic knowledge introduced to understanding natural variability of the climate in both the present and past, the sensitivity of climate to external forcing, explanations for the ice ages, and the science of human-induced climate change. The physical principles and computer models necessary for understanding past climate and predicting future climate are also discussed. This book is recommended for upper division undergraduates and graduates in meteorology, atmospheric science, oceanography, and other environmental fields. It is also suitable for students with a background of at least one year of college physics and calculus as well as researchers in academia, government (military, NOAA, NWS), and policymakers. Covers a great range of information on the Earth’s climate system and how it works Includes a basic introduction to the physics of climate suitable for physical science majors Provides an overview of the central themes of modern research on climate change suitable for beginning researchers Incorporates problem sets to aid learning Offers an authoritative, clearly written, well-illustrated text with up-to-date data and modeling results
Book Synopsis Modern Developments in Energy, Combustion and Spectroscopy by : F.A. Williams
Download or read book Modern Developments in Energy, Combustion and Spectroscopy written by F.A. Williams and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compendium of technical articles is dedicated to Professor Stanford Solomon Penner on the occasion of his 70th birthday. As one of the most prominent scientists of our times, he has been particularly instrumental in advancing the field of combustion science while simultaneously he has developed quantitative spectroscopy into an important engineering discipline, and is also a leading international expert on energy issues. Written primarily by researchers who were Professor Penner's doctorate students during the last four decades, the articles consist of original contributions as well as previously published papers that provide important insights into combustion, spectroscopy, and energy problems. Among the topics included are turbulent combustion, flame structure, detonations, spectroscopic diagnostics, spectroscopy of atmospheric gases, and physical problems associated with nuclear reactors as well as electric power distribution, and energy conversion. The book includes a short biography of Professor Penner and a complete bibliography of his publications.
