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Tritium Storage Effects On La Ni Al Alloys
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Book Synopsis Tritium Storage Effects on La-Ni-Al Alloys by :
Download or read book Tritium Storage Effects on La-Ni-Al Alloys written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of La-Ni-Al metal hydrides to process and store tritium presents unique problems to the handling of tritium. All hydrogen isotopes are ''trapped'' in La-Ni-Al alloys as a function of homogeneity and the degree of activation, or number of full cycles the material experiences before being exposed to tritium. To a lesser extent, the mole fraction of aluminum has an effect on the number of cycles needed for full activation. Data is presented which shows the effect of La-rich second phases on the retentium of protium, the x-ray diffraction line broadening as a function of number of cycles, and the observed ''heel'' in the alpha region of the isotherm due to Ni-Al second phases. There also appears to be an increase in solubility of tritium due to the lattice expansion on the metal.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-12 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Safety in Tritium Handling Technology by : F. Mannone
Download or read book Safety in Tritium Handling Technology written by F. Mannone and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of tritium as a basic fuel material in a thermonuclear fusion reactor raises particular safety issues due to the combined effects of its physico chemical properties and radioactive nature. Furthermore the possibility of attaining further significant progresses in developing and demonstrating the feasibility of tritium burning devices relies on the handling of tritium macroquantities, say ten grammes, in a safe and reliable manner. It is also undoubted that, apart from technological constraints, any validation and exploitation of thermonuclear fusion as a source of energy will be strongly conditioned by the application of stringent operational and environmental safety criteria as it derives from norms of the modern legislation and public acceptance considerations. Even if the safe handling of tritium has already been demonstrated to be feasible on a full fuel cycle scale, it is unanimously recognized that further efforts are still to be concentrated on the improvement of current concepts and development of advanced technologies. Some of the areas requiring substantial additional efforts are plasma exhaust fuel c1ean-up, tritium pellet injection, processing of inert carrier gas, development of large free-oil pumps,tritlUm process analytics, development of large detritiation systems, beryllium-tritium interaction studies, tritium hold-up studies in getter beds, adsorbers and structural materials, tritium recovery from first wall, structural and breeder materials for minimizing tritiated waste arising,tritium storage technology, tritiated waste disposal technolo~y, methodology for routine tritium accountancy,etc . . Most of them are intrinsically related to the safety requirement of tritium technology.
Book Synopsis Short Term Aging of LaNi{sub 4.25}Al{sub 0.75} Tritide Storage Material by :
Download or read book Short Term Aging of LaNi{sub 4.25}Al{sub 0.75} Tritide Storage Material written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In support of the Tritium Facilities at the Savannah River Site (SRS), the Tritium Exposure Program (TEP) was initiated in 1986 to investigate the effects of tritium aging on metal hydride materials used in tritium processing applications. The primary material selected for tritium storage was the substituted LaNi5 alloy, LaNi{sub 4.25}Al{sub 0.75} (LANA. 75). The substitution of Al for Ni served to lower the plateau pressure of the tritide, and to stabilize the material to cycling and tritium aging effects. The sub-atmospheric plateau pressure, of LANA. 75 tritide at room temperature, made it a safe tritium storage medium, and the tritium aging effects were reduced from that of LaNi5 tritide, but not eliminated. LANA. 75 tritides retain the 3He decay product of absorbed tritium in the metal lattice. As the concentration of 3He grows, the lattice becomes strained due to the insoluble species. This strain is manifest in tritium aging effects. These effects include (1) a decrease in the equilibrium plateau pressure, (2) an increase in the plateau slope, (3) a reduction in the reversible storage capacity, and (4) the evolution of a tritium heel. The long term aging effects have been studied over the years, however the short term (less than one year) tritium aging effects have not been investigated until now. The acquisition of desorption isotherms at more than one temperature allows the thermodynamic parameters of change in enthalpy, [Delta]H, and change in entropy, [Delta]S, for the [beta]-[alpha] phase transition of the metal tritide to be determined. These parameters are related to the equilibrium pressure, P, and the isothermal temperature, T, through the following relation: where R is the gas constant, and the factor of 1/2 yields results per mole of atomic tritium. A van`t Hoff plot of 1/2 Ln(P) versus 1/T may be fitted to a straight line, with the slope and intercept used to determine [Delta]H and [Delta]S through equation.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Materials Science and Chemistry of Metal Hydrides by : Michael D. Hampton
Download or read book Hydrogen Materials Science and Chemistry of Metal Hydrides written by Michael D. Hampton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In September, 1999, with the generous support of NATO, scientists from 18 different nations gathered in Katsiveli, Yalta, Ukraine at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Hydrogen Materials Science and Chemistry of Metal Hydrides to present their research and to discuss world energy problems and possible solutions, interactions of hydrogen with materials, the role of hydrogen in materials science, and the chemistry of metal hydrides. High level and highly professional presentations were accompanied by a great deal of discussion and debate of the issues from both fundamental and global perspectives. The result was a large number of new collaborations, new directions, and better understanding of energy and materials issues. The research presented at this meeting can be found in this volume. These papers range from global perspectives such as the new vision of energy and how hydrogen fits into that future, to reviews such as a look at nickel hydride over the last 40 years, to very specific current research. A large number of papers are included on hydrogen and materials. These papers include articles on properties such as superconductivity, diffusion EMF, magnetic properties, physico chemical properties, phase composition, and permeability as a result of the interaction with or incorporation of hydrogen. Also included are papers discussing the use of hydrogen as a processing or alloying agent. The use of hydrogen in the synthesis of battery electrode materials, composite materials, and alloys is also presented.
Book Synopsis Characterization of LaNi{sub 4.25}Al{sub 0.75} Tritide for Use as a Long Term Tritium Storage Medium by :
Download or read book Characterization of LaNi{sub 4.25}Al{sub 0.75} Tritide for Use as a Long Term Tritium Storage Medium written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of metal hydride technology has offered numerous safety as well as operating advantages for tritium processing operations. The SRS Replacement Tritium Facility (RTF) utilizes this technology extensively. During design of the RTF systems, LaNi{sub 4.25}Al{sub 0.75} (LANA. 75) was chosen as the primary tritium storage material. This material was selected largely because of the isotherm plateau pressure, which allows the tritium to be stored as a metal tritide at subatmospheric pressures while still being able to generate pressures of>1000 mm Hg needed for process applications. A benefit of this substitution is an increase in the stability of this material to tritium aging effects and to disproportionation. The LANA. 75 material, like many metal tritides used for tritium processing, retains insoluble helium-3 which is born in the metal lattice through radiolytic decay of tritium. This causes changes in the thermodynamics of the metal-hydrogen system, decreasing the [alpha]-[beta] plateau pressure, increasing the plateau slope, and decreasing the reversible hydriding capacity. The latter also includes the growth of a tritium {open_quotes}heel{close_quotes} which cannot be removed under normal processing conditions. All of these factors affect the long-term performance of LANA. 75-tritide in processing applications. Tritium aging studies have been underway on LANA. 75 since 1987 in the SRTC Materials Test Facility. Material characterization of LANA. 75-tritide has been completed on material exposed to tritium for 5.4 years at full stoichiometry.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Towards Hydrogen Infrastructure by : Deepshikha Jaiswal-Nagar
Download or read book Towards Hydrogen Infrastructure written by Deepshikha Jaiswal-Nagar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-08-22 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Towards Hydrogen Infrastructure: Advances and Challenges in Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy lays out the fundamental needs and processes of a potential hydrogen-based economy. This book begins by outlining the processes, theory, and technology underlying hydrogen energy, from production to storage and dissemination. Each chapter outlines the potential and the hurdles for developing each element toward a workable hydrogen infrastructure. The later parts consider the social, and environmental issues surrounding the hydrogen economy, and suggest updated governmental policies. Presenting the needs of hydrogen energy infrastructure from development to practical implementation, Provides a basic overview of hydrogen energy processes, from production and storage to transportation and use. Considers in detail the potential needs and opportunities of future hydrogen economic infrastructure, identifies necessary developments, and lays out a roadmap toward a successful transition. Presents safety and environmental considerations for the potential hydrogen economy, and proposes governmental and regulatory policies to enable effective, safe, and sustainable use.
Download or read book Science in China written by and published by . This book was released on 2005-06 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Summary of Tritium In-Bed Accountability for 1500 Liter La-Ni-Al Storage Beds by :
Download or read book A Summary of Tritium In-Bed Accountability for 1500 Liter La-Ni-Al Storage Beds written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper summarizes the in-bed accountability (IBA) calibration results for all the RF LaNi4.25Al0.75 tritium storage beds.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information and foreign nonnuclear information.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Download or read book Materials Transactions, JIM. written by and published by . This book was released on 1997-07 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
