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Tritium Separation Using Metal Hydrides
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Book Synopsis Tritium Separation Using Metal Hydrides by :
Download or read book Tritium Separation Using Metal Hydrides written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses some of the metal hydride and intermetallic compounds which readily absorb the hydrogen gas by a simple contact to form metal hydrides. Metal hydrides have several important properties for the hydrogen isotope separation.
Book Synopsis Tritium Isotope Separation by : Gheorghe Vasaru
Download or read book Tritium Isotope Separation written by Gheorghe Vasaru and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-03-25 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tritium Isotope Separation is the first book to present a current overview of the separation processes for tritium isotopes. The book consists of two parts. Part I explores the sources of tritium and the evolution of the world's tritium inventory. Part II describes the processes and plants used for tritium isotope separation, enrichment methods for tritium for analytical purposes, methods for recovering and enriching tritium from nuclear and thermonuclear plants, and the laser method. The book in general emphasizes applications, performance, characterization, laboratory experiments, pilot plants and industrial production, reliability, and cost. An author index, subject index, list of acronyms and abbreviations, and glossary have been included to make the book an even more valuable reference. Tritium Isotope Separation will be an essential book for all nuclear energy engineers, nuclear physicists, and others working with various aspects of isotope separation science.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Isotope Exchange in Metal Hydride Columns by :
Download or read book Hydrogen Isotope Exchange in Metal Hydride Columns written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several metal hydrides were shown to act as chromatographic media for hydrogen isotopes. The procedure was to equilibrate a column of hydride with flowing hydrogen, inject a small quantity of tritium tracer, and observe its elution behavior. Characteristic retention times were found. From these and the extent of widening of the tritium band, the heights equivalent to a theoretical plate could be calculated. Values of around 1 cm were obtained. The following are the metals whose hydrides were studied, together with the temperature ranges in which chromatographic behavior was observed: vanadium, 0 to 70°C; zirconium, 500 to 600°C; LaNi5, -78 to +30°C; Mg2Ni, 300 to 375°C; palladium, 0 to 70°C. A dual-temperature isotope separation process based on hydride chromatography was demonstrated. In this, a column was caused to cycle between two temperatures while being supplied with a constant stream of tritium-traced hydrogen. Each half-cycle was continued until ''breakthrough, '' i.e., until the tritium concentration in the effluent was the same as that in the feed. Up to that point, the effluent was enriched or depleted in tritium, by up to 20%.
Book Synopsis Tritium Processing Using Metal Hydrides by :
Download or read book Tritium Processing Using Metal Hydrides written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: E.I. duPont de Nemours and Company is commissioned by the US Department of Energy to operate the Savannah River Plant and Laboratory. The primary purpose of the plant is to produce radioactive materials for national defense. In keeping with current technology, new processes for the production of tritium are being developed. Three main objectives of this new technology are to ease the processing of, ease the storage of, and to reduce the operating costs of the tritium production facility. Research has indicated that the use of metal hydrides offers a viable solution towards satisfying these objectives. The Hydrogen and Fuels Technology Division has the responsibility to conduct research in support of the tritium production process. Metal hydride technology and its use in the storage and transportation of hydrogen will be reviewed.
Book Synopsis Tritium Removal Using Vanadium Hydride by :
Download or read book Tritium Removal Using Vanadium Hydride written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of an initial examination of the feasibility of separation of tritium from gaseous protium-tritium mixtures using vanadium hydride in cyclic processes is reported. Interest was drawn to the vanadium-hydrogen system because of the so-called inverse isotope effect exhibited by this system. Thus the tritide is more stable than the protide, a fact which makes the system attractive for removal of tritium from a mixture in which the light isotope predominates. The initial results of three phases of the research program are reported, dealing with studies of the equilibrium and kinetics properties of isotope exchange, development of an equilibrium theory of isotope separation via heatless adsorption, and experiments on the performance of a single heatless adsorption stage. In the equilibrium and kinetics studies, measurements were made of pressure-composition isotherms, the HT--H2 separation factors and rates of HT--H2 exchange. This information was used to evaluate constants in the theory and to understand the performance of the heatless adsorption experiments. A recently developed equilibrium theory of heatless adsorption was applied to the HT--H2 separation using vanadium hydride. Using the theory it was predicted that no separation would occur by pressure cycling wholly within the .beta. phase but that separation would occur by cycling between the .beta. and .gamma. phases and using high purge-to-feed ratios. Heatless adsorption experiments conducted within the .beta. phase led to inverse separations rather than no separation. A kinetic isotope effect may be responsible. Cycling between the .beta. and .gamma. phases led to separation but not to the predicted complete removal of HT from the product stream, possibly because of finite rates of exchange. Further experimental and theoretical work is suggested which may ultimately make possible assessment of the feasibility and practicability of hydrogen isotope separation by this approach.
Book Synopsis Interaction of Hydrogen Isotopes with Transition Metals and Intermetallic Compounds by : B.M. Andreev
Download or read book Interaction of Hydrogen Isotopes with Transition Metals and Intermetallic Compounds written by B.M. Andreev and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studying the interactions between heavy hydrogen isotopes and hydride forming metals or intermetallic compounds (IMC) is of importance for both fundamental and applied sciences. These systems offer, for example, the possibility of technical hydrogen isotope separation due to their considerable isotope effects. In addition, quite a lot of problems of hydrogen recovery, hydrogen purification, and tritium storage can be solved. This review deals with theoretical aspects of the interaction of heavy hydrogen isotopes with metals and IMC, and contains detailed information on phase and isotopic equilibrium and of the kinetics of isotope exchange in systems with hydride phases. Numerical data and results from theoretical and experimental studies are presented as well.
Book Synopsis Tritium and Helium-3 in Metals by : Rainer Lässer
Download or read book Tritium and Helium-3 in Metals written by Rainer Lässer and published by Springer. This book was released on 1989 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tritium Technologies for Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors by : Alexander Perevezentsev
Download or read book Tritium Technologies for Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors written by Alexander Perevezentsev and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-06-02 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tritium Technologies for Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors summarizes the most recent research and practice in tritium technologies for the processing of hydrogen isotopes in fuel cycles. Authors Dr. Perevezentsev and Professor Rozenkevich combine their wealth of first-hand experience to present this comprehensive guide which promotes the best radiation protection practices and a more sustainable way to produce power in a thermonuclear reactor plant. Applicable to both magnetic and inertial confinements of plasma, this book covers tritium processing systems, tritium recovery from the plasma chamber, and various safety systems devoted to lessening the impact on the public and environment. The readers are also led through various modeling techniques, such as the separation of hydrogen isotopes, and the detritiation of liquid and gaseous streams in dynamic and steady state operation modes. This book is a practical guide which includes various case studies and examples which will help solidify the reader’s learning. It combines the latest research of tritium technologies with applications for fusion nuclear reactors, and includes solutions and directions for the resolution of various common challenges faced. Engineers, researchers, and students of tritium technologies, fusion energy, and nuclear power generation will gain a detailed and integrated understanding of how tritium can be used within a nuclear setting, for cleaner and more efficient power generation. Guides the reader through problem solving via step-by-step processes and models Includes case studies and examples throughout, from two of the most recognized experts in the field with firsthand knowledge of the subject Presents a comprehensive, practical reference on the tritium fuel cycle for fusion reactors
Author :Atomic Energy of Canada Limited Publisher :Chalk River, Ont. : Chemical Engineering Branch, Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories ISBN 13 : Total Pages :22 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (159 download)
Book Synopsis Tritium Immobilization and Packaging Using Metal Hydrides by : Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
Download or read book Tritium Immobilization and Packaging Using Metal Hydrides written by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited and published by Chalk River, Ont. : Chemical Engineering Branch, Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories. This book was released on 1981 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Report on Process Design Studies of a Tritium Recovery Process Using Dual Temperature Exchange with Metal Hydrides by :
Download or read book Report on Process Design Studies of a Tritium Recovery Process Using Dual Temperature Exchange with Metal Hydrides written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies were made of the process characteristics of a plant to decontaminate tritiated water using dual temperature exchange with VH2. Feed to the plant consists of 300 kg/day on water containing 1 Ci/kg of tritium. A reference design was developed based on a decontamination factor of 102 and 10 kg/day of enriched product. This design requires a total of 48 ideal separation stages, 22 stages in the enriching section and 26 stages in the stripping section. Only low grade heat is required for the heating cycle and a relatively small (12 ton) ice machine is required for the cooling cycle. A total plant inventory of approximately 10 tons VH2 is required. A mechanical design of the dual temperature stage complete with all heat transfer surfaces and flow diverters was devised and modeled. Since the process involves periodic swings in temperature between 0 and 60°C, a substantial portion of the operation is expected to be in unsteady state transition from one state to another. A two-step experimental program has been presented: the first step consists of a single stage unit, i.e., one hot bed and one cold bed operating in a simple closed loop. The second stage in the experimental program would consist of five stages operating as a small cascade. (DLC).
Book Synopsis Storage of tritium in metal hydrides by : J. M. Yaraskavitch
Download or read book Storage of tritium in metal hydrides written by J. M. Yaraskavitch and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Economic Aspects of Tritium Separation from Water Via Laser Isotope Separation by : Daniel Loring Gould
Download or read book Economic Aspects of Tritium Separation from Water Via Laser Isotope Separation written by Daniel Loring Gould and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tritium Storage Effects on La-Ni-Al Alloys by :
Download or read book Tritium Storage Effects on La-Ni-Al Alloys written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of La-Ni-Al metal hydrides to process and store tritium presents unique problems to the handling of tritium. All hydrogen isotopes are ''trapped'' in La-Ni-Al alloys as a function of homogeneity and the degree of activation, or number of full cycles the material experiences before being exposed to tritium. To a lesser extent, the mole fraction of aluminum has an effect on the number of cycles needed for full activation. Data is presented which shows the effect of La-rich second phases on the retentium of protium, the x-ray diffraction line broadening as a function of number of cycles, and the observed ''heel'' in the alpha region of the isotherm due to Ni-Al second phases. There also appears to be an increase in solubility of tritium due to the lattice expansion on the metal.
Book Synopsis Tritium Separation Factor in the Calcium-water Reaction by : Daniel A. Brown
Download or read book Tritium Separation Factor in the Calcium-water Reaction written by Daniel A. Brown and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tritium Processing at the Savannah River Site (SRS) by :
Download or read book Tritium Processing at the Savannah River Site (SRS) written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tritium handling equipment and methods at the Savannah River Site Tritium Facilities have been continually improved since tritium processing operations began in 1955. Several new technologies were introduced into the Tritium Facilities in the 1980's. One of these is the use of fluidless, mechanical pumps (Normetex and Metal Bellows) to replace mercury pumps. A second is the use of metal hydride technology to store, purify, isotopically separate, pump, and compress hydrogen isotopes. Metal hydrides, such as La-Ni-Al alloys and Pd loaded on kieselguhr, offer significant flexibility and size advantages compared with conventional tritium handling technology, such as gas tanks, thermal diffusion columns, and mechanical compressors. Metal hydrides have been used in the Tritium Facilities since 1984 with the most important application of this technology being planned for the Replacement Tritium Facility, a $140 million facility scheduled for completion in 1990 and startup in 1991. 11 refs., 9 figs.
Book Synopsis Tritium isotope separation using resonance radiation by : P. C. Strangeby
Download or read book Tritium isotope separation using resonance radiation written by P. C. Strangeby and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Novel Methods of Tritium Sequestration by :
Download or read book Novel Methods of Tritium Sequestration written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project is aimed at addressing critical issues related to tritium sequestration in next generation nuclear energy systems. A technical hurdle to the use of high temperature heat from the exhaust produced in the next generation nuclear processes in commercial applications such as nuclear hydrogen production is the trace level of tritium present in the exhaust gas streams. This presents a significant challenge since the removal of tritium from the high temperature gas stream must be accomplished at elevated temperatures in order to subsequently make use of this heat in downstream processing. One aspect of the current project is to extend the techniques and knowledge base for metal hydride materials being developed for the ''hydrogen economy'' based on low temperature absorption/desorption of hydrogen to develop materials with adequate thermal stability and an affinity for hydrogen at elevated temperatures. The second focus area of this project is to evaluate high temperature proton conducting materials as hydrogen isotope separation membranes. Both computational and experimental approaches will be applied to enhance the knowledge base of hydrogen interactions with metal and metal oxide materials. The common theme between both branches of research is the emphasis on both composition and microstructure influence on the performance of sequestration materials.
