Tritium on Ice

Download Tritium on Ice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262261722
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (617 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Tritium on Ice by : Kenneth D. Bergeron

Download or read book Tritium on Ice written by Kenneth D. Bergeron and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-09-17 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dangers of a United States government plan to abandon its fifty-year policy of keeping civilian and military uses of nuclear technology separate. In December 1998, Energy Secretary Bill Richardson announced that the U.S. planned to begin producing tritium for its nuclear weapons in commercial nuclear power plants. This decision overturned a fifty-year policy of keeping civilian and military nuclear production processes separate. Tritium, a radioactive form of hydrogen, is needed to turn A-bombs into H-bombs, and the commercial nuclear power plants that are to be modified to produce tritium are called ice condensers. This book provides an insider's perspective on how Richardson's decision came about, and why it is dangerous. Kenneth Bergeron shows that the new policy is unwise not only because it undermines the U.S. commitment to curb nuclear weapons proliferation but also because it will exacerbate serious safety problems at these commercial power facilities, which are operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority and are among the most marginal in the United States. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's review of the TVA's request to modify its plants for the new nuclear weapons mission should attract significant attention and opposition. Tritium on Ice is part expose, part history, part science for the lay reader, and part political science. Bergeron's discussion of how the issues of nuclear weapons proliferation and nuclear reactor safety have become intertwined illuminates larger issues about how the federal government does or does not manage technology in the interests of its citizens and calls into question the integrity of government-funded safety assessments in a deregulated economy.

Production of Tritium by Contained Nuclear Explosions in Salt

Download Production of Tritium by Contained Nuclear Explosions in Salt PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Production of Tritium by Contained Nuclear Explosions in Salt by : W. D. Bond

Download or read book Production of Tritium by Contained Nuclear Explosions in Salt written by W. D. Bond and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Tritium in Mount Everest Ice

Download Tritium in Mount Everest Ice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Tritium in Mount Everest Ice by : Maynard M. Miller

Download or read book Tritium in Mount Everest Ice written by Maynard M. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Tritium, Deuterium, and Oxygen-18 in Water Collected from Unsaturated Sediments Near a Low-level Radioactive-waste Burial Site South of Beatty, Nevada

Download Tritium, Deuterium, and Oxygen-18 in Water Collected from Unsaturated Sediments Near a Low-level Radioactive-waste Burial Site South of Beatty, Nevada PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Tritium, Deuterium, and Oxygen-18 in Water Collected from Unsaturated Sediments Near a Low-level Radioactive-waste Burial Site South of Beatty, Nevada by : David E. Prudic

Download or read book Tritium, Deuterium, and Oxygen-18 in Water Collected from Unsaturated Sediments Near a Low-level Radioactive-waste Burial Site South of Beatty, Nevada written by David E. Prudic and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Sources of Tritium and Its Behavior Upon Release to the Environment

Download Sources of Tritium and Its Behavior Upon Release to the Environment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sources of Tritium and Its Behavior Upon Release to the Environment by : Donald Glenn Jacobs

Download or read book Sources of Tritium and Its Behavior Upon Release to the Environment written by Donald Glenn Jacobs and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Tritium and the Times

Download Tritium and the Times PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Tritium and the Times by : William Lanouette

Download or read book Tritium and the Times written by William Lanouette and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Analysis of Carbon-14 and Tritium in Reactor Stack Gas

Download Analysis of Carbon-14 and Tritium in Reactor Stack Gas PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Analysis of Carbon-14 and Tritium in Reactor Stack Gas by : Seymour Gold

Download or read book Analysis of Carbon-14 and Tritium in Reactor Stack Gas written by Seymour Gold and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Radical Formation and Trapping in Tritium-enriched Ice

Download Radical Formation and Trapping in Tritium-enriched Ice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Radical Formation and Trapping in Tritium-enriched Ice by : JOHN M. FLOURNOY

Download or read book Radical Formation and Trapping in Tritium-enriched Ice written by JOHN M. FLOURNOY and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electron-paramagnetic-resonance (EPR) spectrometry was used to follow quantitatively the formation of trapped OH radicals at 77 K in a sample of ice containing 1 curie/ml of tritium-labeled water as a source of internal beta-radiation. The results are compared with the results of studies of gamma-irradiated ice. The absolute value of the rate constant at look, activation energy for the process, and 3/2-order rate expression were the same as those for gammaproduced irradiated ice. (Author).

Tritium

Download Tritium PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781536135077
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Tritium by : Marija M. Janković

Download or read book Tritium written by Marija M. Janković and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tritium, 3H (T), is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. Naturally occurring tritium is rare on Earth, where trace amounts are formed by the interaction of the atmosphere with cosmic rays. Once formed in the stratosphere, the tritium atoms have a large amount of kinetic energy. At a pressure lower than atmospheric, they react with the oxygen, creating a stable radical HO2. This radical reacts with ozone, following the photochemical reaction of decomposition TO2 to HTO. Once tritium is incorporated into the water molecule, then it falls to the Earth's surface as precipitation or snow, thus entering into the natural hydrological cycle.With a half-life of 12.32 years and a maximum energy of 18 keV beta radiation, this radioisotope is not dangerous externally, but it can be a radiation hazard when inhaled, ingested via food or water, or absorbed through the skin. The biological half-life ranges from around 7 to 14 days, so bioaccumulation of tritium is not a significant concern.Tritium is a very useful hydro-geological tracer and can be successfully applied in assessing the age of groundwater and residence times of continental hydrologic systems or as an oceanic transient tracer. Tritium releases from nuclear installations may be useful for some applications as a powerful local tracer, but on the other hand such releases may affect the reliability and accuracy of tritium use as a global tracer. For this reason, measuring of the activity concentrations of tritium is regularly a part of every national and/or international monitoring programme. Tritium is also used in radio luminescent light sources for watches and various instruments, and, along with deuterium, as a fuel for nuclear fusion reactors with applications in energy generation and weapons.The amount of tritium that appears in the atmosphere as a product of human activity comes from: nuclear reactors, production of nuclear weapons, atmospheric and above ground nuclear explosions, heavy water and tritium plants, and plants for tritium separation. The use of tritium labeled compounds for medical and research purposes is also a possible source of contamination by tritium.Knowledge of the tritium concentration distribution in the environment, awareness of various anthropogenic sources of tritium, and optimization of measurement conditions are of great importance in various applications and in preserving human health.

Health Problems Associated with the Acceleration of Tritons in a 2.5 Mev Van de Graaf

Download Health Problems Associated with the Acceleration of Tritons in a 2.5 Mev Van de Graaf PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Health Problems Associated with the Acceleration of Tritons in a 2.5 Mev Van de Graaf by : Morris J. Engelke

Download or read book Health Problems Associated with the Acceleration of Tritons in a 2.5 Mev Van de Graaf written by Morris J. Engelke and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Ion-pair Yield of the Tritium-oxygen Reaction

Download The Ion-pair Yield of the Tritium-oxygen Reaction PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Ion-pair Yield of the Tritium-oxygen Reaction by : Leon M. Dorfman

Download or read book The Ion-pair Yield of the Tritium-oxygen Reaction written by Leon M. Dorfman and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reactions of Tritium Atoms With Frozen Hydrocarbons

Download Reactions of Tritium Atoms With Frozen Hydrocarbons PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Hassell Street Press
ISBN 13 : 9781014915627
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (156 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reactions of Tritium Atoms With Frozen Hydrocarbons by : Richard Dale Shores

Download or read book Reactions of Tritium Atoms With Frozen Hydrocarbons written by Richard Dale Shores and published by Hassell Street Press. This book was released on 2021-09-10 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Behaviour of Tritium in the Environment

Download Behaviour of Tritium in the Environment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (793 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Behaviour of Tritium in the Environment by : International Atomic Energy Agency

Download or read book Behaviour of Tritium in the Environment written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Natural and anthropogenic levels of tritium in a Canadian arctic ice core, agassiz ice cap, ellesmere island, and comparison with other radionuclides

Download Natural and anthropogenic levels of tritium in a Canadian arctic ice core, agassiz ice cap, ellesmere island, and comparison with other radionuclides PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Natural and anthropogenic levels of tritium in a Canadian arctic ice core, agassiz ice cap, ellesmere island, and comparison with other radionuclides by : T. G. Kotzer

Download or read book Natural and anthropogenic levels of tritium in a Canadian arctic ice core, agassiz ice cap, ellesmere island, and comparison with other radionuclides written by T. G. Kotzer and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reducing Deuterium-tritium Ice Roughness by Electrical Heating of the Saturated Vapor

Download Reducing Deuterium-tritium Ice Roughness by Electrical Heating of the Saturated Vapor PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reducing Deuterium-tritium Ice Roughness by Electrical Heating of the Saturated Vapor by :

Download or read book Reducing Deuterium-tritium Ice Roughness by Electrical Heating of the Saturated Vapor written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High gain targets for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) contain a layer of deuterium-tritium (DT) ice which surrounds a volume of DT gas in thermal equilibrium with the solid. The roughness of the cryogenic fuel layer inside of ICF targets is one of the sources of imperfections which cause implosions to deviate from perfect one dimensional performance. Experiments at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have shown that applying a heat flux across the inner surface of a hydrogen layer such as that inside an ICF target reduces the intrinsic roughness of the surface. We have developed a technique to generate this heat flux by applying and electric field to the DT vapor in the center of these shells. This vapor has a small but significant conductivity due to ionization caused by beta decay of tritium in the vapor and the solid. We describe here experiments using a 1.15 GHz cavity to apply an electric field to frozen DT inside of a sapphire test cell. The cell and cavity geometry allows visual observation of the frozen layers.

Control of Tritium in LMFBR Sodium by Cold Trapping

Download Control of Tritium in LMFBR Sodium by Cold Trapping PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Control of Tritium in LMFBR Sodium by Cold Trapping by :

Download or read book Control of Tritium in LMFBR Sodium by Cold Trapping written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Control of tritium in the sodium coolant of LMFBRs is important for achieving as low as practicable release of radioactivity. Cold-trapping has been shown to be an effective method for controlling hydrogen in sodium and should be effective for controlling tritium as well. Two mechanisms for removal of tritium from sodium have been studied: (1) coprecipitation of hydrogen and tritium from solution in sodium in a cold trap and (2) isotopic exchange of tritium in sodium with hydrogen in solid NaH in a cold trap. Mathematical models have been developed to describe the two mechanisms and experimental runs have been made to determine their relative effectiveness. These experiments, together with the models, have indicated that the coprecipitation mechanism is, as expected, much more effective in removing tritium from sodium than the isotopic exchange mechanism. The model was used to calculate tritium levels in the EBR-II primary system, and agreement with measured levels was achieved within a factor of three. The isotopic exchange mechanism by itself cannot be expected to adequately control tritium in LMFBRs. Hydrogen sources such as corrosion in the steam generators will be important factors in controlling the tritium level.

Health Effects, Dosimetry and Radiological Protection of Tritium

Download Health Effects, Dosimetry and Radiological Protection of Tritium PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781100155821
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (558 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Health Effects, Dosimetry and Radiological Protection of Tritium by : Commission canadienne de sûreté nucléaire

Download or read book Health Effects, Dosimetry and Radiological Protection of Tritium written by Commission canadienne de sûreté nucléaire and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: