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Tree Census Collection Methodology Urban Forest Accuracy And Modeling
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Book Synopsis Tree Census Collection Methodology & Urban Forest Accuracy and Modeling by : Lorna Zoe Kabachnik
Download or read book Tree Census Collection Methodology & Urban Forest Accuracy and Modeling written by Lorna Zoe Kabachnik and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tree Census data is used to quantify forest ecosystem health and services. Current urban forest methodologies lack a comprehensive approach to integrating 2D and 3D in-situ tree census data with 2D and 3D products. This research proposes the Kabachnik Tree Census Model (KTCM), which adds new tree census collection parameters, and a new methodology for processing open source imagery. The KTCM can work with existing data collection platforms like i-Tree. The accuracy of TCC products, a USDA Forest Service (USDAFS) Quickbird derived TCC product, and an open source Google Earth screen capture TCC product, and the TCC KTCM ground truth are analyzed using an error matrix. A regression analysis is used to understand correlations between DBH, height, and volumetric estimates from the KTCM. The results show that the KTCM is a valuable ground truth model and that vegetation shadow, complex multi-story canopy, multi-colored canopy, seasonality, tree growth, and temporal resolutions, pose the greatest errors in correctly assessing tree canopy cover and biomass estimates with high resolution sub-meter imagery.
Book Synopsis Image-based Estimation of Urban Tree Canopy Cover in Support of the Urban Forest Effects (UFORE) Model by :
Download or read book Image-based Estimation of Urban Tree Canopy Cover in Support of the Urban Forest Effects (UFORE) Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tools such as the Urban Forest Effects (UFORE) model exist to convert measured quantities of the physical state of urban forests into monetary sums that represent the ecosystem services that the forests provide. However, field data required to run the model are infrequently collected and very costly to acquire. Remotely sensed data may provide a cost-effective way to collect canopy cover data, one of the data requirements for the UFORE model, to augment and extend the life of the field data. The purpose of this study is to create a simple and repeatable workflow that accurately characterizes forest canopy cover using high resolution remotely sensed data. Student volunteers were trained in image interpretation techniques and then estimated canopy cover for a pilot study area in Tampa, FL. A total of 531 1/10-acre plots (each with 29 systematically distributed points) were interpreted as either 'tree' or 'non-tree' using 2006 IKONOS imagery pan-sharpened to 1 meter and 2010 1-meter 4-band color infrared NAIP imagery. Canopy cover estimates were then compared to field data collected in 2006 and 2011, respectively, and used to train a supervised classification to produce a wall-to-wall map product. Classification resulted in poor overall accuracy for 2006 and 2010 maps, and wall-to-wall products were deemed not acceptable and thus discarded in favor of the image-based estimation. However, comparisons of interpreted points (32.87 percent plus or minus 3.01 percent and 31.35 percent plus or minus 2.91 percent for 2006 and 2010, respectively) and field data (31.30 percent plus or minus 2.79 percent and 33.26 plus or minus 2.87 percent for 2006 and 2011, respectively) indicate strong positive relationships and demonstrate that while considerable resources must be invested to train new interpreters, remotely sensed data can provide an adequate surrogate for field-collected canopy cover data in gap collection years.
Book Synopsis Urban Tree Mortality by : Lara Angelica Roman
Download or read book Urban Tree Mortality written by Lara Angelica Roman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban forests have aesthetic, environmental, human health, and economic benefits that motivate tree planting programs. Realizing these benefits depends on tree survival. Cost-benefit analyses for urban forest ecosystem services are sensitive to mortality rate assumptions and associated population projections. However, long-term mortality data is needed to assess the accuracy of these assumptions. Analytical tools from demography, such as life tables, mortality curves, and survival analysis, can improve our understanding of urban tree mortality. Demographic approaches have been widely used in forest ecology to quantify population dynamics and project future changes in wildland systems. However, to apply demographic techniques to urban forests, longitudinal data is needed, with repeated mortality observations on individual trees. In this dissertation, I analyzed five years of longitudinal data from two Northern California studies: street trees in Oakland and yard trees in Sacramento. These field projects are complemented by a conceptual overview of demographic approaches to urban tree mortality (Chapter 1), and an investigation of practitioner-based tree monitoring programs. For the Oakland study (Chapter 2), I documented tree mortality and planting rates, net population growth, and assessed selected risk factors for survival. I monitored the entire street tree population in a small plot for five years after an initial inventory (2006). I adapted the classic demographic balancing equation to quantify annual inputs and outputs to the system, tracking pools of live and standing dead trees. There was a 17.2% net increase in live tree counts during the study period, with 3.7% overall annual mortality. However, population growth was constrained by high mortality of small/young trees. Size-based mortality rates followed a Type III curve, with highest mortality for small trees, and lower for mid-size and large trees. I used multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between 2011 survival outcomes and inventory data from 2006. Significant associations were found for size class, foliage condition, planting location, and a multiplicative interaction term for size and foliage condition. For the Sacramento study (Chapter 3), I assessed tree losses during the establishment phase for a residential tree give-away program. A cohort of young trees distributed in 2007 was monitored for five years. I used Random Forests to identify the most important risk factors at different life history stages, and survival analysis to evaluate post-planting survivorship. Analysis included socioeconomic, biophysical, and maintenance characteristics. In addition to field observations of tree planting status, survival, and maintenance, I also collected property ownership information (renter vs. owner-occupancy, homeowner change, and foreclosure) through the Multiple Listing Service and neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics from the U.S. Census. I found that 84.9% of trees were planted, with 70.9% survivorship at five years post-planting. Planting rates were higher in neighborhoods with higher educational attainment, and on owner-occupied properties with stable residential ownership. Five-year survival was also higher for properties with stable homeownership, as well as for tree species with low water use demand. When I incorporated maintenance characteristics from the first year of field observations, factors related to tree care were important to survival. Many residents did not adhere to recommended maintenance practices. These results illustrate the critical role of stewardship and consistent homeownership to young tree mortality on residential properties, and suggest that survival assumptions in urban forest cost-benefit models may be overly optimistic. To learn more about practitioner-driven monitoring efforts, I surveyed 32 local urban forestry organizations across the United States about the goals, challenges, methods, and uses of their monitoring programs (Chapter 4). Non-profit organizations, municipal agencies, state agencies, and utilities participated. Common goals for monitoring included evaluating the success of tree planting and management, taking a proactive approach towards tree care, and engaging communities. Challenges included limited staff and funding, difficulties with data management and technology, and field crew training. Programs used monitoring results to inform tree planting and maintenance practices, provide feedback to individuals responsible for tree care, and manage hazard trees. Participants emphasized the importance of planning ahead: carefully considering what data to collect, setting clear goals, developing an appropriate database, and planning for funding and staff time. Urban tree monitoring partnerships between researchers and local organizations should be developed, with standardized protocols and clear research questions. Such partnerships would provide urban forestry professionals with improved mortality information to evaluate the success of planting programs, while expanding the data sets available to researchers. The Oakland and Sacramento studies (Chapters 2 and 3) offer examples of demographic approaches to urban tree mortality that can be replicated and expanded as more longitudinal data becomes available from both researchers and practitioners.
Book Synopsis Trees at Work by : Forest Service (U.S.)
Download or read book Trees at Work written by Forest Service (U.S.) and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2017 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide showcases the increasing interest in ecosystem services, discusses the motivations for valuations of FES (forest ecosystem services) at the State level, and places this work in the context of economic accounting. Readers may be interested in this report to expand their understanding of approaches used and value forest ecosystem services. However, the intended target audience for this report is State forestry officials charged with requesting, selecting, guiding, and evaluating the results of FES assessments in their states. Foresters, construction officials utilizing forest based products, educators, instructors and students in the fields of environmental science and forestry, environmentalists, and investors in the forest products category may also be interested in this work. Check out our Environment & Nature resources collection here:https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/environment-nature Trees & Forests collection here:https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/environment-nature Water Management collection here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/water-management
Book Synopsis Urban Forestry by : National Research Council
Download or read book Urban Forestry written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-09-23 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the ecological research in the past decades has focused on rural or wilderness areas. Today, however, ecological research has been taking place in our cities, where our everyday decisions can have profound effects on our environment. This research, or urban ecology, includes an important element, trees. Trees have had a variety of environmental benefits for our environment including the sequestering carbon, reducing urban heat island effects, providing vital habitat for wildlife, and making nature accessible. These benefits have important impacts on the physical, socio-economic, and mental health of humans as well. Being exposed to trees has been shown to enhance social cohesion, improve health and recreational opportunities, and increase real estate values. In order to gain more knowledge into this urban forestry, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) held a workshop February 25-26, 2013. The workshop brought together more than 100 people with various interests in urban forestry research to share information and perspectives, foster communication across specific areas of ecosystem service research, and consider integrated approaches that cut across these realms. The workshop specifically examined current capabilities to characterize and quantify the benefits, key gaps in our understanding, the challenges of planning urban forests in a way that optimizes multiple ecosystem services and more. Urban Forestry: Toward an Ecosystem Services Research Agenda: A Workshop Summary presents an overview of the issues discussed by the workshop's breakout groups; summarizes presentations from the four panels which included Biophysical Services of the Urban Forest; and context for the study with introductory material from the workshop.
Book Synopsis Identification of Tree Species on Large-scale Panchromatic and Color Aerial Photographs by : Robert Chester Heller
Download or read book Identification of Tree Species on Large-scale Panchromatic and Color Aerial Photographs written by Robert Chester Heller and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book General Technical Report WO written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Urban Forestry by : Francesco Ferrini
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Urban Forestry written by Francesco Ferrini and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-31 with total page 1031 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than half the world's population now lives in cities. Creating sustainable, healthy and aesthetic urban environments is therefore a major policy goal and research agenda. This comprehensive handbook provides a global overview of the state of the art and science of urban forestry. It describes the multiple roles and benefits of urban green areas in general and the specific role of trees, including for issues such as air quality, human well-being and stormwater management. It reviews the various stresses experienced by trees in cities and tolerance mechanisms, as well as cultural techniques for either pre-conditioning or alleviating stress after planting. It sets out sound planning, design, species selection, establishment and management of urban trees. It shows that close interactions with the local urban communities who benefit from trees are key to success. By drawing upon international state-of-art knowledge on arboriculture and urban forestry, the book provides a definitive overview of the field and is an essential reference text for students, researchers and practitioners.
Book Synopsis Urban and Community Forestry in the Northeast by : John E. Kuser
Download or read book Urban and Community Forestry in the Northeast written by John E. Kuser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-14 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a textbook for Urban/Community Forestry courses and a handbook for Shade Tree Commissions, tree wardens, State and National Forestry Services, and professional societies. It is the most complete text in this field because it addresses both culture and management, and the chapters have been written by experts who are active practitioners. The book provides observations and examples relevant to every urban center in the U.S. and elsewhere.
Download or read book Beam Structures written by Erasmo Carrera and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beam theories are exploited worldwide to analyze civil, mechanical, automotive, and aerospace structures. Many beam approaches have been proposed during the last centuries by eminent scientists such as Euler, Bernoulli, Navier, Timoshenko, Vlasov, etc. Most of these models are problem dependent: they provide reliable results for a given problem, for instance a given section and cannot be applied to a different one. Beam Structures: Classical and Advanced Theories proposes a new original unified approach to beam theory that includes practically all classical and advanced models for beams and which has become established and recognised globally as the most important contribution to the field in the last quarter of a century. The Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) has hierarchical properties, that is, the error can be reduced by increasing the number of the unknown variables. This formulation is extremely suitable for computer implementations and can deal with most typical engineering challenges. It overcomes the problem of classical formulae that require different formulas for tension, bending, shear and torsion; it can be applied to any beam geometries and loading conditions, reaching a high level of accuracy with low computational cost, and can tackle problems that in most cases are solved by employing plate/shell and 3D formulations. Key features: compares classical and modern approaches to beam theory, including classical well-known results related to Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories pays particular attention to typical applications related to bridge structures, aircraft wings, helicopters and propeller blades provides a number of numerical examples including typical Aerospace and Civil Engineering problems proposes many benchmark assessments to help the reader implement the CUF if they wish to do so accompanied by a companion website hosting dedicated software MUL2 that is used to obtain the numerical solutions in the book, allowing the reader to reproduce the examples given in the book as well as to solve other problems of their own www.mul2.com Researchers of continuum mechanics of solids and structures and structural analysts in industry will find this book extremely insightful. It will also be of great interest to graduate and postgraduate students of mechanical, civil and aerospace engineering.
Book Synopsis Urban Forests and Trees by : Cecil C. Konijnendijk
Download or read book Urban Forests and Trees written by Cecil C. Konijnendijk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-16 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multidisciplinary book covers all aspects of planning, designing, establishing and managing forests and trees and forests in and near urban areas, with chapters by experts in forestry, horticulture, landscape ecology, landscape architecture and even plant pathology. Beginning with historical and conceptual basics, the coverage includes policy, design, implementation and management of forestry for urban populations.
Download or read book Forest Inventory written by Annika Kangas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-19 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been developed as a forest inventory textbook for students and could also serve as a handbook for practical foresters. We have set out to keep the mathematics in the book at a fairly non-technical level, and therefore, although we deal with many issues that include highly sophisticated methodology, we try to present first and foremost the ideas behind them. For foresters who need more details, references are given to more advanced scientific papers and books in the fields of statistics and biometrics. Forest inventory books deal mostly with sampling and measurement issues, as found here in section I, but since forest inventories in many countries involve much more than this, we have also included material on forestry applications. Most applications nowadays involve remote sensing technology of some sort, so that section II deals mostly with the use of remote sensing material for this purpose. Section III deals with national inventories carried out in different parts of world, and section IV is an attempt to outline some future possibilities of forest inventory methodologies. The editors, Annika Kangas Professor of Forest Mensuration and Management, Department of Forest Resource Management, University of Helsinki. Matti Maltamo Professor of Forest Mensuration, Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Book Synopsis Urban Forestry by : Robert W. Miller
Download or read book Urban Forestry written by Robert W. Miller and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2015-04-06 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully updated and greatly enhanced, the Third Edition of Urban Forestry addresses current issues in planning, establishing, and managing trees, forests, and other elements of nature in urban and community ecosystems. The authors discuss why we have trees in cities and how we use them, clarify the appraisal and inventory of urban vegetation, and extensively delve into the planning and management of public as well as private vegetation. As urban forestry continues to evolve as a profession, foresters and arborists can expect many challenges as well as opportunities. The continuing development of cities has become linked to a much greater emphasis on urban vegetation, the growing demand for recreation amenities within the urban environment, and the careful and successful management of vegetation in an urban ecosystem. New ways to incorporate the highly versatile urban forest resource into the urban fabric will undoubtedly benefit the lives of its residents.
Book Synopsis Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems by : Jaques Blanc-Talon
Download or read book Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems written by Jaques Blanc-Talon and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-15 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems, ACIVS 2023, held in Kumamoto, Japan, during August 2023. The 31 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 48 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: Computer Vision, Affective Computing and Human Interactions, Managing the Biodiversity, Robotics and Drones, Machine Learning.
Book Synopsis Meta-Analysis for Public Management and Policy by : Evan Ringquist
Download or read book Meta-Analysis for Public Management and Policy written by Evan Ringquist and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-09 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meta-Analysis for Public Management and Policy is a groundbreaking book that introduces meta-analysis and includes proven techniques for research in public management and policy. The book provides statistical approaches to meta-analysis most useful for public policy and management and features five examples of original meta-analyses of important questions in public management and policy conducted by the author and his team. These original studies show step-by-step how to conduct a meta-analysis and contribute original research on ...
Book Synopsis Tropical Forest Census Plots by : Richard Condit
Download or read book Tropical Forest Census Plots written by Richard Condit and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-06-26 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By way of a summary of all the data collected by the mapping teams, I will review what is entered on each of the data sheets. The map sheet was already de scribed in some detail (Fig. 2.2.1A), and includes a circle or a point for the location of each tree and the tree's tag number (the last three or four digits) written next to it. The range of tag numbers used in the quadrat should be written at the top of the sheet. The main data sheet is where most other information about each individual is recorded (Fig. 2.2.1B). As for all sheets, the quadrat number, the first date a quadrat is censused, and the mappers' names are recorded at the top. For each plant, there are blanks for the following information: subquadrat number, tag number, species name, dbh, codes, and problems. Subquadrat number and tag number are straight forward. Size in millimeters is entered in the dbh column, except for multiple stemmed plants or big trees, which get a blank dbh on the main data sheet. Species identification will be handled by separate taxonomy teams (chapter 2.3), but map pers should enter a species name if they know it.
Book Synopsis A National Research Agenda for Urban Forestry in the 1990's by :
Download or read book A National Research Agenda for Urban Forestry in the 1990's written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
