Treatment of Antibiotics in Wastewater Using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)

Download Treatment of Antibiotics in Wastewater Using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Treatment of Antibiotics in Wastewater Using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) by : Ayse Kurt

Download or read book Treatment of Antibiotics in Wastewater Using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) written by Ayse Kurt and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antibiotics are nonbiodegradable, can survive at aquatic environments for long periods and they have a big potential bio-accumulation in the environment. They are extensively metabolized by humans, animals and plants. After metabolization, antibiotics or their metabolites are excreted into the aquatic environment. Removal of these compounds from the aquatic environment is feasible by different processes. But antibiotics are not treated in conventional wastewater treatment plants efficiently. During the last years studies with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for removal of these pharmaceuticals from waters has shown that they can be useful for removing them fully. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) can work as alternatives or complementary method in traditional wastewater treatment, and highly reactive free radicals, especially hydroxyl radicals (OH) generated via chemical (O3/H2O2, O3/OH-), photochemical (UV/O3, O3/H2O2) reactions, serve as the main oxidant. This study presents an overview of the literature on antibiotics and their removal from water by advanced oxidation processes. It includes almost all types of antibiotics which are consumed by human and veterinary processes. It was found that most of the investigated advanced oxidation treatment processes for the oxidation of antibiotics in water are direct and indirect photolysis with the combinations of H2O2, TiO2, ozone and Fenton?s reagent.

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Water and Wastewater Treatment

Download Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Water and Wastewater Treatment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1522557679
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (225 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Water and Wastewater Treatment by : Aziz, Hamidi Abdul

Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Aziz, Hamidi Abdul and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2018-08-03 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population growth and industrial development have increased the amount of wastewater generated by urban areas, and one of the major problems facing industrialized nations is the contamination of the environment by hazardous chemicals. Therefore, to meet the standards, suitable treatment alternatives should be established. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Water and Wastewater Treatment is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the current, green, and advanced technologies for wastewater treatment. While highlighting topics such as groundwater treatment, environmental legislation, and oxidation processes, this publication explores the contamination of environments by hazardous chemicals as well as the methods of decontamination and the reduction of negative effects on the environment. This book is a vital reference source for environmental engineers, waste authorities, solid waste management companies, landfill operators, legislators, environmentalists, and academicians seeking current research on achieving sustainable management for wastewater treatment.

Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment

Download Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128105259
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment by : Suresh C. Ameta

Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment written by Suresh C. Ameta and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-02-19 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Oxidation Processes for Waste Water Treatment: Emerging Green Chemical Technology is a complete resource covering the fundamentals and applications of all Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). This book presents the most up-to-date research on AOPs and makes the argument that AOPs offer an eco-friendly method of wastewater treatment. In addition to an overview of the fundamentals and applications, it details the reactive species involved, along with sections on reactor designs, thus helping readers understand and implement these methods. Presents in-depth coverage of all types of Advanced Oxidation Processes, including Super Critical Water Oxidation, Photo-Fenton and Like Processes Includes a fundamental review, applications, reactive species and reactor designs Reviews applications across waste types, including industrial waste, domestic and municipal sewage, and hospital wastes

Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment

Download Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1843390175
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (433 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment by : Simon Parsons

Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Simon Parsons and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The suitability of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for pollutant degradation was recognised in the early 1970s and much research and development work has been undertaken to commercialise some of these processes. AOPs have shown great potential in treating pollutants at both low and high concentrations and have found applications as diverse as ground water treatment, municipal wastewater sludge destruction and VOCs control. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment is an overview of the advanced oxidation processes currently used or proposed for the remediation of water, wastewater, odours and sludge. The book contains two opening chapters which present introductions to advanced oxidation processes and a background to UV photolysis, seven chapters focusing on individual advanced oxidation processes and, finally, three chapters concentrating on selected applications of advanced oxidation processes. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment will be invaluable to readers interested in water and wastewater treatment processes, including professionals and suppliers, as well as students and academics studying in this area. Dr Simon Parsons is a Senior Lecturer in Water Sciences at Cranfield University with ten years' experience of industrial and academic research and development.

Physico-Chemical Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery

Download Physico-Chemical Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 953513129X
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Physico-Chemical Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery by : Robina Farooq

Download or read book Physico-Chemical Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery written by Robina Farooq and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-05-03 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book on Physico-Chemical Treatment of Wastewater and Resource Recovery provides an efficient and low-cost solution for remediation of wastewater. This book focuses on physico-chemical treatment via advanced oxidation process, adsorption, its management and recovery of valuable chemicals. It discusses treatment and recovery process for the range of pollutants including BTX, PCB, PCDDs, proteins, phenols, antibiotics, complex organic compounds and metals. The occurrence of persistent pollutants poses deleterious effects on human and environmental health. Simple solutions for recovery of valuable chemicals and water during physico-chemical treatment of wastewater are discussed extensively. This book provides necessary knowledge and experimental studies on emerging physico-chemical processes for reducing water pollution and resource recovery.

Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment

Download Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1780407181
Total Pages : 712 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (84 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment by : Mihaela I. Stefan

Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment written by Mihaela I. Stefan and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) rely on the efficient generation of reactive radical species and are increasingly attractive options for water remediation from a wide variety of organic micropollutants of human health and/or environmental concern. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment covers the key advanced oxidation processes developed for chemical contaminant destruction in polluted water sources, some of which have been implemented successfully at water treatment plants around the world. The book is structured in two sections; the first part is dedicated to the most relevant AOPs, whereas the topics covered in the second section include the photochemistry of chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment, advanced water treatment for water reuse, implementation of advanced treatment processes for drinking water production at a state-of-the art water treatment plant in Europe, advanced treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and green technologies for water remediation. The advanced oxidation processes discussed in the book cover the following aspects: - Process principles including the most recent scientific findings and interpretation. - Classes of compounds suitable to AOP treatment and examples of reaction mechanisms. - Chemical and photochemical degradation kinetics and modelling. - Water quality impact on process performance and practical considerations on process parameter selection criteria. - Process limitations and byproduct formation and strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects on the treated water quality. - AOP equipment design and economics considerations. - Research studies and outcomes. - Case studies relevant to process implementation to water treatment. - Commercial applications. - Future research needs. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment presents the most recent scientific and technological achievements in process understanding and implementation, and addresses to anyone interested in water remediation, including water industry professionals, consulting engineers, regulators, academics, students. Editor: Mihaela I. Stefan - Trojan Technologies - Canada

Ozonation of Water and Waste Water

Download Ozonation of Water and Waste Water PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527628932
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ozonation of Water and Waste Water by : Christiane Gottschalk

Download or read book Ozonation of Water and Waste Water written by Christiane Gottschalk and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-12-09 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The leading resource on ozone technology, this book contains everything from chemical basics to technical and economic concerns. The text has been updated to include the latest developments in water treatment and industrial processes. Following an introduction, the first part looks at toxicology, reaction mechanisms and full-scale applications, while Part B covers experimental design, equipment and analytical methods, mass transfer, reaction kinetics and the application of ozone in combined processes.

Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins

Download Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111892861X
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins by : Anastasia E. Hiskia

Download or read book Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins written by Anastasia E. Hiskia and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-09-28 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive overview of key methods for treating water tainted by cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins Toxigenic cyanobacteria are one of the main health risks associated with water resources. Consequently, the analysis, control, and removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins from water supplies is a high priority research area. This book presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research on water treatment methods for the removal of cyanobacteria, taste and odor compounds, and cyanotoxins. Starting with an introduction to the subject, Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins offers chapters on cyanotoxins and human health, conventional physical-chemical treatment for the removal of cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins, removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins by membrane processes, biological treatment for the destruction of cyanotoxins, and conventional disinfection and/or oxidation processes. Other chapters look at advanced oxidation processes, removal/destruction of taste and odour compounds, transformation products of cyanobacterial metabolites during treatment and integrated drinking water processes. Provides a comprehensive overview of key methods for treating water tainted by cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins Bridges the gap between basic knowledge of cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins and practical management guidelines Includes integrated processes case studies and real-life examples Developed within the frame of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)–funded CYANOCOST A must-have resource for every water treatment plant, Water Treatment for Purification from Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins is a valuable resource for all researchers in water chemistry and engineering, environmental chemistry as well as water companies and authorities, water resource engineers and managers, environmental and public health protection organizations.

Electro-Fenton Process

Download Electro-Fenton Process PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811064067
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Electro-Fenton Process by : Minghua Zhou

Download or read book Electro-Fenton Process written by Minghua Zhou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-25 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume discusses the theoretical fundamentals and potential applications of the original electro-Fenton (EF) process and its most innovative and promising versions, all of which are classified as electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. It consists of 15 chapters that review the latest advances and trends, material selection, reaction and reactor modeling and EF scale-up. It particularly focuses on the applications of EF process in the treatment of toxic and persistent organic pollutants in water and soil, showing highly efficient removal for both lab-scale and pre-pilot setups. Indeed, the EF technology is now mature enough to be brought to market, and this collection of contributions from leading experts in the field constitutes a timely milestone for scientists and engineers.

Advanced Oxidation Processes

Download Advanced Oxidation Processes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789848903
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advanced Oxidation Processes by : Ciro Bustillo-Lecompte

Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes written by Ciro Bustillo-Lecompte and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Oxidation Processes – Applications, Trends, and Prospects constitutes a comprehensive resource for civil, chemical, and environmental engineers researching in the field of water and wastewater treatment. The book covers the fundamentals, applications, and future work in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) as an attractive alternative and a complementary treatment option to conventional methods. This book also presents state-of-the-art research on AOPs and heterogeneous catalysis while covering recent progress and trends, including the application of AOPs at the laboratory, pilot, or industrial scale, the combination of AOPs with other technologies, hybrid processes, process intensification, reactor design, scale-up, and optimization. The book is divided into four sections: Introduction to Advanced Oxidation Processes, General Concepts of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Fenton and Ferrate in Wastewater Treatment, and Industrial Applications, Trends, and Prospects.

Environmental Photochemistry Part II

Download Environmental Photochemistry Part II PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Environmental Photochemistry Part II by : Pierre Boule

Download or read book Environmental Photochemistry Part II written by Pierre Boule and published by . This book was released on 2005-11-18 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contribution by many experts.

Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Drinking Water Treatment

Download Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Drinking Water Treatment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319768824
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Drinking Water Treatment by : Antonio Gil

Download or read book Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Drinking Water Treatment written by Antonio Gil and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-03 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews the drinking water treatments in which AOPs display a high application potential. Firstly it reveals the typical supply sources and limitations of conventional technologies and critically reviews natural organic matter characterization and removal techniques, focusing mainly on AOP treatments. It then explores using AOPs for simultaneous inactivation/disinfection of several types of microorganisms, including highly resistant Cryptosporidium protozoa. Lastly, it discusses relevant miscellaneous topics, like the most promising AOP solid catalysts, the regime change of Fenton-like processes toward continuous reactors, the application of chemometrics for process optimization, the impact on disinfection byproducts and the tracing of toxicity during AOP treatments. This work is a useful reference for researchers and students involved in water technologies, including analytical and environmental chemistry, chemical and environmental engineering, toxicology, biotechnology, and related fields. It is intended to encourage industrial and public-health scientists and decision-makers to accelerate the application of AOPs as technological alternatives for the improvement of drinking water treatment plants.

Photocatalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment

Download Photocatalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119631394
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Photocatalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment by : Elvis Fosso-Kankeu

Download or read book Photocatalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment written by Elvis Fosso-Kankeu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photocatalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment comprehensively covers a range of topics aiming to promote the implementation of photocatalysis at large scale through provision of facile and green methods for catalysts synthesis and elucidation of pollutants degradation mechanisms. This book is divided into two main parts namely “Synthesis of effective photocatalysts” (Part I) and “Mechanisms of the photocatalytic degradation of various pollutants” (Part II). The first part focuses on the exploration of various strategies to synthesize sustainable and effective photocatalysts. The second part of the book provides an insights into the photocatalytic degradation mechanisms and pathways under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation, as well as the challenges faced by this technology and its future prospects.

Quantitative Methods for Food Safety and Quality in the Vegetable Industry

Download Quantitative Methods for Food Safety and Quality in the Vegetable Industry PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331968177X
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Quantitative Methods for Food Safety and Quality in the Vegetable Industry by : Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez

Download or read book Quantitative Methods for Food Safety and Quality in the Vegetable Industry written by Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the food safety challenges in the vegetable industry from primary production to consumption. It describes existing and innovative quantitative methods that could be applied to the vegetable industry for food safety and quality, and suggests ways in which such methods can be applied for risk assessment. Examples of application of food safety objectives and other risk metrics for microbial risk management in the vegetable industry are presented. The work also introduces readers to new preservation and packaging methods, advanced oxidative processes (AOPs) for disinfection, product shelf-life determination methods, and rapid analytic methods for quality assessment based on chemometrics applications, thus providing a quantitative basis for the most important aspects concerning safety and quality in the vegetable sector.

Understanding the Biological Activity of Products Undergoing Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP)

Download Understanding the Biological Activity of Products Undergoing Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781085665728
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (657 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Understanding the Biological Activity of Products Undergoing Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) by : Tin Hoang Do

Download or read book Understanding the Biological Activity of Products Undergoing Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) written by Tin Hoang Do and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The constant use of antibiotics in human medical applications, as well as large-scale veterinary and agricultural usage, has led to the presence of trace levels of these chemicals in municipal wastewaters. This presence is increasing human health risks due to the development of antimicrobial resistance in our environmental bacteria. As standard wastewater treatments are not sufficient to quantitatively remove antibiotic activity from waters, the use of advanced oxidation processes is now becoming highly attractive as a final, large-scale, polishing treatment before water release to the environment.

Ozone in Water Treatment

Download Ozone in Water Treatment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351426141
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ozone in Water Treatment by : Bruno Langlais

Download or read book Ozone in Water Treatment written by Bruno Langlais and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-16 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986, many water utilities are reexamining their water treatment practices. Upcoming new regulations on disinfection and on disinfection by-products, in particular, are the primary driving forces for the big interest in ozone. It appears that ozone, with its strong disinfection capabilities, and apparently lower levels of disinfection by-products (compared to other disinfectants), may be the oxidant/disinfectant of choice. Many utilities currently using chlorine for oxidation may need to switch due to chlorine by-product concerns. Utilities using chloramines may need to use ozone to meet CT requirements. This book, prepared by 35 international experts, includes current technology on the design, operation, and control of the ozone process within a drinking water plant. It combines almost 100 years of European ozone design and operating experience with North American design/operations experience and the North American regulatory and utility operational environment. Topics covered include ozone chemistry, toxicology, design consideration, engineering aspects, design of retrofit systems, and the operation and economics of ozone technology. The book contains a "how to" section on ozone treatability studies, which explains what information can be learned using treatability studies, at what scale (bench, pilot, or demonstration plant), and how this information can be used to design full-scale systems. It also includes valuable tips regarding important operating practices, as well as guidance on retrofits and the unique issues involved with retrofitting the ozone process. With ozone being one of the hottest areas of interest in drinking water, this book will prove essential to all water utilities, design engineers, regulators, and plant managers and supervisors.

Innovative and Integrated Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater

Download Innovative and Integrated Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1843393433
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (433 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Innovative and Integrated Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater by : Antonio Lopez

Download or read book Innovative and Integrated Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater written by Antonio Lopez and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovative and Integrated Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater deals with advanced technological solutions for the treatment of industrial wastewater such as aerobic granular biomass based systems, advanced oxidation processes integrated with biological treatments, membrane contactors and membrane chemical reactors. Wastewater from pharmaceutical, chemical and food industries as well as landfill leachates are specifically considered as representative of major problems encountered when treating industrial streams. The economic and environmental sustainability of the above solutions are also reported in the book and compared with the alternatives currently available in the market by life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) methodologies. The implementation of the considered solutions at large scale could support and enhance the competitiveness of different industrial sectors, including the water technology sector, in the global market. Innovative and Integrated Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater also makes a contribution towards defining: new concepts, processes and technologies in wastewater treatment with potential benefits for the stable quality of effluents, energy and operational costs saving, and the protection of the environment new sets of advanced standards for wastewater treatment new methodologies for the definition of wastewater treatment needs and framework conditions new information supporting development and implementation of water legislation.