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Travel Mode Substitution In Sao Paulo
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Book Synopsis Travel Mode Substitution in São Paulo by : Joffre Dan Swait
Download or read book Travel Mode Substitution in São Paulo written by Joffre Dan Swait and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Travel Mode Substitution in Sao Paulo by : Joffre Swait
Download or read book Travel Mode Substitution in Sao Paulo written by Joffre Swait and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Travel Mode Substitution in Sao Paulo by : Joffre Swait
Download or read book Travel Mode Substitution in Sao Paulo written by Joffre Swait and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study finds that households' choice of travel modes in Sao Paulo is not very sensitive to pricing. So, subsidies to less polluting modes can hardly be justified on the basis that they would attract traffic from more polluting modes. Several caveats apply.How would travel demand in Sao Paulo respond to demand management instruments? Could higher gasoline prices or lower metro fares (or changes in travel time) help reduce congestion or pollution? Swait and Eskeland use cross-sectional variation from an urban travel survey to study the substitutability in demand between travel modes. The method assumes that the set of trips is given (that is, origin-destination pairs do not change). Choice of mode was found to be quite insensitive to changes: All elasticities were lower than 0.5 in absolute value, and most were close to zero. While the sensitivity of mode choice to relative travel times (that is, speeds) was somewhat greater than that to costs, the general finding is that mode choice is quite inflexible. So, subsidies to less polluting (less congesting) travel modes would not help much in attracting travelers from more polluting (more congesting) modes. (The same holds for subsidized means of making them run faster.) But there are important limitations in the scope of the study. First, the study does not discuss optimal pricing. It merely examines the likely sign and magnitude of the links between pollution and policy parameters such as prices and travel speeds. Second, aggregate demand by mode could also depend on the city's shape and its travel intensity (the number, direction, and length of trips). For example, if a city stretches along a constructed metro line, the study would not capture such a phenomenon, since sensitive trip generation is excluded. These issues are not examined in the study.This paper - a product of the Public Economics Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to study the use of fiscal instruments in environmental protection. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Pollution and the Choice of Economic Policy Instruments in Developing Countries (RPO 676-48).
Book Synopsis Travel Mode Substitution in Saõ Paulo: Estimates and Implications for Air Pollution Control by : Gunnar Eskeland
Download or read book Travel Mode Substitution in Saõ Paulo: Estimates and Implications for Air Pollution Control written by Gunnar Eskeland and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: March 1995 The study finds that households' choice of travel modes in Saõ Paulo is not very sensitive to pricing. So, subsidies to less polluting modes can hardly be justified on the basis that they would attract traffic from more polluting modes. Several caveats apply. How would travel demand in Saõ Paulo respond to demand management instruments? Could higher gasoline prices or lower metro fares (or changes in travel time) help reduce congestion or pollution? Swait and Eskeland use cross-sectional variation from an urban travel survey to study the substitutability in demand between travel modes. The method assumes that the set of trips is given (that is, origin-destination pairs do not change). Choice of mode was found to be quite insensitive to changes: all elasticities were lower than 0.5 in absolute value, and most were close to zero. While the sensitivity of mode choice to relative travel times (that is, speeds) was somewhat greater than that to costs, the general finding is that mode choice is quite inflexible. So, subsidies to less polluting (less congesting) travel modes would not help much in attracting travelers from more polluting (more congesting) modes. (The same holds for subsidized means of making them run faster.) But there are important limitations in the scope of the study. First, the study does not discuss optimal pricing. It merely examines the likely sign and magnitude of the links between pollution and policy parameters such as prices and travel speeds. Second, aggregate demand by mode could also depend on the city's shape and its travel intensity (the number, direction, and length of trips). For example, if a city stretches along a constructed metro line, the study would not capture such a phenomenon, since sensitive trip generation is excluded. These issues are not examined in the study. This paper -- a product of the Public Economics Division, Policy Research Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to study the use of fiscal instruments in environmental protection. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Pollution and the Choice of Economic Policy Instruments in Developing Countries (RPO 676-48).
Book Synopsis Travel Mode Substitution in São Paul by : Joffre Dan Swait
Download or read book Travel Mode Substitution in São Paul written by Joffre Dan Swait and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Discourse Analysis in Transport and Urban Development by : Robin Hickman
Download or read book Discourse Analysis in Transport and Urban Development written by Robin Hickman and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-01-20 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on discourse analysis as an emerging field in transport and urban development, this innovative book takes a novel approach to examining the different interpretations, diversity of views and controversy in society.
Book Synopsis Urban Transport Environment and Equity by : Eduardo Alcantara Vasconcellos
Download or read book Urban Transport Environment and Equity written by Eduardo Alcantara Vasconcellos and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-05-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional transport planning has generated transport systems that propagate an unfair distribution of accessibility and have environmental and safety issues. This book highlights the importance of social and political aspects of transport policy and provides a methodology to support this approach. It emphasizes the importance of co-ordinating urban, transport and traffic planning, and addresses the major challenge of modifying the building and use of roads. The author makes suggestions for innovative and radical new measures towards an equitable and sustainable urban environment.
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Book Synopsis Worker Displacement During the Transition by : Peter F. Orazem
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Book Synopsis Pension Funds in Central Europe and Russia by : Dimitri Vittas
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