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Author : Yung S. Lie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Translational Regulation of Oskar Mrna During Drosophila Oogenesis written by Yung S. Lie and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Stefania Castagnetti
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (762 download)
Download or read book Translational control of oskar mRNA during oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster written by Stefania Castagnetti and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Youme Gim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Bruno Contributes to Osk MRNA Localization During Drosophila Oogenesis written by Youme Gim and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oskar is a body pattern and germ cell determining protein in Drosophila melanogaster. This protein must be properly expressed to ensure correct formation of the posterior pole of the animal. Bruno is a RNA binding protein known to regulate osk mRNA translation during Drosophila oogenesis. In vitro work has implicated Bru in oligomerizing osk mRNA into silencing particles and thereby preventing osk mRNA from accessing translational machinery and inhibiting translation. In attempts to further investigate Bru mediated translational regulation, reporter transcripts with Bruno binding regions from the osk mRNA were analyzed for translation and localization of the transcript. Localization of these reporter transcripts has shown the first in vivo evidence for the Bru mediated silencing particle assembly model. In this thesis, I report on the distribution of reporter transcripts in the Drosophila egg chamber.
Author : Young Hee Ryu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (986 download)
Download or read book The Role of Bicoid Stability Factor in Oskar MRNA Function and Regulation, and the Mechanisms for Oskar MRNA Transport to the Oocyte written by Young Hee Ryu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation is separated into two subjects. First, I examined the role of Bicoid Stability Factor (BSF) in oskar (osk) regulation. Second, I studied cis-acting elements involved in osk mRNA transport to the oocyte during early oogenesis. Oskar (Osk) is a body patterning determinant in Drosophila and is highly concentrated at the posterior pole of the oocyte. This spatially-restricted deployment relies on a coordinated program of osk mRNA localization and translational regulation, all dependent on cis-acting regulatory elements located primarily in the 3’ UTR of the mRNA. Notably, some of these elements, as well as sequences required for a noncoding role of osk mRNA, are clustered in a short region (the C region) near the 3’ end of the osk mRNA. To better understand the role of the C region, I searched for proteins that bind specifically to this region and I found BSF. Binding assays to mutant RNAs suggested that BSF does not act in the noncoding function of osk mRNA. To test for a role for BSF in regulation of Osk protein expression, I used two complementary approaches, reducing the BSF level or disrupting BSF binding to the osk mRNA. Both generated similar results: a reduction or loss of posterior Osk protein and osk mRNA in late oogenesis and early embryogenesis, while the level of osk mRNA was not affected. My work suggests that BSF could act in a late phase of osk mRNA localization or translational activation. Localization of osk mRNA to the posterior pole of the oocyte is achieved by multiple transport steps. One is mRNA transport from the nurse cells to the oocyte. Although cis-acting elements including the oocyte entry signal (OES) in the osk mRNA 3’ UTR have been implicated in mRNA oocyte transport, the precise mechanisms remain unknown. Here, I show that the clusters of Bru binding sites in the osk mRNA 3’ UTR required for translational regulation confer oocyte transport on a reporter mRNA. However, neither Bru sites nor the OES are essential for oocyte transport of osk mRNA. This suggests that there are multiple mechanisms redundantly acting in oocyte transport.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 81 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (528 download)
Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Coordination of Oskar MRNA Localization and Translation During Drosophila Oogenesis written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (234 download)
Download or read book 丢姑爺 written by and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John Curtis Reich
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (838 download)
Download or read book Determination of how MiRNAs Mediate Repression in Drosophila and the Essential Role of the Oskar MRNA in Egg Chamber Development written by John Curtis Reich and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MiRNAs are important regulators of gene expression. These small RNAs function throughout development and regulate translation of a number mRNAs. miRNAs exert their affect on translation as part of the RNP complex RISC. RISC can affect translation of transcripts at both the level of translation initiation, and post-initiation. Although mechanisms of repression mediated by miRNAs have been intensively studied, repression is not well characterized. In order to understand how miRNAs regulate translation in Drosophila, we first characterized miRNA-mediated repression in the ovary. We developed an ovarian assay sensitive to regulation by miRNAs and found that regulated transcripts localize to cytoplasmic puncta distinct from sponge bodies, cytoplasmic RNP structures consisting of proteins implicated in miRNA-mediated regulation. In addition, we devised a genetic screen to identify genes involved in miRNA-mediated regulation. Seven mutants were isolated from the screen, and two mutants were subsequently mapped to separate 1Mb genomic regions. Both these regions are devoid of genes implicated in miRNA-mediated regulation, suggesting our mutants identify novel components involved in repression. The oskar mRNA encodes for the Oskar protein, which is vital in establishing the posterior axis of the Drosophila embryo. In addition to its protein coding function, the osk mRNA has another essential role: it is required for egg chamber progression through oogenesis. This role of oskar is mediated by its 3ʼ UTR, but how it functions in this role is unknown. Here, we investigate the function of the 3ʼ UTR and discover that the well-defined BRE sequences are required for egg chamber progression through oogenesis. The BREs mediate translational repression of the highly regulated oskar mRNA and were previously defined by their ability to bind Bruno, which represses translation of the oskar mRNA. We also provide evidence that the osk BREs sequester Bruno, potentially inhibiting Bruno from binding and misregulating other mRNAs. Our results suggest a novel regulatory loop, where oskar sequesters and inhibits Bruno from misregulating mRNAs, and Bruno, in turn, regulates translation of the oskar mRNA.
Author : Branislava Ranković
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)
Download or read book The Role of Oskar MRNA in P-body Formation During Drosophila Oogenesis written by Branislava Ranković and published by . This book was released on 2019* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : James E. Wilhelm
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (82 download)
Download or read book Biochemical Analysis of MRNA Localization in Drosophila Melanogaster and Xenopus Laevis written by James E. Wilhelm and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alexander Davidson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Elucidating the Mechanism of MRNA Translation During Drosophila Oogenesis written by Alexander Davidson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Yingshi Peng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (64 download)
Download or read book Probing Translational Control During Drosophila Oogenesi written by Yingshi Peng and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Translational control provides a key mechanism for the spatial and temporal regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. It plays a particularly important role in early embryonic development in organisms that rely heavily on maternally supplied mRNAs. The Drosophila developing oocyte serves as a valuable model for studying translational control. The Drosophila posterior determinant, nanos (nos), is translationally repressed throughout the oocyte cytoplasm except at the posterior pole. A multi-functional RNA-binding protein Glorund (Glo), the homolog of the mammalian hnRNP F/H family of proteins, represses translation of nos during oogenesis by targeting both translation initiation and translation elongation. To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which Glo regulates nos, I identified dFMRP as a Glo-interacting protein. By biochemically dissecting repression of nos translation in vitro, I demonstrated that dFMRP specifically inhibits translation elongation. Furthermore, I combined mutational analysis and in vivo and in vitro binding assays to show that Glo's qRRM2 domain specifically and directly interacts with dFMRP, suggesting that Glo's RNA-binding domains can also function as protein-protein interaction interfaces critical for its regulatory functions. Additionally, I applied ribosome footprint profiling to the Drosophila ovary at different developmental stages to identify maternal transcripts regulated during the translation elongation phase. A footprint peak-finding tool has been developed to detect transcriptome-wide ribosome stalling sites. My preliminary results suggest that developmentally regulated ribosome stalling sites may be widely present on Drosophila maternal transcripts. An A-/P-site mapping algorithm is currently under development to facilitate mechanistic analysis of ribosome stalling during oogenesis.
Author : Bradley Steven Reveal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (73 download)
Download or read book Bruno Regulates MRNA Translation by Binding to Multiple Sequence Motifs written by Bradley Steven Reveal and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oskar (Osk) is a posterior body patterning determinant in Drosophila melanogaster oocytes. oskar (osk) mRNA is translationally repressed until it reaches the posterior of the oocyte where Osk protein accumulates. Translational repression of osk prior to posterior localization is mediated by the RNA binding protein, Bruno (Bru). To better define Bru binding sites, I performed in vitro selections using full length Bru and the fragments containing either the first two RRMs (RRM1+2) or the third RRM (RRM3+). The aptamers from the final round from each of the selections produced a multitude of overrepresented primary sequence motifs. Examples of each of these motifs were found in the 3'UTRs of the mRNAs that Bru is known to regulate during oogenesis. GFP reporter transgenes under the control of the UAS-Gal4 expression system were constructed with each class of the binding sites within the reporter transgenes' 3'UTRs to test the motifs' ability to repress the reporters in vivo. In a wildtype background, the GFP reporters containing the binding sites were translationally repressed. In the aret mutant background, the GFP levels of the repressed GFP reporters increased with reduced Bru activity, suggesting the transgenes' repression is mediated by Bru. Three of the motifs isolated in the in vitro selections reside in the AB and C regions of the osk 3'UTR, and the three classes of sites were mutated in the AB and C regions. The mutated AB and C regions were used to assay for a reduction of Bru binding affinity for the mutant RNAs. Additionally, the mutations were incorporated into an osk genomic transgene that was introduced into an osk RNA null as well as an Osk protein null background. The mutations reduced Bru binding to the AB and C regions. The transgenes containing the mutated Bru binding sites could not fully rescue the osk RNA null phenotype but can fully rescue the Osk protein null phenotype, suggesting an osk transcript can regulate other osk mRNAs in trans.
Author : Vitaly Leonidovich Zimyanin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Analysis of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Oskar MRNA Localisation and Axis Formation During Drosophila Oogenesis written by Vitaly Leonidovich Zimyanin and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Marie-Helene Verlhac
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780470687987
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (879 download)
Download or read book Oogenesis written by Marie-Helene Verlhac and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-04 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oogenesis - the process by which female germ cells develop into mature eggs, or ova - is a complex process involving many important elements of developmental and cellular biology: from cell-cell interactions, complex signalling cascades, specialized cell cycles and cytoskeleton organization. Oocytes from various species (including clam, starfish, xenopus and mouse) are excellent model systems to study the biochemistry of cell division with important implications for basic and clinical research. This book describes the entire process of oogenesis in chronological order with contributions from leading international researchers and chapters covering medical and ethical considerations in oogenic biology. Topics include sex determination and gonadal development, control of meiotic chromosome pairing and homologous recombination, control of meiotic divisions and the remodelling of the oocyte into a totipotent zygote as well as medically-assisted reproduction. This volume is an essential resource for all students, researchers and clinicians in developmental and reproductive biology. Key features: Reaches beyond the study of simply meiosis to cover all aspects of oogenesis Synthesizes recent advances in the field, drawing on studies from different model species Chapter sequence designed to follow the time line in vivo Written by an international panel of expert researchers
Author : Ronald Gstir
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (796 download)
Download or read book A Non-coding Function of Oskar MRNA in Oogenesis of Drosophila Melanogaster written by Ronald Gstir and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nahum Sonenberg
Publisher : CSHL Press
ISBN 13 : 9780879696184
Total Pages : 1034 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (961 download)
Download or read book Translational Control of Gene Expression written by Nahum Sonenberg and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1996 publication of Translational Control, there has been fresh interest in protein synthesis and recognition of the key role of translation control mechanisms in regulating gene expression. This new monograph updates and expands the scope of the earlier book but it also takes a fresh look at the field. In a new format, the first eight chapters provide broad overviews, while each of the additional twenty-eight has a focus on a research topic of more specific interest. The result is a thoroughly up-to-date account of initiation, elongation, and termination of translation, control mechanisms in development in response to extracellular stimuli, and the effects on the translation machinery of virus infection and disease. This book is essential reading for students entering the field and an invaluable resource for investigators of gene expression and its control.
Author : Joel D. Richter
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780195115949
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (159 download)
Download or read book A Comparative Methods Approach to the Study of Oocytes and Embryos written by Joel D. Richter and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1999-01 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past twenty years, biologists have made remarkable progress in understanding each step as a single fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, and the research draws on a tremendous array of experimental techniques. A Comparative Methods Approach to the Study of Oocytes and Embryos takes a unique approach to the field, providing a hands-on guide to three of the most important experimental subjects--frogs, fruitflies, and mice. By collecting reliable techniques in a single volume, the book is both an invaluable resource for new researchers and an ideal platform for comparing these seemingly disparate biological systems. The volume contains work from many leaders in the field and spans research in genetics, molecular and cellular biology, and morphology. It includes methods for oocyte and embryo culture, microinjection, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, time-lapse microscopy, intracellular ion measurements, and embryonic dissections.
