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Transforming Juvenile Justice
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Book Synopsis Transforming Juvenile Justice by : Steven L. Schlossman
Download or read book Transforming Juvenile Justice written by Steven L. Schlossman and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As juvenile justice dominates the headlines, the time has come to reexamine the history of this controversial institution. In Transforming Juvenile Justice, Steven L. Schlossman traces the evolution of the idea that young lawbreakers, or potential lawbreakers, merit special treatment. He closely examines the Milwaukee Juvenile Court and the Wisconsin State Reform School to reveal how Progressive theory--the belief that rehabilitation and careful oversight should replace punishment of delinquent youth--played out in practice. Since its original publication in 1977, Schlossman's history of the juvenile justice system contributed to the debate on the delinquency problem and remains a landmark study today. In an engaging new introduction for this fresh edition of his classic, Schlossman reveals his sources of inspiration and relates his discovery of the rare records that offered an exclusive glimpse into the Milwaukee court's day-to-day operations. His account of the changing definitions of delinquency and reformers' attempts to remedy it offers insights on dilemmas that continue to plague American society.
Book Synopsis Reforming Juvenile Justice by : National Research Council
Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.
Book Synopsis Charting a New Course by : New York (State). Task Force on Transforming Juvenile Justice
Download or read book Charting a New Course written by New York (State). Task Force on Transforming Juvenile Justice and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bad Kids written by Barry C. Feld and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1999-03-18 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a leading scholar of juvenile justice, this book examines the social and legal changes that have transformed the juvenile court in the last three decades from a nominally rehabilitative welfare agency into a scaled-down criminal court for young offenders. It explores the complex relationship between race and youth crime to explain both the Supreme Court decisions to provide delinquents with procedural justice and the more recent political impetus to "get tough" on young offenders. This provocative book will be necessary reading for criminal and juvenile justice scholars, sociologists, legislators, and juvenile justice personnel.
Book Synopsis Charting a New Course by : New York (State). Task Force on Transforming Juvenile Justice
Download or read book Charting a New Course written by New York (State). Task Force on Transforming Juvenile Justice and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A New Juvenile Justice System by : Nancy E. Dowd
Download or read book A New Juvenile Justice System written by Nancy E. Dowd and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New Juvenile Justice System aims at nothing less than a complete reform of the existing system: not minor change or even significant overhaul, but the replacement of the existing system with a different vision. The authors in this volume—academics, activists, researchers, and those who serve in the existing system—all respond in this collection to the question of what the system should be. Uniformly, they agree that an ideal system should be centered around the principle of child well-being and the goal of helping kids to achieve productive lives as citizens and members of their communities. Rather than the existing system, with its punitive, destructive, undermining effect and uneven application by race and gender, these authors envision a system responsive to the needs of youth as well as to the community’s legitimate need for public safety. How, they ask, can the ideals of equality, freedom, liberty, and self-determination transform the system? How can we improve the odds that children who have been labeled as “delinquent” can make successful transitions to adulthood? And how can we create a system that relies on proven, family-focused interventions and creates opportunities for positive youth development? Drawing upon interdisciplinary work as well as on-the-ground programs and experience, the authors sketch out the broad parameters of such a system. Providing the principles, goals, and concrete means to achieve them, this volume imagines using our resources wisely and well to invest in all children and their potential to contribute and thrive in our society.
Book Synopsis Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-05 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.
Book Synopsis The Evolution of the Juvenile Court by : Barry C. Feld
Download or read book The Evolution of the Juvenile Court written by Barry C. Feld and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2019-06-01 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner, 2020 ACJS Outstanding Book Award, given by the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences A major statement on the juvenile justice system by one of America’s leading experts The juvenile court lies at the intersection of youth policy and crime policy. Its institutional practices reflect our changing ideas about children and crime control. The Evolution of the Juvenile Court provides a sweeping overview of the American juvenile justice system’s development and change over the past century. Noted law professor and criminologist Barry C. Feld places special emphasis on changes over the last 25 years—the ascendance of get tough crime policies and the more recent Supreme Court recognition that “children are different.” Feld’s comprehensive historical analyses trace juvenile courts’ evolution though four periods—the original Progressive Era, the Due Process Revolution in the 1960s, the Get Tough Era of the 1980s and 1990s, and today’s Kids Are Different era. In each period, changes in the economy, cities, families, race and ethnicity, and politics have shaped juvenile courts’ policies and practices. Changes in juvenile courts’ ends and means—substance and procedure—reflect shifting notions of children’s culpability and competence. The Evolution of the Juvenile Court examines how conservative politicians used coded racial appeals to advocate get tough policies that equated children with adults and more recent Supreme Court decisions that draw on developmental psychology and neuroscience research to bolster its conclusions about youths’ reduced criminal responsibility and diminished competence. Feld draws on lessons from the past to envision a new, developmentally appropriate justice system for children. Ultimately, providing justice for children requires structural changes to reduce social and economic inequality—concentrated poverty in segregated urban areas—that disproportionately expose children of color to juvenile courts’ punitive policies. Historical, prescriptive, and analytical, The Evolution of the Juvenile Court evaluates the author’s past recommendations to abolish juvenile courts in light of this new evidence, and concludes that separate, but reformed, juvenile courts are necessary to protect children who commit crimes and facilitate their successful transition to adulthood.
Book Synopsis New Possibilities for Juvenile Justice by : Willie James Webb
Download or read book New Possibilities for Juvenile Justice written by Willie James Webb and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2013-10-21 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has three enlightening sections regarding juvenile recidivism, administrative services and treatment methodologies. The first section is based on research, studies and analyses of the social characteristics of 40 randomly selected juvenile recidivists referred to the juvenile court over a ten year period. This study explores and analyzes the respective families, neighborhoods, schools, grade levels, religious affiliation, socio-economic status, mental health and the types and numbers of legal offenses that were committed by the repeat offenders. This study establishes a pattern and identifying social factors relating to causal factors contributing to their repetitious offensive acts and violations of the law. There are clearly predictive factors for juvenile repeat offenders that can be used to predict, control, prevent, control and reduce significantly, juvenile offenses and recidivism. The second section of this book explores essentials for effective administration for juvenile courts and other social service agencies in the community. All agencies, and especially human service agencies must be administratively and operationally healthy. They must not contribute to the demoralization of the staff who already face low morale challenges in treating and serving clients who are associated with substantial depressive pathologies. Specific personnel standards, policies and procedures are vital to optimize the effectiveness of the service providing staff. There are certain training essentials and requirements that center around competence, morality, professionalism and ethical standards that must be enforced in order to maintain an efficient, functional, healthy and safe work environment. If the service providing staff are not trained and treated well, it is doubtful that they can serve and treat their clients well. Treatment providers must be protected from administrative persecution and incompetence, especially when they have the responsibility to protect and restore their clients to health and stability. Intimidating, threatening and unsafe work environments retards and inhabits productivity. The third section of New Possibilities for Juvenile Justice enumerates a comprehensive list of factors associated with youth problems, failures in school, delinquent acts and law violations. The list is based on seasoned, experienced and knowledgeable probation officers with decades of training and experience. Also, the third section of this book provides an exploration and understanding of the ongoing cultural crisis and the serious adverse impact this crisis is having on America, its people and institutions. The social problems, reinforced by new ideologies and technology appear to be increasing more rapidly than answers and solutions to solve them. Transforming American youth into positive, law abiding, healthy and productive citizens is possible if the responsible, patriotic and enlightened leader- ship will utilize the artistic, scientific, ethical and transforming knowledge that is available. The information contained in this volume can be a significant beginning in that process of directions for youth transformation.l
Download or read book Justice for Kids written by Nancy E. Dowd and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children and youth become involved with the juvenile justice system at a significant rate. While some children move just as quickly out of the system and go on to live productive lives as adults, other children become enmeshed in the system, developing deeper problems and or transferring into the adult criminal justice system. Justice for Kids is a volume of work by leading academics and activists that focuses on ways to intervene at the earliest possible point to rehabilitate and redirect—to keep kids out of the system—rather than to punish and drive kids deeper. Justice for Kids presents a compelling argument for rethinking and restructuring the juvenile justice system as we know it. This unique collection explores the system’s fault lines with respect to all children, and focuses in particular on issues of race, gender, and sexual orientation that skew the system. Most importantly, it provides specific program initiatives that offer alternatives to our thinking about prevention and deterrence, with an ultimate focus on keeping kids out of the system altogether.
Book Synopsis Reinvesting in Youth by : Nancy R. Ashley
Download or read book Reinvesting in Youth written by Nancy R. Ashley and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Role of the Juvenile Court by : Francis X. Hartmann
Download or read book The Role of the Juvenile Court written by Francis X. Hartmann and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Desktop Guide to Good Juvenile Probation Practice by :
Download or read book Desktop Guide to Good Juvenile Probation Practice written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Who Gets a Childhood? by : William S. Bush
Download or read book Who Gets a Childhood? written by William S. Bush and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using Texas as a case study for understanding change in the American juvenile justice system over the past century, the author tells the story of three cycles of scandal, reform, and retrenchment, each of which played out in ways that tended to extend the privileges of a protected childhood to white middle- and upper-class youth, while denying those protections to blacks, Latinos, and poor whites. On the forefront of both progressive and "get tough" reform campaigns, Texas has led national policy shifts in the treatment of delinquent youth to a surprising degree. Changes in the legal system have included the development of courts devoted exclusively to young offenders, the expanded legal application of psychological expertise, and the rise of the children's rights movement. At the same time, broader cultural ideas about adolescence have also changed. Yet the author demonstrates that as the notion of the teenager gained currency after World War II, white, middle-class teen criminals were increasingly depicted as suffering from curable emotional disorders even as the rate of incarceration rose sharply for black, Latino, and poor teens. He argues that despite the struggles of reformers, child advocates, parents, and youths themselves to make juvenile justice live up to its ideal of offering young people a second chance, the story of twentieth-century juvenile justice in large part boils down to the exclusion of poor and nonwhite youth from modern categories of childhood and adolescence.
Book Synopsis Young People and Youth Justice by : Kevin Haines
Download or read book Young People and Youth Justice written by Kevin Haines and published by Red Globe Press. This book was released on 1998-08-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a clear and comprehensive guide to youth justice practice based on a solid grounding of academic research and in-depth understanding of how the youth justice system operates. Lessons from the past, current challenges and new directions are all explored. The book provides a judicious balance between an analysis of past policy and practical strategies for present day issues such as parental responsibility, risk and restorative justice.
Book Synopsis Reaffirming Juvenile Justice by : Alida V. Merlo
Download or read book Reaffirming Juvenile Justice written by Alida V. Merlo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-05-25 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will expand students’ knowledge and understanding of the evolution of juvenile justice in the last 50 years. Designed to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the landmark case In re Gault, which the U.S. Supreme Court decided in 1967, the authors provide a brief history of juvenile justice, then frame the developments and transformations that have occurred in the intervening years. Topics covered include an overview of the dramatic changes to the field following the spike in youth violence in the 1990s, the "superpredator" myth, zero-tolerance policies, and sanctions for juvenile offenders—particularly the 2005 abolition of the death penalty and subsequent decision on life without parole. The book also covers child and youth victimization and trauma, and recent prevention and treatment initiatives. Designed for upper-level undergraduates, this text reflects on the evolving U.S. juvenile justice system while anticipating future challenges and trends. Reaffirming Juvenile Justice illustrates how ideology, media, and politics shape policy and how it can evolve.
Book Synopsis Recalibrating Juvenile Detention by : David W. Roush
Download or read book Recalibrating Juvenile Detention written by David W. Roush and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-02-22 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recalibrating Juvenile Detention chronicles the lessons learned from the 2007 to 2015 landmark US District Court-ordered reform of the Cook County Juvenile Temporary Detention Center (JTDC) in Illinois, following years of litigation by the ACLU about egregious and unconstitutional conditions of confinement. In addition to explaining the implications of the Court’s actions, the book includes an analysis of a major evaluation research report by the University of Chicago Crime Lab and explains for scholars, practitioners, administrators, policymakers, and advocates how and why this particular reform of conditions achieved successful outcomes when others failed. Maintaining that the Chicago Crime Lab findings are the "gold standard" evidence-based research (EBR) in pretrial detention, Roush holds that the observed "firsts" for juvenile detention may perhaps have the power to transform all custody practices. He shows that the findings validate a new model of institutional reform based on cognitive-behavioral programming (CBT), reveal statistically significant reductions in in-custody violence and recidivism, and demonstrate that at least one variation of short-term secure custody can influence positively certain life outcomes for Chicago’s highest-risk and most disadvantaged youth. With the Quarterly Journal of Economics imprimatur and endorsement by the President’s Council of Economic Advisors, the book is a reverse engineering of these once-in-a-lifetime events (recidivism reduction and EBR in pretrial detention) that explains the important and transformative implications for the future of juvenile justice practice. The book is essential reading for graduate students in juvenile justice, criminology, and corrections, as well as practitioners, judges, and policymakers.
