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Transcriptional And Post Transcriptional Regulation Of Oocyte And Embryo Messenger Rna In Mouse Models Of Diet Induced Obesity
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Book Synopsis Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of Oocyte and Embryo Messenger RNA in Mouse Models of Diet-induced Obesity by : Fang Xie
Download or read book Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of Oocyte and Embryo Messenger RNA in Mouse Models of Diet-induced Obesity written by Fang Xie and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maternal obesity increases the risk of early embryonic loss and imposes long-term effects on the metabolic and neurologic phenotype of viable offspring. Previous studies have shown an association between female obesity and increases in abundance of candidate oocyte mRNAs; however, the mechanisms associated with this increase and the contribution of increased mRNAs on successful embryo development is unclear. Three studies were conducted to determine how female obesity, which promotes a low grade inflammatory and oxidative stress environment in the ovary, alters transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of candidate mRNAs in oocytes and determine if these increases are functionally important in the pre-implantation embryo. In study 1 we showed that diet induced obesity caused increased pro-inflammatory signaling in the ovary including in growing oocytes. This pro-inflammatory signaling resulted in increased association of STAT3 with the Pouf51 promoter suggesting that this interaction increased the transcription of Pou5f1. In addition, we made the novel discovery that changes in cecum microbial content was positively correlated to increased ovarian expression of Tnfa, Pou5f1, Dppa3, and Bnc1. In Study 2, we modified the single molecule RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (FiSH) technique for use with oocytes and pre-implantation embryos. This FiSH method allowed us to accurately and reproducibly monitor changes in candidate mRNA localization and absolute quantity in growing and mature oocytes as well as pre-implantation embryos. In Study 3, we used the FiSH technique to investigate the impact of oxidative stress on post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA translation and degradation during oocyte maturation and embryonic development. These experiments demonstrated that oxidative stress impaired degradation of Pou5f1 and Dppa3 in maturing oocytes resulting in increased translation of POU5F1 and DPPA3 in 1-cell and 2-cell embryos, respectively. In summary these collective studies identified both transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes in oocyte mRNA abundance which may be attributed to alterations in the gut microbiome, ovarian inflammation and oxidative stress. These findings suggest that obesity-dependent alterations during oocyte maturation may have the potential to contribute to early adaptive programming in the embryo and that may result in lasting effects on fetal development and/or postnatal phenotype expression.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of MRNA Post-transcriptional Regulation in Mammalian Oocytes by : Omar Karl Vieux
Download or read book Mechanisms of MRNA Post-transcriptional Regulation in Mammalian Oocytes written by Omar Karl Vieux and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Precise regulation of gene expression is indispensable for proper cell function. This challenge is particularly complex in oocytes where transcription is active during growth but is undetectable in fully grown oocytes and during meiotic maturation. Transcripts required to drive oocyte maturation and early post-fertilization embryogenesis are therefore synthesized in growing oocytes and kept translationally silent until the appropriate time. RNA processing mechanisms play central roles in regulating translation and are indispensable for timely and successful oogenesis. In Manuscript I, an RNA processing mechanism is described in the oocyte. Maternal transcripts are categorized according to their poly(A) tail length at different stages of oocyte development. Type I and Type II transcripts are deadenylated and polyadenylated, respectively, during maturation. Type III transcripts are polyadenylated in the first half of maturation and deadenylated in the second half of maturation. CNOT6, a key component of the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex, requires Pumilio and FBF binding elements (PBE) to deadenylate type III transcripts. Surprisingly however, the modulation of the poly(A) tail does not affect RNA translation and turnover in the oocyte. In Manuscript II, a novel type of RNP is described in cold-shocked oocytes. Inducible 18033 granules are identified as a novel type of stress granules whose formation is controlled by oocyte cell cycle regulators. More specifically, CDK1 activity prevents the formation of the granules at the later stages of maturation. A functional reporter gene assay also reveals a protective role for 18033 granules, preventing the non-reversible inhibition of translation in cold-shocked oocytes. The results described in this thesis highlight different facets of RNA metabolism in the oocyte and explore their role during maturation in producing eggs." --
Book Synopsis Parental Obesity: Intergenerational Programming and Consequences by : Lucy R. Green
Download or read book Parental Obesity: Intergenerational Programming and Consequences written by Lucy R. Green and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-01 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, leading figures in the field of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease provide up-to-date information from human clinical trials, cohorts, and animal physiology experiments to reveal the interdependence between parental obesity and health of the offspring. Obesity of the mother and father produces obesity in their offspring, so we are caught up in an intergenerational cycle, which means that even our children’s future health is in peril. This book gives a timely and much-needed synthesis of the mechanisms, potential targets of future interventions, and the challenges that need to be overcome in order to break the intergenerational cycle of obesity. This has profound implications for the way in which scientific, clinical and health policy activities are to be directed in order to combat the so-called epidemic of obesity, as well as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease. The book will be of interest to students, clinicians, researchers and health policy makers who are either seeking an introduction to the area of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease or have a specific interest in the pathogenesis of obesity.
Book Synopsis Genetic Damage in Human Spermatozoa by : Elisabetta Baldi
Download or read book Genetic Damage in Human Spermatozoa written by Elisabetta Baldi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-16 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are several types of damage that can be found in the male gamete. Genetic damage in spermatozoa can originate during spermatogenesis, or it can originate during transit in both male and female genital tracts. Damage can also be due to ageing, environmental or iatrogenic conditions, as well as to the protocols to cryopreserve and to select spermatozoa in assisted reproduction techniques. The purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive resource for all possible DNA damages in sperm, the relation to fertility and infertility, and possible transgenerational heritable effects.
Book Synopsis Oocyte Growth and Maturation by : T.A. Dettlaff
Download or read book Oocyte Growth and Maturation written by T.A. Dettlaff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of oogenesis occupy an important place in current in vestigations in developmental biology. Today no one has any doubt whatsoever that oogenesis is not just the prelude to development, but is development itself, and a very essential part of it. These words of an eminent Soviet scientist, B. L. As taurov , taken by T. B. Aizenshtadt as an epigraph to her chapter in this book, make a good epigraph for the entire book. It is now clear that during oogenesis not only vast reserves of ribosomes and mitochondria, of yolk, carbohydrates, and lipids, and of enzymes for protein and nucleic acid synthesis and for carbohydrate and fat metabolism (which ensures the energy supply and metabolism of the oocyte and the developing embryo) are formed, but also long-lived mRNA and proteins are synthesized, which determine both the completion of oocyte maturation and the initial stages of embryonic development. In the last 15-20 years, the use of molecular biology methods, electron microscopy, autoradiography, and microsurgical methods of experimental embryology in studying the pre-embryonic development of animals has greatly increased our knowledge of oogenesis. This has led to the need to systematize the data obtained, to reinter pret old ideas, and to review the results obtained by new research trends which have emerged in the last few years and which are of general biological interest. Such a task was undertaken in the book Sovremennye Problemy Oogeneza (Current Problems of Oogenesis), published in 1977 (in Russian).
Book Synopsis Mitochondrial Dysfunction by : Lawrence H. Lash
Download or read book Mitochondrial Dysfunction written by Lawrence H. Lash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods in Toxicology, Volume 2: Mitochondrial Dysfunction provides a source of methods, techniques, and experimental approaches for studying the role of abnormal mitochondrial function in cell injury. The book discusses the methods for the preparation and basic functional assessment of mitochondria from liver, kidney, muscle, and brain; the methods for assessing mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in intact organs; and the structural aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are addressed. The text also describes chemical detoxification and metabolism as well as specific metabolic reactions that are especially important targets or indicators of damage. The methods for measurement of alterations in fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism and for the analysis and manipulation of oxidative injury and antioxidant systems are also considered. The book further tackles additional methods on mitochondrial energetics and transport processes; approaches for assessing impaired function of mitochondria; and genetic and developmental aspects of mitochondrial disease and toxicology. The text also looks into mitochondrial DNA synthesis, covalent binding to mitochondrial DNA, DNA repair, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of developing individuals and cellular differentiation. Microbiologists, toxicologists, biochemists, and molecular pharmacologists will find the book invaluable.
Book Synopsis Environmental Epigenetics by : L. Joseph Su
Download or read book Environmental Epigenetics written by L. Joseph Su and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the toxicological and health implications of environmental epigenetics and provides knowledge through an interdisciplinary approach. Included in this volume are chapters outlining various environmental risk factors such as phthalates and dietary components, life states such as pregnancy and ageing, hormonal and metabolic considerations and specific disease risks such as cancer cardiovascular diseases and other non-communicable diseases. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses.
Download or read book Spermatogenesis written by Lori Barnard and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2012-09-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deficiencies in sperm function are usually the result of spermatogenic defects. Spermatogenesis is a biologically complex and essential process during which spermatogonia undergo meiotic recombination, reduction of the genome to a haploid state, and extensive cellular modifications that result in a motile cell capable of traversing the female reproductive tract, withstanding various potential assaults to viability, and finally successfully fertilizing a mature oocyte to give rise to an embryo. Defects in any step of spermatogenesis or spermatogenesis can lead to male infertility, a disease that affects approximately 5-7% of the population. Spermiogenesis and Spermatogenesis: Methods and Protocols details protocols used in the study of spermatogenesis, clinical analytical protocols, and basic techniques used in clinical andrology laboratories, such as obtaining accurate results for a sperm count, and advanced procedures, such as genome-wide genetic study tools and evaluation of nuclear proteins. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Spermiogenesis and Spermatogenesis: Methods and Protocols is unique in its breadth, and will be a useful reference for clinicians and researchers alike.
Book Synopsis Epigenetic Variation Influences on Livestock Production and Disease Traits by : Eveline M. Ibeagha-Awemu
Download or read book Epigenetic Variation Influences on Livestock Production and Disease Traits written by Eveline M. Ibeagha-Awemu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-07-07 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Animal Models and Human Reproduction by : Heide Schatten
Download or read book Animal Models and Human Reproduction written by Heide Schatten and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our knowledge of reproductive biology has increased enormously in recent years on cellular, molecular, and genetic levels, leading to significant breakthroughs that have directly benefitted in vitro fertilization (IVF) and other assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in humans and animal systems. Animal Models and Human Reproduction presents a comprehensive reference that reflects the latest scientific research being done in human reproductive biology utilizing domestic animal models. Chapters on canine, equine, cow, pig, frog, and mouse models of reproduction reflect frontier research in placental biology, ovarian function and fertility, non-coding RNAs in gametogenesis, oocyte and embryo metabolism, fertilization, cryopreservation, signal transduction pathways, chromatin dynamics, epigenetics, reproductive aging, and inflammation. Chapters on non-human primate models also highlight recent advancements into such issues as human in vitro fertilization (IVF) and assisted reproductive technologies (ART). This book offers animal scientists, reproductive biology scientists, clinicians and practitioners, invaluable insights into a wide range of issues at the forefront of human reproductive health.
Book Synopsis How to Prepare the Egg and Embryo to Maximize IVF Success by : Gabor Kovacs
Download or read book How to Prepare the Egg and Embryo to Maximize IVF Success written by Gabor Kovacs and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-09 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive review of the factors that affect the harvesting and preparation of oocytes and the management of embryos will allow practitioners to make evidence-based decisions for successful IVF. The book reviews and re-considers the value of strategies and outcomes in the management of fertility and conception rates, centred on the production of oocytes, and successful development of the embryo. Authored by leading experts in the field, chapters engage with treatments and strategies that affect the production of oocytes and embryos, optimizing outcomes in the management of female fertility, conception rates, and live births. This vital guide covers controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, the role of AMH in determining ovarian reserve, and primary stimulation agents and the use of adjuncts. Integral for all clinicians and embryologists working in reproductive medicine units, readers are provided with evidence-based, comprehensive advice and review of all factors affecting the management of oocytes and the embryo that are vital for successful IVF cycles.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Structure and Gene Expression by : R. Curtis Bird
Download or read book Nuclear Structure and Gene Expression written by R. Curtis Bird and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-11-28 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Structure and Gene Expression assimilates the contributions of genome organization and of the components of the nuclear matrix to the control of DNA and RNA synthesis. Nuclear domains which accommodate DNA replication and gene expression are considered in relation to short-term developmental and homeostatic requirements as well as to long-term commitments to phenotypic gene expression in differentiated cells. Consideration is given to the involvement of nuclear structure in gene localization as well as to the targeting and concentration of transcription factors. Aberrations in nuclear architecture associated with and potentially functionally related to pathologies are evaluated. Tumor cells are described from the perspective of the striking modifications in both the composition and organization of nuclear components. Nuclear Structure and Gene Expression presents concepts as well as experimental approaches, which define functionality of nuclear morphology.* Mechanisms of interaction between nuclear structure and genes* Gene expression regulation by elements of the nuclear matrix* How nuclear structure exerts a regulatory effect on other aspects of cell function/physiology
Book Synopsis Culture Media, Solutions, and Systems in Human ART by : Patrick Quinn
Download or read book Culture Media, Solutions, and Systems in Human ART written by Patrick Quinn and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-27 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes culture media and solutions used in human ART; how they have been developed for in vitro human pre-implantation embryo development, the function and importance of the various components in media and solutions and how they interact, and how the systems in which these are used can influence outcomes. Chapters discuss inorganic solutes, energy substrates, amino acids, macromolecules, cytokines, growth factors, buffers, pH, osmolality, and the interaction of these parameters. The role of incubators and other physical factors are reviewed, along with the relevance and prospects of emerging technologies: morphokinetic analysis using time-lapse imaging and dynamic fluid incubation systems. Results of prospective randomized trials are emphasized to ascertain the added value of these techniques for selecting viable embryos. This comprehensive guide will be invaluable for embryologists, physicians and all personnel involved in the fluid products used in human ART seeking to optimize their successful use of these components.
Book Synopsis Diagnosis and Management of Ovarian Disorders by : Albert Altchek
Download or read book Diagnosis and Management of Ovarian Disorders written by Albert Altchek and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-09-04 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated second edition of Diagnosis and Management of Ovarian Disorders provides thorough, yet succinct insight into the ever-changing realm of ovarian disorders. It presents a novel multidisciplinary approach to the subject as described by clinicians, surgeons, pathologists, basic scientists and related medical researchers. Topics covered include reproductive technology, early diagnosis of ovarian cancer, and management of menopause among others. The breadth of information provided by this book will appeal to clinicians and researchers involved in the study and treatment of ovarian disorders.KEY FEATURES* Includes updated information on early diagnosis of ovarian cancer* Reviews new diagnostic techniques for ovarian disorders* Discusses latest information on reproductive technology* Presents translational treatment linking laboratory research with clinical medicine
Book Synopsis Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics by : Raffaele De Caterina
Download or read book Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics written by Raffaele De Caterina and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-22 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is the most comprehensive foundational text on the complex topics of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Edited by three leaders in the field with contributions from the most well-cited researchers conducting groundbreaking research in the field, the book covers how the genetic makeup influences the response to foods and nutrients and how nutrients affect gene expression. Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is broken into four parts providing a valuable overview of genetics, nutrigenetics, and nutrigenomics, and a conclusion that helps to translate research into practice. With an overview of the background, evidence, challenges, and opportunities in the field, readers will come away with a strong understanding of how this new science is the frontier of medical nutrition. Principles of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics: Fundamentals for Individualized Nutrition is a valuable reference for students and researchers studying nutrition, genetics, medicine, and related fields. - Uniquely foundational, comprehensive, and systematic approach with full evidence-based coverage of established and emerging topics in nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics - Includes a valuable guide to ethics for genetic testing for nutritional advice - Chapters include definitions, methods, summaries, figures, and tables to help students, researchers, and faculty grasp key concepts - Companion website includes slide decks, images, questions, and other teaching and learning aids designed to facilitate communication and comprehension of the content presented in the book
Book Synopsis Leptin and Reproduction by : Michael C. Henson
Download or read book Leptin and Reproduction written by Michael C. Henson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The isolation of leptin in 1994 and its characterization as a factor influencing appetite, energy balance, and adiposity, immediately thrust the polypeptide into the rapidly growing body of literature centered on the physiology of obesity. The growing clinical awareness of obesity as a major health risk in developed societies dovetailed perfectly with any of a number of roles that leptin might play in this abenant physiological condition. Almost unnoticed amidst the excitement generated by early leptin publications was the suggestion that the "fat hormone" might also regulate a wide range of systems and events important to reproduction, including pubertal development, gonadal endocrinology, fettility, and pregnancy. Recognizing this potential, a relatively small cadre of researchers began to examine leptin specifically as a reproductive hormone, thus creating a new and fertile field of investigation. Interest in this area has since gained momentum and an increased number of participants have now made significant contributions to our understanding of many leptin-related mechanisms that are relevant to reproductive biology. Leptin and Reproduction is the first major volume to specifically address leptin as a reproductive hormone and closely examines the advances made in the short time since this field of interest developed. Preeminent researchers ti'om many of the subdisciplines working within this area present a welcomed compendium of the wealth of related literature and voice novel interpretations of cun'ent advances.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Epigenetics by : Renato Paro
Download or read book Introduction to Epigenetics written by Renato Paro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease
