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Trade Reform And Household Welfare
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Book Synopsis Trade Reform and Household Welfare by : Elena Ianchovichina
Download or read book Trade Reform and Household Welfare written by Elena Ianchovichina and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results from a two-step simulation that uses a computable general equilibrium model and detailed consumption and income household data suggests that trade liberalization benefits people in the poorest deciles more than those in the richer ones.
Book Synopsis Trade Reforms and Welfare by : Aylin Isik-Dikmelik
Download or read book Trade Reforms and Welfare written by Aylin Isik-Dikmelik and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the impact of trade reforms on household welfare. In particular, it studies the importance of each of the links that together constitute the impact using data from the Vietnamese experience in the 1990s. The implementation of trade reforms in the 1990s, most noteworthy of which was the liberalization of rice, resulted in substantial improvement in welfare as evidenced by the drastic decline in poverty. Using analytical and empirical methods, the author examines the role of each channel (direct versus indirect) in this improvement for different groups of households. Results indicate that the growth has been broad based and pro-poor. Poorer households experienced more growth for each and every group analyzed. And contrary to the standard literature, net buyer households had more growth compared with net sellers, emphasizing the importance of indirect links. Decomposition of the growth shows that for rural households, both the direct effect and the multiplier effect drive growth while the multiplier effect was key in urban areas. The importance of the secondary effects underscores the need for a broader model to estimate the impact of trade reforms fully.
Book Synopsis Household Welfare Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization by : Martin Ravallion
Download or read book Household Welfare Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization written by Martin Ravallion and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Chen and Ravallion use China's national household surveys for rural and urban areas to measure and explain the welfare impacts of the changes in goods and factor prices attributed to WTO accession. Price changes are estimated separately using a general equilibrium model to capture both direct and indirect effects of the initial tariff changes. The welfare impacts are first-order approximations based on a household model incorporating own-production activities and are calibrated to the household-level data imposing minimum aggregation. The authors find negligible impacts on inequality and poverty in the aggregate. However, diverse impacts emerge across household types and regions associated with heterogeneity in consumption behavior and income sources, with possible implications for compensatory policy responses. This paper"a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group"is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the household welfare impacts of economywide policy changes.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Household Welfare in Vietnam by : Ganesh Seshan
Download or read book The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Household Welfare in Vietnam written by Ganesh Seshan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What is the effect of trade liberalization on households in developing countries? To what extent do the poor benefit when local markets are made more accommodative to international trade? The author empirically analyzes the distributional impact of trade policies on households in a low-income country with a large rural economy where labor markets are imperfect. The methodology in this paper, which can be applied to various types of labor market conditions, relates changes in prices attributed to trade reforms to changes in household welfare, income distribution, and poverty using theoretically consistent measures of producer and consumer welfare. The author investigates the effects on poverty and income distribution of national and international market integration in Vietnam's rice sector and fertilizer market between 1993 and 1998, a period of ongoing market reforms when the national poverty rate fell sharply from 59 percent to 37 percent. ... " -- Cover verso.
Book Synopsis Trade Policy, Income Risk and Welfare by : Tom Krebs
Download or read book Trade Policy, Income Risk and Welfare written by Tom Krebs and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This paper studies empirically the relationship between trade policy and individual income risk faced by workers, and uses the estimates of this empirical analysis to evaluate the welfare effect of trade reform. The analysis proceeds in three steps. First, longitudinal data on workers are used to estimate time-varying individual income risk parameters in various manufacturing sectors. Second, the estimated income risk parameters and data on trade barriers are used to analyze the relationship between trade policy and income risk. Finally, a simple dynamic incomplete-market model is used to assess the corresponding welfare costs. In the implementation of this methodology using Mexican data, we find that trade policy changes have a significant short run effect on income risk. Further, while the tariff level has an insignificant mean effect, it nevertheless changes the degree to which macroeconomic shocks affect income risk"--NBER website
Book Synopsis Trade Reform and Household Welfare by : Elena Ianchovichina
Download or read book Trade Reform and Household Welfare written by Elena Ianchovichina and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: August 2001Results from a two-step simulation that uses a computable general equilibrium model and detailed consumption and income household data suggest that trade liberalization benefits people in the poorest deciles more than those in the richer ones.Ianchovichina, Nicita, and Soloaga use a two-step, computationally simple procedure to analyze the effects of Mexico's potential unilateral tariff liberalization. First, they use a computable general equilibrium model provided by the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) as the new price generator. Second, they apply the price changes to Mexican household data to assess the effects of the simulated policy on poverty and income distribution.By choosing GTAP as the price generator, the authors are able to model Mexico's differential tariff structure appropriately: almost zero for North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) members and higher tariffs for nonmembers. Even starting with low tariff protection, simulation results show that tariff reform will have a positive effect on welfare for all expenditure deciles. Under an assumption of nonhomothetic individual preferences, trade liberalization benefits people in the poorer deciles more than those in the richer ones.This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the effects of trade policy on poverty. The authors may be contacted at [email protected], [email protected], or [email protected].
Book Synopsis Who Benefited from Trade Liberalization in Mexico? by : Alessandro Nicita
Download or read book Who Benefited from Trade Liberalization in Mexico? written by Alessandro Nicita and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trade Reforms and Welfare by : Aylin Isik-Dikmelik
Download or read book Trade Reforms and Welfare written by Aylin Isik-Dikmelik and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the impact of trade reforms on household welfare. In particular, it studies the importance of each of the links that together constitute the impact using data from the Vietnamese experience in the 1990s. The implementation of trade reforms in the 1990s, most noteworthy of which was the liberalization of rice, resulted in substantial improvement in welfare as evidenced by the drastic decline in poverty. Using analytical and empirical methods, the author examines the role of each channel (direct versus indirect) in this improvement for different groups of households. Results indicate that the growth has been broad based and pro-poor. Poorer households experienced more growth for each and every group analyzed. And contrary to the standard literature, net buyer households had more growth compared with net sellers, emphasizing the importance of indirect links. Decomposition of the growth shows that for rural households, both the direct effect and the multiplier effect drive growth while the multiplier effect was key in urban areas. The importance of the secondary effects underscores the need for a broader model to estimate the impact of trade reforms fully.
Book Synopsis Distributional Effects of WTO Agricultural Reforms in Rich and Poor Countries by : Roman Keeney
Download or read book Distributional Effects of WTO Agricultural Reforms in Rich and Poor Countries written by Roman Keeney and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Rich countries' agricultural trade policies are the battleground on which the future of the WTO's troubled Doha Round will be determined. Subject to widespread criticism, they nonetheless appear to be almost immune to serious reform, and one of their most common defenses is that they protect poor farmers. The authors' findings reject this claim. The analysis uses detailed data on farm incomes to show that major commodity programs are highly regressive in the United States, and that the only serious losses under trade reform are among large, wealthy farmers in a few heavily protected subsectors. In contrast, analysis using household data from 15 developing countries indicates that reforming rich countries' agricultural trade policies would lift large numbers of developing country farm households out of poverty. In the majority of cases these gains are not outweighed by the poverty-increasing effects of higher food prices among other households. Agricultural reforms that appear feasible, even under an ambitious Doha Round, achieve only a fraction of the benefits for developing countries that full liberalization promises, but protect U.S. large farms from most of the rigors of adjustment. Finally, the analysis indicates that maximal trade-led poverty reductions occur when developing countries participate more fully in agricultural trade liberalization.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Household Welfare in Vietnam by : Ganesh Seshan
Download or read book The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Household Welfare in Vietnam written by Ganesh Seshan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the effect of trade liberalization on households in developing countries? To what extent do the poor benefit when local markets are made more accommodative to international trade? The author empirically analyzes the distributional impact of trade policies on households in a low-income country with a large rural economy where labor markets are imperfect. The methodology in this paper, which can be applied to various types of labor market conditions, relates changes in prices attributed to trade reforms to changes in household welfare, income distribution, and poverty using theoretically consistent measures of producer and consumer welfare. The author investigates the effects on poverty and income distribution of national and international market integration in Vietnam's rice sector and fertilizer market between 1993 and 1998, a period of ongoing market reforms when the national poverty rate fell sharply from 59 percent to 37 percent. He finds that when the effects of opening the rice and fertilizer market are isolated, Vietnam's agricultural trade reforms did not contribute to a significant improvement in overall household welfare or decline in poverty over this period. Nonetheless, the liberalization exercise can explain about half of the reduction in poverty incidence among farm households. The results also show that liberalization did not exacerbate income inequality, but did generate gains for rural households across the distribution, particularly the poor, at the expense of urban households.
Book Synopsis Multilateral Trade Liberalization and Mexican Households by : Alessandro Nicita
Download or read book Multilateral Trade Liberalization and Mexican Households written by Alessandro Nicita and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Empirical evidence suggests that global trade reforms are unlikely to produce analogous results across countries, especially when analyzing their effect on poverty. This implies that the analysis of trade reform on social welfare cannot be generalized and needs to be conducted on a country by country basis. Moreover, even within the same country, geographic areas, households, and individuals are likely to be differentially affected, some of them benefiting more than others, while others might lose. With this in mind, the author provides a quantitative estimate of the effect on Mexican households from the implementation of the Doha development agenda. His analysis uses a two-step approach for which changes in prices and factors are estimated through a CGE model (GTAP) and then mapped into the welfare function of the household using household survey data. The empirical approach the author uses aims to measure the impact of Doha implementation by tracing changes in the household prices of goods and factors and their impact on household welfare, taking particular account the role of domestic price transmission. The findings suggest that multilateral trade liberalization alone would have a negative effect on Mexican households, even though very small. However, when the implementation of the Doha development agenda is complemented by domestic policies aimed at increasing productivity and improving domestic price transmission, the overall effects become positive. The results point to the importance of domestic price transmission in determining the variance of the effects across households"--Cover verso.
Book Synopsis Welfare Effects of Trade Reform and Macroeconomic Conditions on Labor Market Outcomes and Poverty in Mexico by : Teena Marie Archuleta
Download or read book Welfare Effects of Trade Reform and Macroeconomic Conditions on Labor Market Outcomes and Poverty in Mexico written by Teena Marie Archuleta and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Theory of Trade Policy Reform by : Carsten Kowalczyk
Download or read book The Theory of Trade Policy Reform written by Carsten Kowalczyk and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While its treatment of the effects of policy changes on key economic indicators is academic, the literature on theory of trade policy reform "is motivated by concrete policy challenges ... and has informed policy." Kowalczyk (international economics, Tufts U.) introduces two types of reform (concertina and radial), the main policy and analytic issues, and how these 32 articles contribute to their understanding. Reprinted from economic journals and books from 1953-94, they address eight themes: early contributions to the theory of reform; welfare effects of tax and price changes; results of reform and national welfare; world welfare and trade reform; coalitions, welfare, and trade reform; quotas, tariffs, and reform; reform of government production and revenue; and reform in multi-household economies. Lacks a subject index. c. Book News Inc.
Book Synopsis Global Trade and Poor Nations by : Marcelo Olarreaga
Download or read book Global Trade and Poor Nations written by Marcelo Olarreaga and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Brookings Institution Press and Yale Center for the Study of Globalization and Sciences-Po, Paris publication This thoughtful volume assesses the likely impact of reformed trade policies on the poorest of the poor—those on the bottom economic rungs in developing nations. The focus on a spectrum of poor nations across different regions provides some helpful and hopeful guidelines regarding the likely impacts of a global trade reform, agreed upon under the auspices of the World Trade Organization, as well as the impact of such reforms on economic development. In order to facilitate lesson-drawing across different regions, each country study utilizes a similar methodology. They combine information on trade policy at the product level with income and consumption data at the household level, thus capturing effects both on the macro level and in individual households where development policies ideally should improve day-to-day life. This uniformity of research approach across the country studies allows for a deeper and more robust comparison of results.
Book Synopsis Implications of WTO Agreements and Unilateral Trade Policy Reforms for Poverty in Bangladesh by :
Download or read book Implications of WTO Agreements and Unilateral Trade Policy Reforms for Poverty in Bangladesh written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The authors examine the effects of WTO agreements and domestic trade policy reforms on production, welfare, and poverty in Bangladesh. They use a sequential dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, which takes into account accumulation effects, allowing for long-run analysis. The study is based on the 2000 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of Bangladesh including 15 production sectors, four factors of production (skilled and unskilled labor, agricultural and nonagricultural capital), and nine household groups (five in rural areas and four in urban areas). To examine the link between the macroeconomic effects and microeconomic effects in terms of poverty, the authors use the representative household approach with actual intra-group income distributions. The study presents five simulations for which the major findings are: - The Doha scenario has negative implications for the overall macroeconomy, household welfare, and poverty in Bangladesh. Terms of trade deteriorate and consumer prices, particularly food prices, increase more than nominal incomes, especially among poor households. - Free world trade has similar, but larger, impacts. - Domestic trade liberalization induces an expansion of agricultural and light manufacturing sectors, favorable changes in the domestic terms of trade. Although the short-run welfare and poverty impacts are negative, these turn positive in the long run when capital has adjusted through new investments. Rising unskilled wage rates make the poorest households the biggest winners in terms of welfare and poverty reduction. - Domestic liberalization effects far outweigh those of free world trade when these scenarios are combined. - Remittances constitute a powerful poverty-reducing tool given their greater importance in the income of the poor." -- Cover verso.
Book Synopsis Trade Liberalisation and Poverty by : Minh Son Le
Download or read book Trade Liberalisation and Poverty written by Minh Son Le and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-08-11 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book uses Alan Winters’ analytical framework to investigate the effects of trade liberalisation on economic growth and poverty in Vietnam. The country launched a programme of economic and trade reforms, known as Doi Moi, in the mid-1980s which placed the economy on a transitional path from central planning to a market economy. Since then Vietnam has attained a number of remarkable achievements in terms of economic growth and poverty reduction. Although some formidable problems (such as inequality and inflation) remain, it is apparent that trade liberalisation has been associated with a big reduction in poverty. The analysis in the book focuses on the microeconomic (household) level, and there is an emphasis on tracing the effects of trade liberalisation through the four separate channels identified by Winters. Such in-depth and micro-level analyses yield new insights that support important policy lessons and recommendations for Vietnam in particular and, more generally, for similar developing countries.
Book Synopsis Household Welfare Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization by : Shaohua Chen
Download or read book Household Welfare Impacts of China's Accession to the World Trade Organization written by Shaohua Chen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chen and Ravallion use China's national household surveys for rural and urban areas to measure and explain the welfare impacts of the changes in goods and factor prices attributed to WTO accession. Price changes are estimated separately using a general equilibrium model to capture both direct and indirect effects of the initial tariff changes. The welfare impacts are first-order approximations based on a household model incorporating own-production activities and are calibrated to the household-level data imposing minimum aggregation. The authors find negligible impacts on inequality and poverty in the aggregate. However, diverse impacts emerge across household types and regions associated with heterogeneity in consumption behavior and income sources, with possible implications for compensatory policy responses. This paper - a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the household.
